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Short-term improvement of masticatory function after implant restoration
강시묵,이상수,권호근,김백일 대한치주과학회 2015 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.45 No.6
Purpose: Dental implants present several advantages over other tooth replacement options. However, there has been little research on masticatory function in relation to implanttreatment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the improvement ofmasticatory function two weeks after implant restoration. Methods: Masticatory ability was evaluated with the subjective food intake ability (FIA)and objective mixing ability index (MAI) methods. Fifty-four subjects with first and secondmissing molars completed the study. The subjects were asked to complete a self-reportedquestionnaire about 30 different food items, and to chew wax samples 10 times both beforeand two weeks after implant restoration. A total of 108 waxes were analyzed with animage analysis program. Results: Dental implant restoration for lost molar teeth on one side increased the FIA scoreby 9.0% (P<0.0001). The MAI score also increased, by 14.3% after implant restoration(P<0.0001). Comparison between the good and poor mastication groups, which were subdividedbased on the median MAI score before implant restoration, showed that the FIAscore of the poor group was enhanced 1.1-fold while its MAI score was enhanced 2.0-foldtwo weeks after an implant surgery. Conclusions: Using the FIA and MAI assessment methods, this study showed that masticatoryfunction was improved two weeks after implant restoration. In particular, the enhancementof masticatory function by implant restoration was greater in patients with relativelypoor initial mastication than in those with good initial mastication.
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TiO₂ 농도 및 여기광에 따른 광촉매 반응이Streptococcus mutans의 생장에 미치는 영향
강시묵 ( Si Mook Kang ),이해나 ( Hae Na Lee ),김희은 ( Hee Eun Kim ),김백일 ( Baek Il Kim ) 한국치위생과학회 2014 치위생과학회지 Vol.14 No.3
The aim of this study was to evaluate influences of titanium dioxide (TiO2) concentrations and irradiation times on growth of Streptococcus mutans when irradiated by visible light (405 nm wavelength) and by ultraviolet light (254 nm wavelength). To find the optimal antibacterial concentration ofTiO2, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg/ml TiO2 suspension was prepared with sterilized distilled water. S. mutans cultured media was added to TiO2solution to set the final cell count to 104 CFU/ml. The photo catalytic reaction was induced by irradiating 254 nm and 405 nm lights for 10 minutes. To compare the bactericidal activities according to irradiation times, all photo catalytic reaction was carried out with 0.1 mg/ml TiO2 for 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes with both lights. After the photo catalytic reaction, 100 μm of the reaction mixture was immediately plated on brain heart infusion agar. These plates were placed at 5% CO2, 37oC, for 24 hours and the bacterial colonies were counted. All experiments were performed in quintuplicate. One-way ANOVA was used to determine whether there were any significant differences between the TiO2 concentrations or the irradiation times. The most effective concentration of TiO2 for its photo catalytic bactericidal effect on S. mutans was 0.1 mg/ml when irradiated with254 nm and 405 nm lights. The longer the irradiation time, the bigger the bactericidal effect for both wavelengths. Over 99% of bacteria in theinoculum were killed after irradiation with 254 nm for 20 minutes and with 405 nm for 40 minutes. In conclusion, a photo catalytic reaction of TiO2induced by visible light of 405 nm constitutes the bactericidal effect on S. mutans.
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QLF-D, ICDAS, DIAGNOdent를 이용한 발거된 치아의 교합면 우식증의 정량화 비교
강시묵 ( Si Mook Kang ),민지현 ( Ji Hyun Min ),김한나 ( Han Na Kim ),김백일 ( Baek Il Kim ),김진범 ( Jin Bom Kim ),정승화 ( Seung Hwa Jeong ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2014 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.38 No.2
Objectives: To compare the QLF-D method and the ICDAS and DIAGNOdent techniques for in vitro quantification of occlusal caries and to assess the histological features of the caries. Methods: One hundred and twenty-two extracted permanent teeth were selected, and the site of interest on the occlusal surface was examined using each detection method. The occlusal sites were classified according to the ICDAS II criteria based on the decision taken by two investigators, who have taken the ICDAS E-learning course. The examined site was then measured using the DIAGNOdent, and the peak value was recorded. In addition, by using the QLF-D, the occlusal site was photographed to obtain the ΔFmax value. After all assessments were performed, the occlusal sites were vertically sectioned in order to assess the histological features. This was considered the gold standard. The histological criteria were graded using a 4-point scale as follows: S=sound (n=21), E1=limited enamel caries (n=27), E2=caries extending to the dento-enamel junction (n=49), D=caries involving the dentine (n=25). Results: An ICDAS code between 0 and 4 was assigned to all the occlusal sites, and this revealed the QLF-D value, which was between ―95 to 0. The DIAGNOdent value was between 8 and 99. The correlation values of QLF-D, ICDAS, and DIAGNOdent with the histological features were 0.68, 0.58, and 0.46, respectively (P<0.01). A highly significant correlation was observed between QLF-D and the gold standard, which showed a moderate correlation and an acceptable correlation was observed with ICDAS (r=0.75, P<0.01). A statistically significant difference was observed in the average QLF-D values of each histological grade i.e., ―28.5 (S), ―53.7 (E1), ―68.1 (E2), and ―84.4 (D). Conclusions: The QLF-D showed a significant correlation with the ICDAS and histological features. Therefore, visual inspection with QLF-D would improve the detection accuracy and ensure early diagnosis of dental caries.nt
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강시묵 ( Si Mook Kang ),정회인 ( Hoi In Jung ),정승화 ( Seung Hwa Jeong ),권호근 ( Ho Keun Kwon ),김백일 ( Baek Il Kim ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2010 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.34 No.1
Objectives. The aim of this study was to develop a new caries activity test based on colorimetric changes that could better reflect the amount of acid produced by oral bacteria as a broad spectrum of color than the previous test. The optimal candidates were combinations of pH indicators, and these were evaluated in pH buffering solutions and using dental plaque. Methods. Six pH indicators, Bromocresol-purple (BCP), Bromocresol-green (BCG), Methyl-red (MR), Methyl-orange (MO), Resazurin (R), and Naphthyl-red (NR), were selected to show different colors at various pH environments (range pH 3.0~7.0). BCP and BCG are pH indicators that are already used in the Cariostat(R), and they can show color changes from blue to yellow. This study tried to broaden the color change spectrum from blue to red to give a more distinct differentiation at various pHs. Four pH indicators (MR, MO, R and NR) were blended with BCP and BCG. Each combination of the three indicators was assessed in different pH buffer systems: pH 7.0, 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, and 3.0. The selected combinations of pH indicators were applied to human dental plaque from 11 subjects (mean age: 27) to confirm the reproducibility of the in vitro results. Results. According to the in vitro buffer system, the mixture of BCP, BCG and MR did not show any differences between pH 4.0 and pH 3.0. On the other hand, the mixtures of BCP-BCG-MO (ratio 2:1:1.5), BCP-BCG-R (1.5:1:0.5) and BCP-BCG-NR (2:1:1.5) showed distinguishable color changes from pH 7.0 to pH 3.0. Among the three candidates, the BCP-BCG-NR mixture showed the best color differences in the buffer solution and the human dental plaque cultivated solutions at various pHs. Conclusions. This study evaluated a new colorimetric caries activity test that used a combination of several pH indicators. The new system can easily detect various pH environments from organic acid fermentation by using a wider range of colors (blue-dark green-green-orange-red).
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Streptococcus mutans에 대한 생강과 천연추출물의 광역학 항균효과
황혜림,강시묵,이은송,김백일 대한치과의사협회 2019 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.57 No.10
mutans (S.mutans ), which is known to cause dental caries, in order to confirm whether these extracts could perform as photosensitizers for the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods: This study used the strain of streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 distributed by the Korean Collection for Type Cultures of the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology. Commercial edible curcuma, ginger and finger root were used as the natural extracts for the use of photosensitizer. To extract organic solvent, 3 g of each powder was mixed in 30 ㎖ of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, VWR, Germany) before extraction. 1.8 ㎖ of the photosensitizer solution, manufactured in the concentrations of 5, 0.5, and 0.05 ㎎/㎖, was mixed with 0.2 ㎖ of the S. mutans culture medium that had been cultured for 2 days. To induce the photodynamic reaction, Qraycam (AIOBIO, Seoul, Korea) equipped with 405 ㎚ LED was used to expose light for 5 minutes to irradiate 59 ㎻ energy for 300 seconds. Results: Compared with the case with no light, a higher photodynamic therapeutic effect was confirmed with 0.05㎎/㎖ curcuma powder extract, the concentration of 0.5 ㎎/㎖ and LED light of 405 ㎚ wavelength (p=0.000, p=0.003). 0.05 ㎎/㎖ of curcuma powder extract and the concentration of 0.5 ㎎/ ㎖ showed 100% antibacterial effect when exposed to light, whereas the concentration of 5 ㎎/㎖ showed 11.95% antibacterial effect. When exposed to light, 0.05 ㎎/㎖ of ginger powder extract showed an antibacterial effect which didn't statistically decrease. The concentrations of 0.5 ㎎/㎖ and 5 ㎎/㎖ did not show any antibacterial effects. As a result of examining any photodynamic therapeutic effects of finger root powder extract on S. mutans , no statistically significant effect was found. Conclusion: The curcuma powder extract is expected to perform as a photosensitizer. Even though belonging to the same ginger family, ginger powder and finger root powder seem difficult to perform as photosensitizer.
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Fluorescence change of Fusobacterium nucleatum due to Porphyromonas gingivalis
이민아,강시묵,김세연,김지수,김진범,정승화 한국미생물학회 2018 The journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.9
The aim of this study was to measure changes in the fluorescence of Fusobacterium nucleatum interacting with Porphyromonas gingivalis for excitation with blue light at 405-nm. P. gingivalis was mono- and co-cultivated in close proximity with F. nucleatum. The fluorescence of the bacterial colonies was photographed using a QLF-D (Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital) Biluminator camera system with a 405 nm light source and a specific filter. The red, green and blue intensities of fluorescence images were analyzed using the image analysis software. A fluorescence spectrometer was used to detect porphyrin synthesized by each bacterium. F. nucleatum, which emitted green fluorescence in single cultures, showed intense red fluorescence when it was grown in close proximity with P. gingivalis. F. nucleatum co-cultivated with P. gingivalis showed the same pattern of fluorescence peaks as for protoporphyrin IX in the red part of the spectrum. We conclude that the green fluorescence of F. nucleatum can change to red fluorescence in the presence of adjacent co-cultured with P. gingivalis, indicating that the fluorescence character of each bacterium might depend on the presence of other bacteria.
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