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도로표시 규정 및 글라스비드 동향과 자율주행차량 시대를 대비한 제언
강병국,강승구,Kang, Byeongguk,Kang, Seunggu 한국결정성장학회 2019 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.29 No.5
야간이나 악천후에서도 높은 도로의 차선인식률을 유지하기 위해, 통상 재귀반사(retro-reflectivity) 특성이 뛰어난 고 굴절률의 글라스비드(glass bead)를 도로표시 페인트 위에 도포한다. 국가별로 일반 도로표시의 재귀반사 기준이 다르며, 국내는 백색광 기준으로 $240mcd/m^2{\cdot}lux$, 선진국들은 $250{\sim}300mcd/m^2{\cdot}lux$로 규정되어있다. 본 논문에서는 도로표시 관련 규정과 글라스비드에 대한 동향에 대하여 고찰하고, 향후 자율주행차량 상용화에 대비하여 규정 기준치 및 글라스비드물성 향상 필요성에 대하여 논의하였다. For maintaining high visibility of lane, the high refractive index glass beads with excellent retro-reflectivity are usually applied on the road marking paint. The retro-reflectivity standard of general road marking is different in each country; it is defined as $240mcd/m^2{\cdot}lux$ based on white light in Korea and $250{\sim}300mcd/m^2{\cdot}lux$ in developed countries. In this paper, the recent trends on the manufacturing technology of glass beads suitable for autonomous driving age as well as the road marking regulations has been reviewed. Also, in preparation for the commercialization of autonomous vehicles in the future, the necessity of raising the standard value and improving the glass bead properties were proposed.
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강병국(Kang, Byeong-Kuk) 서강대학교 인문과학연구소 2021 서강인문논총 Vol.- No.60
오늘날 조선통보(朝鮮通寶)는 조선시대에 처음 주조되었으리라는 것이 당연한 상식처럼 받아들여지고 있다. 하지만 정작 이에 대한 조선시대 학자들의 생각은 각각 고조선, 고려, 조선 세종조로 보는 세 가지 견해가 존재했던 것이다. 이를 조선시대에 처음 주조한 것이라고 확정지어 공표한 것은 일제시대 일인학자들의 연구논문에 의한 것이다. 하지만 이들은 이미 조선시대의 많은 학자들이 조선통보에 대해 검토하고 관련 서술을 남겼다는 사실을 알지 못한 채, 자신들이 『조선왕조실록』에서 세종조의 주조기록을 처음 발견한 것으로 생각했을 뿐이다. 그 결과 이 사실 하나만을 근거로 첫 주조시기를 조선시대로 단정했던 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이들의 연구는 초창기에 정식으로 학술지에 공표됨으로써 후대의 학자들에게 결정적 영향을 미쳤고, 이후 더 이상의 연구검토가 이루어지지 않은 채 당연한 상식으로 굳어졌다. 하지만 현전하는 사료와 유물을 종합해서 검토하면 조선통보는 조선이 아니라 고려에서 처음 주조된 동전이다. 『조선왕조실록』의 주조 기록은 첫번째 주조가 아니라 두번째 주조였던 것이다. 그러므로 조선통보의 첫 주조시점에 대한 오해가 그대로 방치될 경우 역사 해석에 왜곡을 초래할 위험이 있다. 조선통보 유물은 지금도 전국각지에서 계속 출토되는데, 이러한 동전 유물의 첫 주조시점은 관련 유물의 상한 연대를 결정짓는 근거로 활용되기 때문이다. 고려시대의 유적이 조선시대의 유적으로 오해될 수 있는 것이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 사료와 유물을 검토함으로써 조선통보가 조선이 아닌 고려에서 처음 주조되었다는 역사적 사실을 밝혔다. 또한 고려왕조의 조선통보와 조선 인조조의 조선통보는 그 전문(錢文)의 서체가 팔분서(八分書)로 동일하지만, 동전의 무게를 통해 양자를 구분할 수 있다는 사실도 아울러 밝혔다. It is a widely accepted fact these days that Chosun-Tongbo coin was first minted during the Chosun Dynasty. However, the scholars from the Chosun Dynasty actually had three different opinions about this, which considered the Old-Chosun(古朝鮮) Dynasty, the Koryeo Dynasty and the Chosun Dynasty. It is the research paper written by Japanese scholars during the Japanese colonial era which confirmed that Chosun-Tongbo had been minted for the first time during the Chosun Dynasty. However, those Japanese scholars did not understand that the scholars from the Chosun Dynasty had already researched and written about Chosun-Tongbo, and supposed that they first discovered records about the mint by the king Sejong(世宗) in Chosunwangjosillok(朝鮮王朝實錄). Based upon this alone, they presumably concluded that it had been minted for the first time during the Chosun Dynasty. Nonetheless, their research was officially presented in a journal , which had a critical influence on other scholars later on, and then became a widely accepted fact without any further review and verification. However, based on the comprehensive review of existing historical archives and artifacts, Chosun-Tongbo was first minted during the Koryeo Dynasty, not the Chosun Dynasty. The records about the mint by the king Sejong in Chosunwangjosillok was about the second mint, not the first one. So, there is a risk of distorting history understanding if the misunderstanding on when Chosun-Tongbo was first minted were left undiscussed. The artifacts of Chosun-Tongbo are still being excavated from all over the country and the timing of the first mint is a critical basis to set the upper limit for the chronology of any related artifacts. Artifacts from the Koryeo Dynasty might be misstated as being from the Chosun Dynasty. Hereupon, this paper verifies through comprehensive study and review of historical records and artifacts that Chosun-Tongbo was first minted during the Koryeo Dynasty, not the Chosun Dynasty. It further affirms that Chosun-Tongbo from the Koryeo Dynasty and that from the Chosun Dynasty"s king Injo(仁祖) period can be distinguished based on their weights even though the calligraphy on the front is identical palbunseo(八分書) on both.
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강병국 ( Byung Kook Kang ),박남선 ( Nam Seon Park ),진대호 ( Dae Ho Jin ),안태홍 ( Tae Hong Ahn ),박민범 ( Min Bom Park ),이기조 ( Key Jo Lee ),한윤주 ( Yoon Ju Han ),박효진 ( Hyo Jin Park ) 대한소화기학회 2008 대한소화기학회지 Vol.52 No.2
Brunner`s gland adenoma is a rare tumor of duodenum. Patients are usually aymptomatic and most are discovered incidentally during the upper gastrointestinal (GI) series or esophagogastroduodenoscopy. These lesions are most commonly located in the duodenal bulb and clinical manifestations are variable. In symptomatic patients, the most common manifestations are GI hemorrhage and duodenal obstruction. On histologic examination, Brunner`s gland adenoma that causes clinical symptoms is composed of hyperplastic Brunner`s glands and contains mostly an admixture of glandular, adipose, and muscular tissues. We report a case of large Brunner`s gland adenoma causing upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a 47-year-old woman which was successfully removed by endoscopic resection without complications such as bleeding or perforation. Microscopically, it was entirely composed of variable Brunner`s glands. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2008;52:106-109)
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삼상유도전동기 권선저항 측정이 효율 산출에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
강병국(Byung-Guk Kang),김광민(Kwang-Min Kim),이주(Ju Lee) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2016 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.30 No.3
3phase induction motor consumes 40% of national electric power. so It is one of the most important electric device for the national power policy. The efficiency measurement is carried out by IEC standards. After the temperature rise test, It’s difficult to measure the winding resistance immediately. because of inertia and power cut-off time. Therefore, IEC standards suggest the measurement time. But during the measurement time, the winding temperature cools down. It causes the value of winding resistance is variable. Several conditions which possibly occurred by the measurement time of IEC 60034-1 are suggested. and The efficiency evaluation of 3phase induction motors is carried out by IEC 60034-2-1 with the several conditions. As the results, we find out the winding resistance rapidly goes down within 15 sec. so It proves that the winding resistance should be measured within 15 sec. for the efficiency evaluating of 3phase induction motor.
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강병국(Kang Byeong-kuk) 한국역사연구회 2019 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.112
The existing point of view on Hyang’yak Gugeub-bang is as follows: Hyang’yak Gugeub-bang was first published by the Goryeo government’s Daejang Dogam office. This first edition remained in the early years of Joseon, as some of its contents were included in Hyang’yak Jeseng Jibseong-bang and Hyang’yak Jibseong-bang. It was also used as an original copy for Choi Ja-ha, who published duplicate copies of Hyang’yak Gugeub-bang. But a question is being asked regarding the existing point of view, as a omparative examination of these three texts reveals that during transmission (of handwritten versions) quite a few changes were made to the original text. First of all, the original author clarified (in the epilogue) that he was finalizing the edition with total of 53 chapters, yet the current version we have contains 57, most possibly a result of someone adding four extra chapters in mid-transmission. Survey indicates that someone first added chapters named ‘Bog’yak-beob(服藥法, Ways to take medicine)’ and ‘Yakseong Sangban(藥性相反, Differences in medicine’s effects),’ and the contents table in the current version was evidently created after such additions were made. Also found are other discrepancies in terms of ‘chapter titles’ between those in the Contents table and the actual titles in the Main section, which may have also been caused by further modifications by more than one individual. Then we can see that later ‘Suhab-beob(修合法)’ and ‘Bangjung Hyang’yak-mok(方中鄕藥目) Chobu(草部)’ chapters were added as well, without updating the contents table accordingly, which seems to be the reason for the current Contents table lacking those titles. The original date of the first ever publication of Hyang’yak Gugeub-bang during the Goryeo period is unknown. But it seems it had to have been after the publication of ‘Shin Sangseo-bang(愼尙書方, Prescriptions from Sangseo Shin).’ And later while being transmitted, Hyang’yak Gugeub-bang went through extensive changes, and the Daejang Dogam office created a publication based on all those handwritten versions. Choi Ja-ha must have possessed one of such handwritten versions, and published it in 1417, the version that we have today. In other words, the original copy he used in publishing his duplicate version of Hyang’yak Gugeub-bang must have been a handwritten version, and not the published one.
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