Induction of Functional Changes of Dendritic Cells by Silica Nanoparticles

강경아,임종석 대한면역학회 2012 Immune Network Vol.12 No.3

Silica is one of the most abundant compounds found in nature. Immoderate exposure to crystalline silica has been linked to pulmonary disease and crystalline silica has been classified as a Group I carcinogen. Ultrafine (diameter <100nm) silica particles may have different toxicological properties compared to larger particles. We evaluated the effect of ultrafine silica nanoparticles on mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) and murine dendritic cell line, DC2.4. The exposure of dendritic cells (DCs) to ultrafine silica nanoparticles showed a decrease in cell viability and an induction of cell death in size- and concentration-dependent manners. In addition, in order to examine the phenotypic changes of DCs following co-culture with silica nanoparticles, we added each sized-silica nanoparticle along with GM-CSF and IL-4during and after DC differentiation. Expression of CD11c, a typical DC marker, and multiple surface molecules such as CD54, CD80, CD86, MHC class II, was changed by silica nanoparticles in a size-dependent manner. We also found that silica nanoparticles affect inflammatory response in DCs in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that p38 and NF-κB activation may be critical for the inflammatory response by silica nanoparticles. Our data demonstrate that ultrafine silica nanoparticles have cytotoxic effects on dendritic cells and immune modulation effects in vitro and in vivo.

고객 건강에 기여하는 Fir st & Best 식문화 기업 동원F&B

강경아 한국식품영양과학회 2018 식품산업과 영양 Vol.23 No.1

암 환아 가족의 아동 호스피스 요구도

강경아,김신정,김영순,Kang, Kyung-Ah,Kim, Shin-Jeong,Kim, Young-Soon 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2004 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.7 No.2

목적: 본 연구는 암환아 가족의 호스피스 요구도를 파악하여 앞으로 암 환아 간호시, 대상자의 요구에 적절한 호스피스 간호를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 시도되었다. 방법: 자료수집은 2004년 2월부터 7월까지 서울의 2개 대학병원에서 암으로 진단 받고 입원한 아동의 가족 104명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자의 아동 호스피스 요구도를 측정하기 위해서는 아동 호스피스에 대한 국내 외 문헌고찰과 아동 호스피스 전문가와 관련자, 암 환아 가족 20명을 대상으로 면담하여 개발한 암 환아 가족의 아동 호스피스 요구 측정도구[10]를 사용하였다. 결과: 1. 대상자의 아동 호스피스 요구 정도는 4점 만점에 $2.77{\sim}4.00$점의 범위로 평균 3.41점(.38)으로 높게 나타났다. 각 요인에 따른 요구정도는 아동의 정서적 간호 말기 주요 신체적 증상의 조절, 2차적인 생리적 문제의 조절, 가족이 어려움 수용, 죽음준비를 위한 영적 돌봄의 순으로 나타났다. 2. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 아동 호스피스의 요구 정도는 아동 어머니의 연령(F==4.980, P=.009), 형제나 친척 중 암 환자의 유무(t=2.423, P=.017)에 따라서만 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉, 대상자의 아동 호스피스 요구정도는 어머니의 연령이 $36{\sim}40$세인 경우가 요구 정도가 가장 높고 35세 이하인 경우가 가장 낮았으며 형제나 친척 중 암 환자가 있는 경우가 없는 경우보다 요구 정도가 더 높았다. 결론: 아동 호스피스에 대한 암 환아 가족의 요구 정도는 정서적, 신체적, 사회적, 영적 돌봄의 순으로 나타나 가족이 자녀의 죽음을 앞두고 자녀의 신체적 증상관리와 함께 자신의 죽음에 대한 이해가 어려운 자녀의 불안과 두려움을 경감시켜주기 원하는 부모의 특성이 파악되었다. 또한 호스피스에 대한 요구도는 높았으나 자녀에 대한 호스피스 돌봄의향은 낮게 나타나 암 환아 부모들이 적극적인 치료와 호스피스에 대한 양가감정을 가지고 있음을 유추해 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 암 환아 가족들을 위해 간호사가 제공해야 하는 호스피스 돌봄의 방향을 제시하고 있다고 생각되며 이를 위해서는 호스피스 관련 기관뿐만 아니라 국가적 차원의 아동 호스피스에 대한 관심과 지원이 요구된다고 생각한다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the need for child hospice care programs in families of children with cancer. Methods: The survey of 104 families who were taking care of children with cancer was conducted. This survey was conducted from February 2004 to July 2004 at two general hospitals in Seoul. The data were collected through a self-reporting questionnaire of 22 items. The items were classified into five areas by factor analysis to identify the construct validity. The reliability of the tool was established by Cronbach's alpha as .94 and the data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results: 1) The degree of need for hospice care of the subjects showed a high average of 3.40 (${\pm}3.8$). The need for 'emotional care of children' showed the highest mean (M=3.55), 'management of terminal physical symptoms'(M=3.49), 'control of secondary physical problems' (M=3.41), 'acceptance of the family's difficulty' (M=3.20), 'spiritual care for preparing for death'(M=3.17), respectively. 2) With respect to the demographic characteristics of the subjects, there were statistically significant differences in hospice care needs, according to the child's mother's age (F==4.980, P=.009), whether or not there were cancer patients among their siblings or relatives (t=2.423, P=.017). Conclusion: The family of children with cancer have a heavy burden of ambivalence, especially in relieving the anxiety and fear of their children, communicating about death, and managing physical symptoms. Child hospice care must be provided considering the needs of families of children with cancer. Thus popular needs as well as hospice nurses' higher concern and support for hospice care of children require further education and program development to meet the current demands.

메뉴스토리텔링이 SNS구전의도에 미치는 영향 : 고객만족의 매개효과

강경아,김경자,강혜영 관광경영학회 2021 관광경영연구 Vol.104 No.-

In this study, the interest, uniqueness, and differentiation of menu storytelling in the restaurant market were examined by examining the relationship between the influence of SNS word of mouth intention, and the mediating effect of customer satisfaction between menu storytelling and SNS word of mouth intention, and seeking ways to sustain customer satisfaction. , to encourage small business owners to use menu storytelling for marketing. An empirical analysis was conducted through a questionnaire of 382 copies for customers who visit Gyeongju menu storytelling. It was confirmed that menu storytelling (interestingness, uniqueness, differentiation) had a significant effect on SNS word of mouth intention, and customer satisfaction plays a mediating role between menu storytelling and SNS word of mouth intention. It presents practical implications that a lively word-of-mouth effect can be expected through SNS through the development and composition of menu storytelling that emphasizes interest and differentiation from competitors through customer satisfaction through menu storytelling.

한약재에서의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과 검색

강경아,한상숙,이무형,김연정 경희대학교 동서간호학연구소 2008 동서간호학연구지 Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: To screen candidate oriental herb material for antimelanogenics. Methods: Oriental herbs (n=100) were screened for mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro using the HM3KO human melanin cell line cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Cytotoxicity was assessed by a cell viability assay involving 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Trypan Blue exclusion, and cell enumeration. Results: Tyrosinase inhibitory effects on 100 oriental herbs was evident. Of these, 11 herbs inhibited tyrosinase activity by 40% without being cytotoxic to HM3KO cells. Three herb varieties significantly decreased melanin synthesis in HM3KO cells. Conclusions: Oriental herb can have antimelanogenic effects indicating their potential for functional therapeutic use in dermatological whitening

임상실습 시 간호학생의 성희롱 인식 정도가 성희롱 대처유형에 미치는 영향

강경아 기초간호학회 2018 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the awareness of sexual harassment and the coping behavior of recipients of sexual harassment. This study also assesses the factors that influence the coping behavior of nursing students during clinical practice. Methods: For this descriptive study, data were collected from November 15 to December 15, 2017. Participants included 221 nursing students recruited from nursing colleges located in three different areas. Results: 22% of the participants answered that they had experienced sexual harassment. Regarding the type of attacker, the majority of attacker was patient(83.7%). The sexual harassment awareness level was 4.22±0.40, the degree of coping for those who experienced sexual harassment was 2.99±0.38. Among the coping behaviors, mitigation (3.48±0.39) was the highest. The factors influencing the coping behavior of recipients of sexual harassment were sexual harassment awareness (β=0.24, p=.016) and satisfaction with preventive education(β=0.45, p<.001). Conclusion: In order to make a safe clinical practice environment, it is necessary to develop a practical sexual harassment prevention program, as well as a reporting and support system for the nursing students. Such a program will help students clearly recognize the sexual harassment situation and increase their abilities to cope with sexual harassment appropriately.

말기 환자 가족 영적요구 측정도구의 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증

강경아,최영심,김예진 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2018 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of an instrument that measures spiritual needs of families of terminal cancer patients. Methods: This methodological study was processed as follows: 1) The preliminary 26 items were developed based a conceptual framework of spiritual needs of families of patients with cancer. 2) The content was validated by an expert panel (Three nursing professors and five hospice nursing specialists). 3) The instrument was validated by a survey (n=111). 4) Twenty-six items were selected and used for the final version of the scale. Results: Three factors were extracted through factor analysis: ‘relationship with God/Acceptance of dying’, ‘recovery of relationship/hope and peace’, and ‘meaning and purpose of life’. These factors explained 61.088% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha and Guttman split-half coefficient of the 26 items were 0.944 and 0.826 respectively. Conclusion: This scale was identified as a valid and reliable tool. Therefore, the scale is useful in assessing spiritual needs of families of terminal cancer patients in the field of hospice and palliative care. 목적: 말기암환자 가족의 영적요구도를 측정하기 위한 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하기 위한 연구이다. 방법: 본 연구는 1) 예비문항의 작성 2) 내용타당도 검증 3) 신뢰도와 타당도 검증 4) 최종문항 선정 과정에 따른 방법론적 연구이다. 결과: 요인분석을 통해 ‘신과의 관계/죽음 수용’, ‘관계성 회복/희망과 평화’, ‘삶의 의미와 목적’의 3가지 요인이 추출되었다. 이 요인들은 총 변량의 61.088%를 설명하였으며, Cronbach’s alpha 값은0.944, Guttman 반분 신뢰도 계수는 0.826으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 도구는 신뢰도와 타당도를 지닌 도구임이 확인되었다. 이에호스피스 완화의료 분야에서 말기암환자 가족의 영적요구도를 사정할 때 활용도가 높은 도구라고 본다.

공공형어린이집 제도 개선을 위한 공공형어린이집 선정 및 운영에 대한 원장 인식 연구 -대전, 충남지역 공공형어린이집 원장을 대상으로-

강경아,박영선,정은주 한국유아교육ㆍ보육복지학회 2017 유아교육·보육복지연구 Vol.21 No.2

The objective of this research study was to survey the designation and operation as Accredited Public Type Child Care Centers and the perception of the accreditation program activities against the principals of the Accredited Public Type Child Care Centers and to provide the basic reference research and data required to improve the program policies for designating and operating Accredited Public Type Child Care Centers. The child care centers included in the research were 101 principals operating and managing Accredited Public Type Child Care Centers in the Daejun and South Chungcheong Province regions. The research was conducted using a questionnaire survey developed based on the work manuals of Public Type Child Care Centers. results first confirmed that the proper recognition of the Accreditation Systems of Public Type Child Care Centers are important for qualitatively improving the level of childcare services and that continuous efforts to maintain and manage the accreditation status were conducted. Second, while the results confirmed that there were mostly positive perceptions regarding the selection criteria of the Accreditation Systems, for the maintenance rate of the total number students needing to be enrolled at the institution, there were perceptions that viewed these criteria as inappropriate. Third, while the results confirmed that there were mostly positive perceptions regarding the management of Public Type Child Care Centers, for the weekday operating hour guidelines and the one-strike out policy, there were perceptions that viewed these policies as inappropriate. Fourth, the results confirmed that there were many opinions that considered realistic support and subsidies for management and operation needed to be implemented at a policy level, and that also there was a need for the childcare policies implemented by the government needed to be improved. This research is significant for discovering that realistically improving the selection and operation standards of Public Type Child Care Centers and improving the policy for realistic support and subsidies for the Public Type Child Care Centers is necessary. 본 연구의 목적은 공공형어린이집 공인인증을 받은 기관의 원장들을 대상으로 공공형어린이집 선정과운영, 활성화에 대한 인식 조사를 하고, 이를 토대로 공공형어린이집 선정 및 운영에 대한 제도 개선을위해 필요한 기초 자료를 마련하고자 하는데 있다. 연구의 대상은 대전과 충남지역에서 공공형어린이집을 운영하고 있는 원장 101명이다. 연구도구는 공공형어린이집 업무메뉴얼의 내용을 기초로 하여 개발한질문지를 사용하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 공공형어린이집 공인인증 제도 인식은 보육서비스의 질적인 수준향상을 위해 필요하며 공인인증의 유지 및 관리를 위해 많은 노력을 지속하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 공공형어린이집 선정기준에 대한 인식은 대부분 적절하다고 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났지만, 어린이집의 정원 충족률 유지에 대한 항목에서는 부적절하다고 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 공공형어린이집 운영에 대해서는 대체적으로 적절하다고 인식하고 있었지만, 평일 운영시간 및 원스트라이크 아웃 제도에 대해서는 부적절하다고 인식하고 있었다. 넷째, 공공형어린이집의 활성화 방안에 대한인식은 제도적으로 운영비지원의 현실화가 되어야 한다는 의견이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 위한 정부의 보육정책이 개선되어야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 공공형어린이집의 선정 및 운영 기준이좀 더 현실을 반영한 기준들로 개선되고 재정지원의 현실화를 위한 제도 개선이 필요하다는 것을 발견한 것에 의의가 있다.

애니메이션 영화를 활용한 초등영어 교수·학습 모형의 개발 및 적용

강경아,이제영,황치복 대한영어영문학회 2018 영어영문학연구 Vol.44 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of utilizing animation movies for teaching English language to elementary school students on their affective domain. To achieve these goals, 22 5th-grade students have learned English by using animation movie Finding Dory 12 times for a month. The students were given questionnaires for analyzing the effects of the treatment on the learner’s interest, confidence, participation and anxiety before and after the experiment. Paired-sample t-tests were implemented to find out whether the mean differences between two tests are statistically significant. The results indicated that a statistically significant improvement in the students’ interest and confidence. There were, however, no statistically significant differences in participation and anxiety. Based on the results of this study, pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research were discussed.

버스 타실래요? 외 1편

강경아 고요아침 2022 열린시학 Vol.27 No.4