경기도 지역에너지계획의 도민참여 과정 : 민주주의 학습 효과를 중심으로

고재경(Jae-Kyung Koh),진상현(Sang-Hyeon Jin) 한국NGO학회 2021 NGO연구 Vol.16 No.2

분산형 에너지의 확대로 인해 지역의 에너지정책 및 계획 과정에서 시민참여의 필요성에 대한 사회적 인식이 높아지고 있으며, 실제로 시민참여형 에너지계획을 수립하는 사례도 늘어나고 있다. 특히 문재인 정부는 법정 계획인 지역에너지계획을 모든 광역지자체들이 시민참여방식으로 수립하도록 요구하였다. 이에 본 논문은 다른 지자체와 차별화된 방식으로 진행되었던 경기도의 도민참여형 지역에너지계획 수립 과정을 민주주의의 학습이라는 측면에서 분석하였다. 또한 민주주의 학습효과의 산물인 에너지 시민성 관점에서의 평가도 이루어졌다. 연구결과 경기도 사례는 일반 시민의 대표성에 초점을 맞추었던 여타 지자체들과 달리 에너지 소양을 갖춘 시민들이 참여하는 모델을 구축함으로써, 방관자적 시민이 아니라 행동하는 에너지 시민의 양성을 통해 계획의 실행력까지 담보해 낼 수 있었다. 즉, 계획의 수립 과정을 풀뿌리 민주주의의 학습 공간으로 조성한 덕분에 에너지 정책 관련 정보와 지식을 습득한 실천적 시민들이 지역에너지계획의 이행 주체로 성장할 수 있게 되었다. 특히 도민추진단의 학습효과가 계획수립 이후의 에너지전환 활동으로 연결될 수 있도록 참여의 과정과 내용이 설계되었을 뿐만 아니라, 광역과 기초지자체 간의 계획 연계를 통한 정책협력의 토대가 만들어졌다. 사회적 학습 효과를 토대로 시민참여의 성패를 평가해야 한다는 관점에서, 경기도 지역에너지계획의 사례는 의미 있는 성과를 거둔 것으로 보이며 다른 지역의 사례와 차별화된 특징을 지닌 것으로 판단된다. Citizen’s awareness of the importance of participating in the process of local energy policy has increased owing to the expansion of decentralized energy. Consequentially, the cases of residents’ participatory energy planning in the municipalities had frequently been identified. Particularly, the current government of Moon Jae-in asked the whole regional local governments to establish their energy plan in the way of citizen’s participation. In this context, this study attempts to analyze the planning process of Gyeonggi province which adopted its unique participatory method from the viewpoint of learning effect of democracy. In addition, the concept of energy citizenship was adopted to evaluate the overall participation process. Gyeonggi province, unlike other regions that focused on the representativeness of ordinary citizens, built a planning model in which citizens with energy knowledge participate as local representatives, thereby cultivating active energy citizens not the bystanders, and ensured even the execution ability of the plan. In other words, since the participation process was considered as a learning space for grassroots democracy, practical citizens who acquired information and knowledge related to energy policy could grow as the implementing agent of the local energy plan. Additionally the participation process and contents were designed so that their learning effect can be developed into the energy transformation activities after the establishment of the plan. Also Gyeonggi province attempted to establish the linkage between the regional local government and primary local governments to strengthen the policy cooperation. Based on the argument that the success of citizen participation should be evaluated by the effect of facilitating social learning, the case of Gyeonggi-do appears to have achieved meaningful results and has distinctive characteristics from cases in other regions.

연구논문 : 지방자치단체 기후변화 취약성 평가에 관한 연구: 경기도 기초지자체를 중심으로

고재경 ( Jae Kyung Koh ),김희선 ( Hee Sun Kim ) 한국환경정책학회 2010 환경정책 Vol.18 No.2

Less attention has been paid to climate change adaptation but it is increasingly considered as a necessary complement to greenhouse gas mitigation. Adaptation is particularly of a local concern because climate impacts and vulnerability are location-specific depending on geographical conditions, physical infrastructure, and humane and social capital etc. Given uncertainties and long-term nature of adaptation policy and local governments` limited resources, effective adaptation to climate change requires vulnerability identification, an assessment of the climatic hazards likely to affect the community, and prioritization of risk-reduction measures. Aiming to identify relative vulnerability across municipalities, this paper provides a set of local vulnerability indicators and gives results from its application to 31 municipalities in Gyeonggi-Do. The vulnerability indices are consisted of three categories such as exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity, 11 sectors, and 35 indicators. Expert consultations and Analytic Hierarchy Process were utilized to derive indicators and determine their weights. The indicators would contribute to developing priorities for resource distribution at the regional level.

축산폐수관리의 정부실패에 관한 연구

고재경 ( Jae Kyung Koh ) 한국정책학회 2002 한국정책학회보 Vol.11 No.3

Livestock wastewater contains high-concentrated nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous, which causes eutrophication of rivers threatening the drinking water quality. As a result of the enhanced environmental regulation, every livestock manure facility is not allowed to discharge untreated wastewater into the river. The government currently provides subsidies for livestock manure treatment facilities-the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry based on the livestock farmhouse size. The Ministry of Environment subsidizes the public facilities to treat wastewater from small-sized farms which are operated by Cities and Counties. Despite increasing investment the livestock wastewater management policy does not successfully address the problems bringing about policy paradox and inefficient operation of the facilities. The objective of this study explores their causes in terms of government failure and makes some policy implications.

지역 환경거버넌스 역량 구축을 위한 과제의 우선순위 연구

고재경 ( Jae Kyung Koh ) 한국환경정책학회 2009 환경정책 Vol.17 No.2

The objective of the study is to analyze conditions and policy tasks to enhance the local environmental governance capacity. It used the AHP(Analytic Hierachy Process) method to identify priorities for local governments. The result shows that at the first level, partnership between the community and the local government is the most important and then social capital and local environmental administration capacity in order of significance. At the second level, trust, leadership and participation are high on priority lists. Top 10 priorities at the third level include three problems representing leadership, three of participation, training for empowerment, collaboration between environmental NGOs and the local government, and trust in local environmental policy process. It is noteworthy that there are some differences of priorities among stakeholder groups of academia, NGOs and local agenda 21 activists, and local governments` officials. The analysis would help the local governments as well as the communities close their recognition gap and facilitate partnership for successful governance.

연구논문 : 기초자치단체 온실가스 배출량 산정에 관한 연구 -경기도 시,군 지자체를 중심으로-

고재경 ( Jae Kyung Koh ),박년배 ( Nyun Bae Park ) 한국환경정책학회 2008 환경정책 Vol.16 No.1

The main objective of this study is to review a methodology to calculate greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions at the local level and to present policy implications to develop local GHG inventories based on the result of GHG emissions of 31 local governments in Gyeonggi-Do. As the awareness of the importance of local initiatives for climate change increases local governments have recently started to launch their own strategies to respond to the issue. Even though GHG inventories are essential for a local government to prioritize the sectoral programs and to come up with appropriate measures given its physical and socio- economic conditions, little attention has been paid. This paper suggests that the guidelines and integrated database for local GHG inventories be developed in order to reduce the uncertainty of GHG emissions as well as to encourage local initiatives. In addition, the differentiated strategies for climate protection depending on local GHG emission characteristics and the cooperation between national and local governments should be promoted.

「밀레니움ㆍ라운드」에 대한 우리나라의 대응

고재경(Koh Jae-Kyung) 계명대학교 사회과학연구소 1998 한국사회과학연구 Vol.17 No.-

뉴잉글랜드 어업협동관리의 경험과 교훈

고재경 ( Jae Kyung Koh ) 한국환경정책학회 2007 환경정책 Vol.15 No.1

Co-management which emerged as an alternative regime to deal with the natural resource depletion crisis emphasizes devolution of resource management authorities and participation by fishermen or communities in the decision-making. The organization and operational rules of co-management, however, vary with physical, social and economic conditions of the communities, which also influences on its performance. Sustainable fishery could be achieved by co-management facilitating democracy and legitimacy of the policy process, but, on the other hand, the problem can be aggravated due to the risk of conflicts among stakeholders and regulation capture. This paper examines the case of New England fisheries co-management to present the dilemma of co-management and suggests policy implications to design governance institutions toward sustainable fisheries management at the regional scale larger than local communities.

연구논문 : 상수도공급의 비효율성에 관한 연구

고재경 ( Koh Jae Kyung ) 한국환경정책학회 2002 환경정책 Vol.10 No.2

사회연결망 분석을 이용한 지역 환경거버넌스 특성 연구

고재경 ( Jae Kyung Koh ),이미홍 ( Mi Hong Lee ) 한국정책학회 2010 한국정책학회보 Vol.19 No.1

지방자치단체 기후변화 적응정책의 특성 연구

고재경(Koh, Jae-Kyung),최충익(Choi, Choong-Ik),김희선(Kim, Hee-Sun) 한국지역개발학회 2010 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

The objective of the study is to examine local characteristics of climate impacts and adaptation and to suggest policy implications to build adaptative capability of local governments. Less attention has been paid to climate change adaptation but it is increasingly considered as a necessary complement to greenhouse gas mitigation. Adaptation is particularly of a local concern because climate impacts and vulnerability are locationspecific, therefore developing adaptation strategies needs a bottom-up approach. Estimated damage caused by reported natural disasters and measures to reduce natural hazards are used as a proxy of climate impacts and local adaptive infrastructure. This study identified vulnerability types of local governments to climate change by cluster analysis and suggested adaptation options by their characteristics. The result of the analysis stresses local authorities take a differentiated and strategic approach to the climate change adaptation policy in local governments.