수중운동이 비만 여성 고령자의 보행 체력에 미치는 영향

강성선(Sung Sun Kang),소재무(Jae Moo So) 한국발육발달학회 2012 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercise on gait fitness in obese elderly women. The subject of this study was 27 elderly women who were over 60 years old and Aquatic Fall Prevention Programs were held twice a week for 16 weeks. The results were as follows; firstly, among the changes for Body Composition, there was a statistical significance in weight decreased from 57.65± 7.05 before aquatic exercise to 56.99±7.17 after the aquatic exercise (p<01). However, statistical significance was not found in AFR, Body fat, SMM. Secondly, the result of Lower Body ROM is that Hip Extension was improved after the aquatic exercise, but there was no statistical significance. However, statistical significance in Hip Flexion, Knee Flexion, Ankle Dorsi Flexing and Ankle Plantar Flexion was found between before and after the aquatic exercise (p<001). Thirdly, as a result of a Physical Fitness Test, Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Muscular Strength for the Lower Body, and Agility & Static Balance indicate statistical significance between before and after the aquatic exercise (p<001), as well as in Balance (p<01).

수중운동이 여성 고령자의 낙상관련 체력과 자세안정성에 미치는 영향

강성선(Sung Sun Kang),소재무(Jae Moo So),최혜정(Hye Jung Choi) 한국발육발달학회 2014 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The purposes of this study were investigate the body posture stability and fall related physical fitness in elderly women. Sixteen elderly women subjects were participated in this study (n=16, mean age:72.63±2~79.38±3.46yrs, mean BMI: 25.03±2.83~27.99±2.78). They were divided into two groups (aqua exercise group, n=8, control group, n=8). Participants were tested before and after the study to measure body composition, lower body (strength, flexibility), agility, balance(static, dynamic), time up and go(TUG)and tandem gait for functional fitness, also the body posture stability and advanced balance ability(limits of stability) were measured Biorescure(RM Ingenierie Co, France) which has % quarterly sector(RF, LF, RB, LB). Aqua exercise training program was performed for 50minutes per session, 3times per week for 12weeks. Data was analyzed with ANOVA for repeated measures, t-test using SPSS ver 19.0 program. As a result, There were significantly changed between group and period on body weight, %fat, and WHR in aqua exercise group(p<.05,p<.001). Lower body strength, agility also significantly changed between group and period. However tandem gait was no significant. Limits of stability with eye closed status was significantly changed in aqua group. In conclusion, 12weeks aqua exercise training was positive effect of fall related physical fitness and postural stability excepted BMI, tandem gait. These result could recommend that aqua exercise also one of prevention program of fall risk factors for elderly women.

비만 여성고령자의 수중운동 시 수심차이에 따른 신체구성 및 보행체력 효과

강성선(Kang, Sung-Sun),김재정(Kim, Jae-Jung),소재무(So, Jae-Moo) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to research changes in the body compositions and factors influencing gait fitness of obese elderly women in order to verify effects of the aquatic exercise performed in different depth of the water. Among the elderly women aged 60 to 70, 22 obese women who had more than 30 per cent of Body Fat Percent were chosen and they were divided into two groups; a group of the elderly women (n=11) performed the aquatic exercise in deep water, and the other group of the elderly women (n=11) performed the aquatic exercise in shallow water. They performed the exercise 50 minutes each time, twice a week, during a 16 week-period. It is considered that Composition of exercise programs which allocate the women adequately in either deep or shallow water depending on the women’s different fitness levels will lead to effective results.

오디와 누에 섭취가 rats의 저항성 운동에 따른 근육 증가에 미치는 영향

양성준 ( Sung Jun Yang ),김창용 ( Chang Yong Kim ),이조병 ( Jo Byoung Lee ),강성선 ( Sung Sun Kang ),이종진 ( Jong Jin Lee ) 한국잠사학회 2013 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.51 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of supplementation of mulberry powder, mulberry extract and silkworm powder during the 8 weeks of resistance exercise on muscle increase of rats. Fifty males, Sprague-Dawley rat, were randomly divided into 5 groups: CON (control group, n = 10), REG (resistance exercise group, n = 10), MP REG (mulberry powder intake and resistance exercise group, n = 10), ME REG (mulberry extract intake and resistance exercise group, n = 10) and SP REG (silkworm powder intake and resistance exercise group, n = 10). After climbing the ladder without weights during the 1 week of adaptation period, the rats in the resistance exercise group were trained to climb a 0.98-m vertical (80 degree incline) ladder with weights in their tail during 7 weeks (10 times each day, 2 days per week). After exercise, the skeletal muscle was extracted from the flexor hallucis longus. The absolute weight of skeletal muscle was measured by the electronic balance and the relative weight of skeletal muscle about the weight was calculated. The strength and density of legs muscle were analyzed by the computed tomography scan. After 8 weeks of resistance exercise, the absolute weight of skeletal muscle wasn`t significant, but it increased in MP REG 8%, ME REG 8% and SP REG 10% compared to REG. The relative weight of skeletal muscle increased significantly in SP REG compared to REG (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant increase of density and strength of the forelegs in SP REG compared to CON (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant increase of density and strength of the hind legs. In conclusion, regular resistance exercise made rats muscle increase and there was more muscle increase effected by providing silkworm.

오디와 누에 섭취가 rats의 저항성 운동에 따른 androgen receptor mRNA와 myogenic regulatory factors의 발현에 미치는 영향

양성준 ( Sung Jun Yang ),김창용 ( Chang Yong Kim ),이조병 ( Jo Byoung Lee ),강성선 ( Sung Sun Kang ),이종진 ( Jong Jin Lee ) 한국잠사학회 2013 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.51 No.2

he purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of supplementation of mulberry powder, mulberry extract and silkworm powder during the 8 weeks of resistance exercise on Androgen receptor (AR) mRNA and Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) expression of rats muscle. Fifty males, Sprague-Dawley rat, were randomly divided into 5 groups: CON(control group, n = 10), REG (resistance exercise group, n = 10), MP REG (mulberry powder intake and resistance exercise group, n = 10), ME REG (mulberry extract intake and resistance exercise group, n = 10) and SP REG(silkworm powder intake and resistance exercise group, n = 10). After climbing the ladder without weights during the 1 week of adaptation period, the rats in the resistance exercise group were trained to climb a 0.98-m vertical (80 degree incline) ladder with weights in their tail during 7 weeks (10 times each day, 2 days per week). After exercise, the skeletal muscle was extracted from the flexor hallucis longus. After separating the total ribonucleic acid (RNA) of each group, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze RNA quantitatively. AR mRNA and MRFs expression revealed that all of the treated groups had significantly difference. AR mRNA expression increased in ME REG 6.24 ± 1.85 and SP REG 9.68 ± 0.28 fold compared to CON. Myod mRNA expression increased in MP REG 6.04 ± 0.47, ME REG 4.31 ± 1.58 and SP REG 8.11 ± 0.57 fold compared to CON. And myogenin mRNA expression increased in MP REG 4.11 ± 0.42, ME REG 4.12 ± 0.45 and SP REG 6.50 ± 0.61 fold compared to CON. In conclusion, during the resistance exercise, providing mulberry and silkworm gives positive effect on AR mRNA and MRFs expression increase.

오디 추출물(Morus alba L.)의 혈행개선 효과

박연실(Youn-Sil Park),강성선(Seong-Sun Kang),최형자(Hyoung-Ja Choi),양성준(Sung-Jun Yang),손호형(Ho-Hyeong Shon),서형호(Hyeong-Ho Seo),정종문(Jong-Moon Jeong) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.4

본 연구에서는 다양한 생리활성물질을 다량 함유하고 있는 국내산(전라북도 부안군) 오디의 혈액순환장애의 개선 효과를 확인하기 위하여 in vitro 및 고지혈증 동물모델을 이용한 실험을 진행하였다. MBE가 DPPH 라디칼을 50% 소거하는 SC50값은 89.36±5.46 μg/mL로 정제되지 않은 복합물질임을 감안하면 다른 식물추출물에 비해 항산화능이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. RAW 264.7 세포 및 HepG2 세포에 대한 MBE의 세포독성은 2,500 μg/mL 이하의 농도를 처리한 경우 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. In vitro 실험에서 COX-2의 활성저해 효과를 측정한 결과 MBE의 IC50값은 215.94±18.15이었고, human LDL의 산화억제 효과는 최종반응 농도가 200 및 400 μg/mL일 경우 유의적인 감소(P<0.05)효과가 있었다. 또한 TNF-α에 의하여 활성화된 HUVECs에서 MBE가 증가된 ICAM-1 및 VCAM-1의 발현을 감소(P<0.05)시켰으며 LPS에 의하여 활성화된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 MBE가 증가된 COX-2 및 5-LO의 발현을 감소(P<0.05)시킴을 알 수 있었다. 고지혈증 동물모델을 이용한 실험에서 MBE의 일부 실험군(200 mg 및 400 mg/kg 체중/day, 14 days)에서 혈청 total cholesterol의 수치는 음성대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소(P<0.05)시켰으나 혈청C-reactive protein의 수치는 모든 실험군에서 음성대조군 대비 유의적으로 감소하지 않았다. 이러한 MBE의 항산화능, COX-2 활성억제 및 COX-2와 5-LO의 발현억제를 통한 염증억제, 혈중 total cholesterol 감소를 통한 이상지질혈증의 개선 효과 및 ICAM-1과 VCAM-1의 발현억제를 통한 혈관협착 방지의 효과들을 종합해 보면 오디추출물인 MBE가 혈액순환장애를 유발하거나 확대시키는 다양한 핵심요소들을 다각도로 개선시킴으로써 혈액순환장애의 예방과 치료에 긍정적인 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of mulberry extract (MBE) on blood flow improvement. The SC50 value for the DPPH radical scavenging activity of MBE was 89.36±5.46 μg/mL. Analysis of the cellular toxicity of MBE on RAW 264.7 and HepG2 cells showed no toxicity under a concentration of 2,500 μg/mL. We found that MBE inhibited the enzyme activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 as well as oxidation of human LDL. Western blotting analysis showed that MBE inhibited protein expression of COX-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, MBE inhibited protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, MBE reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol and C-reactive protein in a concentration-dependent manner. These results both in vitro and in vivo suggest that MBE can be employed for the improvement of blood flow.

무릎 관절염 환자들의 수중운동 프로그램 효과 고찰

임비오(Lim, Bee-Oh),강성선(Kang, Sung-Sun) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study was to presents a systematic review of the effectiveness of aquatic exercise for treatment of knee osteoarthritis. PubMed, CINAHL, Sport Discus and Research Information Sharing Service were screened from January 1980 to March 2016. Three authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed the included trials, and extracted data. Twenty two randomised, controlled clinical trials to aquatic exercise for adults with arthritis were included. The mean aquatic exercise frequency was 3 times a week, exercise intensity was 60-70% of maximal heart rate and exercise time was 30-60minutes. Water temperature was over 28°C and depth of water depends on load and stress acting on body. Aquatic exercise include warming up, stretching, muscle strength, aerobic, functional and balance exercise. To effective treatments of a knee osteoarthritis was reduced obesity. Aquatic exercise training can improve physical fitness, exercise capacity, balance and relieve pain. Aquatic exercise may provide a safe and effective alternative for those unable to participate in traditional exercise programmes.

Effect of Buan Mulberry on Metabolic Improvement in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Ju Taek Lee(이주택),Jae-Sung Ryu(류재성),Dong Hoon Kwak(곽동훈),Yun Jum Park(박윤점),Seong Sun Kang(강성선),Pyoung Jun Kim(김병준),Kyung-A Hwang(황경아),Young-Kug Choo(추영국) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.12

본 연구에서는 streptozotocin (STZ)에 의해 유도된 당뇨병 흰쥐를 이용하여 부안산 오디의 항 당뇨효과를 in vivo 실험을 중심으로 조사하였다. 기존의 연구는 주로 in vitro 실험을 통해 이루어 졌으며 일부 지역의 오디는 STZ에 의해 유도된 당뇨병 흰쥐에서 신진대사 증진, 항산화 및 체내 지방 저하 효과가 있음이 시사 되어졌다. 먼저, Sprague-Dawley 수컷 흰쥐를 난괴법을 통해 하나의 정상군(Normal)과 대조군(Diabetic), 인슐린 처리군(Insulin), 0.5% 오디 투여군(0.5% Mulberry), 1.0% 오디 투여군(1.0% Mulberry) 그리고 2.0% 오디 투여군(2.0% Mulberry) 등으로 분류 한 후 STZ로 당뇨병을 유도하였다. 부안산 오디를 STZ에 의한 당뇨병 흰쥐에 4주간 투여한 후 정상군과 비교 했을때 다양한 농도의 오디를 투여한 그룹에서 몸무게, 혈중 인슐린의 농도는 감소했지만, 신장무게, 혈당량, 요량 및 음수량은 증가하였다. 추가적으로 STZ에 의한 당뇨병 흰쥐와 이들 동물들에게 오디를 투여한 그룹을 비교한 결과 오디를 투여한 그룹은 신장 무게, 혈당, 요량 및 음수량이 확연히 감소하였다. 또한 오디를 투여한 그룹에서의 인슐린 농도는 대조군과 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이와 같은 연구결과로부터 부안산 오디는 향후 당뇨 합병증을 억제하기 위한 기능성 식품의 원료로 사용 되어질 가능성을 시사한다. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of Buan mulberries by using an insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus animal model. Several studies have shown that mulberries have metabolism- improving, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering properties in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In this study, Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to 1 normal control group and 5 STZ-induced diabetes groups: rats that had STZ-induced diabetes and did not receive any agents (diabetic group; negative control), rats that had STZ-induced diabetes and received insulin (insulin group; positive control), rats that had STZ-induced diabetes and received 0.5% mulberry extract (0.5% mulberry group), rats that had STZ-induced diabetes and received 1.0% mulberry extract (1.0% mulberry group), and rats that had STZ-induced diabetes and received 2.0% mulberry extract (2.0% mulberry group). Mulberry extracts were administered to the diabetic animals for 4 weeks. The rats that received mulberry extracts showed lower body weights and insulin levels, as well as higher kidney weights, blood glucose levels, urine quantities, and water intake in comparison with the normal controls. Further, the insulin concentrations in the mulberry-fed animals were higher than those in the diabetic group, and the kidney weights, blood glucose levels, urine quantities, and water intake in the mulberry-fed animals were lower than the corresponding values in the diabetic controls. These results suggest that mulberry may be an effective functional food to prevent diabetes-related complications.

축구 인사이드 페널티킥 동작 시 목표변화에 따른 하지분절의 운동학적 분석

소재무 ( Jae Moo So ),김재정 ( Jai Jeong Kim ),박혜림 ( Hye Lim Park ),강성선 ( Sung Sun Kang ) 한국운동역학회 2013 한국운동역학회지 Vol.23 No.2

시간변인을 살펴보면 Phase 2 구간에서는 T2의 시간변인이 T1에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 증가되었다. Chae 등 (2010)은 킥 시 불안정한 자세가 유발되면 강한 킥보다는 정확성을 높이기 위해 준비 시간을 증가시킬 수 있다고 하였다. 따라서 인사이드로 페널티 킥 하기 어려운 지점인 T2에 볼을 정확히 보내기 위해 Phase 2 구간의 시간을 증가시킨 것으로 생각되어진다. 우측 하지분절 질량중심의 X, Y축 선속도 결과를 보면 타겟의 위치와 관계없이 대퇴, 하퇴, 발분절의 순서로 최대 속도가 발생되고 있으며 Y축의 속도가 가장 크게 나타내어 모든 분절의 속도에 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이는 타격순간 끝 분절인 발의 속도를 최대로 증가시키기 위해 대퇴, 하퇴 분절의 순으로 최대속도 후 감속시키는 채찍동작의 형태를 나타낸다는 Hong 과 Kang(1997)의 연구와 일치한다. 그리고 LD 시점에서 대퇴와 하퇴 분절의 속도가 IP시점에서는 발 분절의 속도가 가장 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 LD 시점에서의 대퇴, 하퇴 분절의 속도가 임팩트 순간 발분절의 속도에 영향을 주는 요인으로 작용된다고 사료된다. 오른 발 질량중심의 선속도에서 LD, IP 시점에서 T2가 다른 타겟보다 Y축 방향의 선속도가 통계적으로 유의하게 감소되었다. 이는 Lim 과 Yoon (2002)의 연구에서 도움닫기 속도는 오른쪽 뜬공일 때 가장 느린 속도를 나타내며 도움닫기 속도를 달리하여 골키퍼의 타이밍을 어렵게 하는 동시에 정확성을 높이려는 것과 일치하는 결과이다. 관절각은 LD 시점에서 T1과 T2가 T3와 T4보다 Trunk 각이 크게 나왔으나 통계적으로 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과는 디딤발 착지 시 몸통 전 후경각은 네 곳의 목표 모두 수직축에 대하여 뒤쪽으로 기울어 졌으며, 왼 땅볼로 킥을 할 때 뒤쪽으로 가장 적게 기울이는 것으로 나타났다(Lim & Yoon, 2002)는 결과와 일치한다. 킥을 하는 선수는 차고자하는 방향에 관계없이 몸통각을 유지하여 킥을 할 수 있는 능력을 키우고, 골키퍼의 측면에서는 킥을 하는 선수의 몸통을 주시하는 것이 골을 막아낼 확률을 높일 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. LD, IP, FT 시점에서 T2가 다른 타겟보다 Right foot 각이 통계적으로 유의하게 증가한 것은 T2 즉 오른 위쪽으로 킥 할 때 오른발의 각도를 시계방향으로 더 벌려서 킥의 방향을 결정하는 것으로 생각된다. 왼 발의 각은 LD와 IP에서 모두Y 축과 시계방향 즉 오른쪽으로 향하고 있어 Lim & Yoon (2002)의 왼쪽으로 킥 할 때에는 왼발의 각도가 왼쪽으로 향하고 오른쪽으로 킥 할 때는 오른쪽으로 향한다는 연구결과와 상이 하였다. 이는 피험자들이 페널티킥 시 골키퍼에게 디딤발의 방향으로 킥의 방향을 읽히지 않으려는 것으로 사료된다. 각속도의 경우 LD 시점에서 T1과 T3가 T2와 T4보다 Right foot 각속도가 통계적으로 유의하게 음(-)의 방향으로 증가하였는데 이는 T1과 T3가 왼쪽에 위치하고 있어 왼발의 착지부터 오른발을 Y축의 시계반대방향으로 가속시켜 방향을 결정하는 것으로 생각되어진다. The purpose of this study was to provide data to increase the success rate of penalty kicks through quantifying the shape of skilled kicks by performing a kinematic analysis on the change of movement during the kicking phase which the goalkeeper uses as a vital clue. Three high definition video cameras(GR-HD1KR, JVC, Japan) were used for the study and 18 reflective markers were attached to the body joints. Corners of the goal, difficult for goalkeepers to block, were set as aims and 1 m by 1.2 m targets were installed. Each subject had five sets of kicks at random, and the analysis was done on the movements that hit the target. Time, speed of the right lower limb`s center of mass, joint angle, and angular velocity were chosen as factors and the results of the analysis showed statistical significance. The player taking a penalty kick should train to avoid leaning one`s body towards the kicking direction and change the angle of the right foot right before the impact to decide the direction of the ball. The goalkeeper can increase the save success rate by studying the angle of the kicker`s body and the right foot as well as the timing of the kick.