연구논문 : 지속가능성장 모형구축과 지속가능성 계측

강상목 ( Sang Mok Kang ),정영근 ( Young Keun Chung ),이명헌 ( Myung Hun Lee ) 한국환경정책학회 2011 環境政策 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this article is to construct sustainable growth models, measure sustainability of the different directions, and estimate the impact of CO2 reduction on GDP growth based on production frontier approach. TheOECDcountries showed high inefficiencies in the direction reducing only CO2 emission among the three directions for sustainable growths, while they reported low inefficiencies in the direction improving GDP and contracting CO2 emission simultaneously. The most efficient countries in the three directions were United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, and Ireland, whereas the most inefficient countries were Korea, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Czech Republic. The OECD countries were classified into four types according to each country`s position in the production frontier. Contracting CO2 emission by 3 percent and 6 percent in the actual GDP levels of the OECDcountries, the annual average GDP growth rates were reduced as much as 0.8 percent and 1.7 percent, respectively. The impact of CO2 reduction on the GDP growth of OECDcountries was different by each country`s types in the production frontier.

메타 프론티어를 이용한 기술효율과 생산성 비교: 한,중 제조업을 대상으로

강상목 ( Sang Mok Kang ),김문휘 ( Moon Hwee Kim ) 한국경제지리학회 2010 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.13 No.1

환경통계 작성체계의 방법론적 연구

강상목 ( Sang Mok Kang ) 한국환경영향평가학회 1997 환경영향평가 Vol.6 No.1

Environmental issues are currently in the forefront of the political and economic area both globaly and nationally. In the all spheres of socio-economic development and policy, it is suggested that there are need to measure environmental impacts and to produce and disseminate environmental statistics systematically for environmentally sound and sustainable development. Specially, because environmental statistics encompass a wide spectrum of sectors from the natural to the social sciences and are dispersed among various agencies, an organized approach and compilation methods in complicated fields such as environment are required. This article includes the methodology on the framework for development of environmental statistics to advance korean environmental statistics.

화석 연료와 온실가스 저감이 생산효율과 경제성장에 미치는 효과 - 전통적 접근과 MFA접근 비교 -

강상목 ( Sang Mok Kang ) 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회(구 한국환경경제학회) 2014 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 전통적 접근의 한계를 지적하고 물질균형 접근의 생산효율을 도입하여 두 생산효율의 차이와 2단계 효율, 오염규제의 경제성장에 미치는 영향 등을 비교하고자 함이다. 특히 상이한 국가들을 대상으로 세 그룹으로 구분하여 이들의 결과를 비교한다. 본 연구에서는 화석연료 투입물을 직접 연계된 CO2와 산출물과 연결시킴으로써 보다 현실에 가까운 생산효율을 측정하였다. 전통적 생산효율과 물질균형 효율비교에서 효율의 측정치는 세부적으로 살펴보면 상당한 차이가 있다. 특히 투입물인 화석연료를 고려하지 않을 경우 저소득국은 생산효율의 성과가 나쁘고 OECD와 중고소득이 보다 좋은 성과를 보인 것으로 나타나고 있어서 현실을 제대로 반영하지 못하고 있다. 물질흐름접근에 기초할 경우 저소득국의 성과가 OECD보다 높고 환경적 요인이 경제에 미치는 영향도 보다 완화된 것으로 확인된다. The purpose of this paper is to compare efficiencies, two stage efficiencies, and the reduction of economic growth due to the restraint of CO2 and fossil fuel in two efficiency approach by pointing out the limit of traditional efficiency approach and introducing material balance approach. The efficiencies under the traditional approach and the material balance approach report significant gaps when they are analyzed in detail. Especially, in case not including fossil fuels, the low income countries show the bad performance of production efficiencies, but OECD and high-middle income countries reveal the better performance than that of the low countries. It fails to reflect the reality justly. Based on the material balance approach, the low income countries report the higher performance and the alleviated effect of environmental components for economic growth than OECD`s.

한국의 항만물류산업의 성장회계 분석

강상목(Sang-mok Kang),박명선(Myung-sun Park) 한국항만경제학회 2007 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 한국의 항만물류산업의 성장회계분석을 통하여 경제성장의 기여요인을 분석하는 것이다. 1990∼2003년간 항만물류산업은 전 산업 평균에 비하여 총요소생산성과 노동의 기여도는 높고 자본스톡 기여도는 낮다. 외환위기 전후로 항만물류산업의 성장 패턴은 크게 변화하였다. 외환위기 이전, 1990∼1998년간 항만물류산업의 경제성장률은 14.1%로 전 산업 평균 경제성장률 7.7%보다 크게 높고 그 주된 기여요인도 자본스톡과 총요소생산성으로 나타나지만 이들의 기여도는 전 산업 평균에 미치지 못하였다. 외환위기 이후, 1998∼2003년간 항만물류산업의 경제성장률은 5.4%로 전 산업 평균(10.1%)에 크게 미치지 못하였고 경제성장에 대한 기여도는 자본스톡 13.1%, 노동 57.0%, 총요소생산성(성장률) 29.9%로 노동에 의존한 성장패턴이 총요소생산성의 성장률 저하와 함께 경제성장률을 격감시키는 결과를 초래하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze contribution factors of economic growth through growth accounting analysis in Korean port-logistics industry. Comparing with the average level of entire industry for 1990-2003, the contributions of total factor productivity and labor in port-logistics industry were high, but that of capital stock was very low. The pattern of growth in Korean port-logistics industry has greatly changed before and after Korean financial crisis. Before the 1997 financial crisis, the economic growth rate of port-logistics industry was 14.1%, which is higher than that of the whole industries, 7.7% for 1990-1998. Main contribution factors of the economic growth rate were the growth of capital stock and productivity, but ratios of their contributions were relatively low and did not come up to that for the whole industry. After the financial crisis, annualized growth rate of GDP in port-logistics industry had rapidly declined at 5.4% for 1998-2003, which did not get to that of the entire industry (10.1%). The main contribution factors of the economic growth rate over the 1998-2003 period were capital stock 13.1%, labor 57.0 %, and total factor productivity 29.9 %, Such growth pattern as excess dependence on growth of labor brought reduction of the rate of economic growth with degradation of productivity growth in the Korean port-logistics industry.

환경제약을 고려한 기술효율 및 생산성에 관한 연구

강상목 ( Sang Mok Kang ) 한국경제학회 2003 經濟學硏究 Vol.51 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to estimate technical efficiency and the loss of productivity under environmental constraints, and to examine the sustainability of industrial growth for 24 Korean industries. A hyperbolic measure based on the simultaneous success of production improvement and pollution reduction is mainly used as the measure of the sustainable growth. Technical efficiency and loss of productivity under environmental constraints were very different among the 24 Korean industries. The industries that showed a lower growth rate of real output than that of the national real GDP, a low technical efficiency, and the loss of productivity under environmental constraints are difficult to expect industrial competitiveness and sustainable growth. The environmental constraints had a significant effect on the technical efficiency and productivity in most industries. Of these coke-refined and petroleum, basic metals, and chemicals and chemical products that belong to the heavy industry showed a higher level of technical efficiency than light industry, implying that environmental constraints did not change the fundamental gaps of the technical efficiencies among industries. The counter-measures to overcome the environmental constraints that the Korean industries have confronted might include 1) greening industry minimizing material use and 2) structural change substituting unsustainable industries with low technical efficiency into fast, highly sustainable industries with environmental friendliness.

한,중 제조업의 효율성, 생산성 변화와 오염잠재가격 비교

강상목 ( Sang Mok Kang ),정종필 ( Jong Pil Jeong ),이근재 ( Keun Jae Lee ),송국군 ( Guo Jun Song ) 한국환경경제학회 한국자원경제학회 2009 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.18 No.2

중국의 에너지규제가 생산효율과 온실가스감축에 미치는 영향

강상목 ( Sang Mok Kang ),이양 ( Yang Li ),박혜란 ( Hae Ran Park ) 현대중국학회 2013 現代中國硏究 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 중국의 30 개성을 대상으로 에너지 규제가 생산효율과 환경효율에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 2000-2009년간 에너지 규제가 없는 강처분 하의 생산효율은 동부가 가장 효율적이다. 반면 에너지규제가 있는 약처분 하의 생산효율에서 중부가 두 효율의 가장 큰 격차를 보임으로써 에너지 규제의 영향을 가장 크게 받았다. 주어진 에너지 수준에서 환경효율은 동부가 가장 좋았다. 에너지를 단계적으로 감소시켰을 때 세 지역 모두 환경효율은 미미한 감소를 보였다. 이는 중국의 에너지 규제가 거의 실효가 없음을 의미한다. 앞으로 중국의 온실가스를 절감하려면 강제력을 가진 에너지 규제의 제도화가 필요할 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of energy regulation for production efficiency and environmental efficiency focusing on Chinese 30 provinces. In the production efficiency under strong disposability without energy regulation, the eastern region is the most efficient for 2000-2009. But, in the production efficiency under weak disposability with energy regulation, the middle region reported the most impact by showing a big gap between two efficiencies under the strong and weak disposabilities. The eastern region displayed the highest environmental efficiency given actual energy level. Reducing energy use by stage, we found that environmental efficiencies for three regions reduced little. It implies that Chinese energy regulation did not make effect practically. In the future, China needs institutionalization of energy regulation with enforcement.

여행업체의 지출예산 제약이 이윤효율에 미치는 영향

강상목(Kang, Sang-Mok),공지영(Kong, Ji-young),성신제(Sung, Sin-je) 한국관광레저학회 2015 관광레저연구 Vol.27 No.2

한국의 종합환경지수 산정에 대한 재고찰

강상목(Sang Mok Kang),이명헌(Myung Hun Lee) 한국환경경제학회 한국자원경제학회 2000 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.9 No.3