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Take-all of Wheat and Natural Disease Suppression: A Review
곽연식,David M. Weller 한국식물병리학회 2013 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.29 No.2
In agro-ecosystems worldwide, some of the most important and devastating diseases are caused by soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogens, against which crop plants generally lack genetic resistance. However, plants have evolved approaches to protect themselves against pathogens by stimulating and supporting specific groups of beneficial microorganisms that have the ability to protect either by direct inhibition of the pathogen or by inducing resistance mechanisms in the plant. One of the best examples of protection of plant roots by antagonistic microbes occurs in soils that are suppressive to takeall disease of wheat. Take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is the most economically important root disease of wheat worldwide. Take-all decline (TAD) is the spontaneous decline in incidence and severity of disease after a severe outbreak of takeall during continuous wheat or barley monoculture. TAD occurs worldwide, and in the United States and The Netherlands it results from a build-up of populations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG)-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. during wheat monoculture. The antibiotic 2,4-DAPG has a broad spectrum of activity and is especially active against the take-all pathogen. Based on genotype analysis by repetitive sequence-based-PCR analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism of phlD, a key 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis gene, at least 22 genotypes of 2,4-DAPG producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. have been described worldwide. In this review, we provide an overview of G. graminis var. tritici, the take-all disease, Pseudomonas biocontrol agents, and mechanism of disease suppression.
질병의 중증도 판정지표로서 효과적인 임상병리검사 선정에 관한 연구
곽연식,최영수 한국의료QA학회 1998 가을학술대회 Vol.1998 No.-
질병의 중증도를 객관적으로 판정할 수 있는 임상병리 검사를 선정하기 위하여 조사한 결과, PT, pCO2, pH, pO2, 10단위 이상 적혈구체제 수혈, 혈청 CK-MB, Creat, CSF RBC 및 WBC, 혈액배양, K, Na 및 Alb 등의 양성 소견이 질병이 중증임을 시사하는 검사지표로 판정되었다.
곽연식 대한의료정보학회 2005 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.11 No.1
세계적으로 의료계가 당면하고 있는 과제는 의료사고 방지와 환자안전 향상, 의료기관정보와 환자의무기록의 접근 용이성 보장, 의료의 효율성 그리고 의료비의 감소의 크게 네가지로 요약할 수 있다. 선진국에서는 이런 당면과제를 해결하는 데는 더 좋은 정보통신기술을 도입한 범국가적보건의료정보시스템망을 구축 시행함에 있다고 생각하고 이의 실행을 추진 하고 있다. 국민의 개인평생전자건강진료정보체계가 이 범국가적보건의료정보시스템망의 중심에 있으며 이의 실행 없이는 위의 목적을 달성할 수 없다. 개인평생전자건강진료정보체계는 그 내용에 있어서 다음과 같은 4가지로 구분할 수 있다. 즉 이는 의료기관에 보관하고 있는 전자화된 현행의무기록, 공유할 수 있는 개인의 평생건강진료정보, 개인이 관리하는 개인의 건강진료정보와 개인의 고유인식을 삭제한 국가적인 질병통계와 관리 및 전염병감시를 위한 공중보건의료정보 등이다. 이와 같은 4가지의 시민 개인평생건강진료정보시스템을 미국, 영국, 호주, 캐나다 등 선진국에서는 약 10년 계획으로 추진 중에 있다. 이와 같은 개인평생전자건강진료정보체계를 성공적으로 구축하는 데는 정보시스템 간의 의미적 및 기능적인 상호운용성 보장이 가장 중요하며 시스템구축을 위하여 세계표준을 적용하여야 한다. 즉 HL7표준인 임상문서표준구조(CDA), 임상의사결정지원시스템, 근거중심의학지원, 개인맞춤형진료지원, 웹기술과 XML등을 적용하여야 한다. 현재 개발되어 있는 세계표준은 개인평생전자건강진료정보체계 구축에 완벽하지는 않지만 이의 적용은 필수적이다. 이 종설은 개인평생전자건강진료정보체계의 정의, 내용 및 표준적용과 세계표준개발기구에 관한 내용을 관심 있는 독자들의 이해를 도우기 위하여 간략하게 기술하였다.
Screening Antifungal and Exceptional Colonization Strains from Nationwide Actinobacteria Library
곽연식,Heeil Do,Da-Ran Kim 한국농약과학회 2022 농약과학회지 Vol.26 No.3
Since the Industrial Revolution, the population has grown exponentially and by 2050, the world's population is expected up to 9 billion. As the population increases, food supply is required to about 1.5 times the current amount, but the occurrence of diseases and environmental stress on crops due to climate change is increasing and crop production is decreasing. Chemical pesticides have contributed greatly to the increase in food production and security. However, due to issues of environmental, eco-friendly management techniques are demanded. There are many plants beneficial microorganisms that have been known to contribute to preventing plant disease occurrence as eco-friendly approaches in lab or greenhouse experimental scales. However, the candidate beneficial microbes failed to protect the plant against pathogens or abiotic stresses in commercial crop cultivated field conditions, due to a lack of colonization ability on plants. Therefore, this study aimed to secure outstanding colonization of microbial strains among Actinobacteria collection nationwide. Of the 2,114 isolates of Actinobacteria, two strains showed aggressive antifungal activity against a wide range of fungal pathogens and exceptional colonization ability in the plant rhizosphere. The strains have an excellent possibility to be biological control agents and members of the synthetic community for plant disease control.
곽연식,Ki Soo Han,이정한,이경희,정우식,Kirankumar S. Mysore,권영상,김희규,Dong-Won Bae 한국식물생명공학회 2009 식물생명공학회지 Vol.36 No.3
The hypersensitive reaction (HR) is the mostcommon plant defense reaction against pathogens. HR isproduced during both host- and nonhost-incompatible interactions. Several reports suggest that similarities existbetween host and nonhost resistances. We assayed the patternof generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and scavengingenzyme activities during nonhost pathogen-plantinteractions (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris/Capsicumannuum L.) and incompatible host pathogen-plant interactions(Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria race1/Capsicumannuum L.). Both O2- and H2O2 accumulated much fasterduring nonhost resistance when compared to the hostresistance. The scavenging enzyme activities of superoxidedismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX)were also different during the host- and nonhost-incompatibleinteractions. CAT activity was much higher during nonhost resistance, and several new isozymes of SOD and POX weredetected during nonhost resistance when compared to thehost resistance. Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity was higher inhost resistance than nonhost resistance during the earlystages of infection. Interestingly, the nitric oxide (NO) radicalaccumulated equal amounts during both host and nonhostresistance at early stages of infection. Further studies areneeded to determine the specific pathways underlying thesedifferences between host and nonhost resistance responses.