Focus and Inversion in English

강승만 ( Seung-man Kang ) 대한영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학연구 Vol.40 No.4

This paper delves into some interesting aspects of focus in relation to inversion. In this paper, I argue that inversion in English is a syntactic operation, in which the verb moves into the Focus head across the subject. I try to provide a unified and principled account of Locative Inversion constructions and Subject Aux Inversion constructions by postulating multiple Focus Phrase (FocP) positions: above vP and IP. First of all, by positing FocP above vP, the verb moves into Foc, which in turn attracts the subject into its Spec. Locative phrases are pulled up into Spec, IP to satisfy EPP, resulting in Locative Inversion. Second, positioning FocP above IP enables Aux to move into Foc likewise across the subject. This movement pulls up wh-phrases or negative phrases into Spec, FocP to be focused. The process of focalization in these two types of inversion constructions is established via spec-head agreement in a unified way. (Chungbuk National University)

Negation and Scope in English

강승만 ( Seung-man Kang ) 대한영어영문학회 2013 영어영문학연구 Vol.39 No.1

This paper delves into some interesting aspects of negation in terms of Negative Concord (NC), negation classification, and negative scope ambiguity in English. In this paper, I defend the view that English is an NC language and it thereby has the functional phrase NegP headed by Neg. The distinction, however, should be made between NC and DN (Double Negation), in which two negatives cancel each other out in order to yield one affirmative statement. As for the classification of negation, I argue that negation is virtually reduced to clausal versus phrasal negation. If the Neg head projects NegP selected by T, it is referred to as clausal negation. If a negator adjoins to any phrase, on the other hand, it is simply treated as a negative adverbial. Negation in English gives rise to scope ambiguity against negated elements, yielding a surface scope reading and an inverse scope reading. The inverse scope reading usually occurs when negated elements are focused via the stress or intonation. I propose that the focused elements and the Neg head share the focus (FOC) feature and they undergo feature checking by reconstruction at LF. (Chungbuk National University)

The Use of Non-restrictive Relative Clauses by Korean EFL Learners

Kang, Seung-Man(강승만) 새한영어영문학회 2015 새한영어영문학 Vol.57 No.4

English allows a variety of modes of modification by simple words, phrases, or clauses by placing modifying elements before or after the noun. On the contrary, Korean allows such modifying elements to appear only before the noun. If the modifying elements appear before the noun, this mode is called ‘attributive’ modification. On the contrary, if they appear after the noun, it is called ‘descriptive’ modification. As only attributive modification is allowed in Korean, it is highly expected that Korean EFL learners will have a hard time dealing with relative clauses, restrictive or non-restrictive, which modify their head noun in a descriptive way. Centering around non-restrictive relative clauses, this paper examines some grammatical properties of modification in English and delves into Korean EFL learners’ behavioral aspects of using them in their writing. For discussion, I conducted a survey among 31 Korean EFL learners and 10 native speakers of English. The findings of the survey reveal that Korean EFL learners employ a variety of strategies for connecting the matrix clause with the subsequent clause by means of relativization, restrictive or non-restrictive, coordination, subordination, and so on. I argue that they all result from a cross-linguistic difference between the two languages in terms of the mode of modification.

2차원 DCT basis 함수를 기반으로 한 이미지센서 응용

강승만(Seung Man Kang),홍상훈(Sang Hoon Hong) 대한전자공학회 2022 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.6

Raising and Default Case in ECM Constructions

Seung-Man Kang(강승만) 한국중원언어학회 2010 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.18

This paper delves into some ECM properties, centering around raising of the ECM subject across languages. In this paper, I argue that the alleged ECM construction does not involve raising. Rather, the alleged ECM subject is base-generated in the object position of the matrix verb and controls the subject of the embedded infinitival predicate. It follows that these two DPs, accusative and null, are in a thematic relation separately with a different predicate; the accusative-marked DP is the internal argument of the matrix verb, and the null DP, PRO, is the external argument of the embedded verb. I also propose a default Case analysis for corresponding Korean examples. The default Case mechanism assumes that nominative Case in Korean is assigned by default and its Case feature is inserted at a later stage in the spirit of a 'late insertion'. Tense in this mechanism is not responsible for nominative Case assignment. This analysis works well for Korean examples, in which PRO occupies the subject position of even a finite embedded clause under my non-raising analysis of the alleged Korean ECM constructions.

The Patterns of Coding English Sentences by Korean EFL Learners

강승만 ( Seung-man Kang ) 대한영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학연구 Vol.41 No.1

This paper briefly illustrates some basic properties of topic-prominent languages in the sense of Li & Thompson (1976), centering around the subject and the topic, and delves into some interesting aspects of how Korean EFL learners perceive English sentences in the topic-prominent language framework. Korean, as one of topic-prominent languages, is characterized to have a topic-comment information structure as opposed to a subject-predicate information structure in English. Accordingly, Korean EFL learners are shown to code English sentences based on this information structure. The topic-comment information structure reflects the survey results in which only an argument phrase is perceived as the subject of a sentence by most Korean EFL learners and is prominently topicalized if it is, in particular, in a canonical subject position. (Chungbuk National University)

Double Object Constructions: Indirect Objects as PP Goals

강승만 ( Seung-man Kang ) 대한영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학연구 Vol.37 No.4

This paper delves into some interesting aspects of double object constructions (DOC) in English and proposes the structure of DOC in terms of the applicative phrase (Bruening, 2010). I combine the DOC and the so-called prepositional dative construction into one unified construction where IO is projected as PP in the specifier of the applicative phrase either on the left or on the right. The head of PP may be null or overt; if it is null via P incorporation, it is disguised as NP. If it is overt, however, it is realized as PP either on the left or on the right of DO. The postulation of PP along with P incorporation can provide a principled account of an asymmetry in the passive of IO and DO in DOCs. The passive of DO in DOCs freely occurs, whereas that of IO in DOCs is highly restricted across ditransitive verbs among native speakers. The account in terms of PP Goal attributes this asymmetry to the existence of P, null or overt, hindering IO to be passivized out of PP, which is treated as a barrier in passivization in English. (Chungbuk National University)

패턴 선별을 이용한 패턴 학습 TCAM 메모리 구조 개선

김경민(Kyeong-Min Kim),강승만(Seung_Man Kang),이언경(Eon-Gyeong Lee),이동찬(Dong-Chan Lee),박성배(Seong-Bae Park),홍충선(Choong-Seon Hong),홍상훈(Sang-Hoon Hong) 대한전자공학회 2022 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.11

패턴 선별을 이용한 패턴 학습 TCAM 메모리 구조 개선 방법의 구현

김경민(Kyeong-Min Kim),한재훈(Jae-Hun Han),강승만(Seung-Man Kang),방민경(Min-Kyung Bang),박성배(Seong-Bae Park),홍충선(Choong-Seon Hong),홍상훈(Sang-Hoon Hong) 대한전자공학회 2023 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.6

This is a paper on the circuit implementation to improve the PIM artificial intelligence processor that recognizes patterns using TCAM. This method separates the memory space into minor and major, and even though the memory capacity is reduced by 84.4%, the accuracy can be maintained almost. Since the method of reading and writing memory data for separation causes a waste of time, time and area are saved by implementing the method through a shift register and D flip-flop. Using this method, it is possible to reduce the amount of memory used and to simplify the method of controlling it.