“반값 아파트 공급·주택 예약제 통해 집값 안정”

김동연 관훈클럽 2022 관훈저널 Vol.- No.163

국가직무능력표준 개발 전문가들이 인식하는 NCS 기반 직업교육과정 개발 절차 모형의 타당화

김동연,김진수 대한공업교육학회 2015 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.40 No.1

The objective of this study is to develop NCS-based vocational curriculum proceduresdeveloping models recognized by experts in the National Skill Standards and to verify them. As for a research method for efficiently achieving this study, Delphi research has beenconducted three times based on the result of preliminary Delphi investigation, contents ofin-depth interview (review and advice), and consideration of previous studies and literatureresearch related to NCS in Korea and abroad. Major results of study in regard of validation ofNCS-based vocational curriculum procedures developing models recognized by experts ofNational Skill Standards are as follows. First, validity of conceptual model(plan) of NCS-based vocational curriculum developingprocedures was verified. According to the result of implementing it on 10 members of verificationfor Delphi preliminary investigation tools, the average was higher than 4.70, and validity ofcontents was turned out to be outstanding in 1.00. Secondly, validity of conceptual model(plan)of NCS-based vocational curriculum developing procedures was verified by using Delphipreliminary investigation tools. According to the result of verifying it in order on 10 membersof verification for Delphi preliminary investigation tools, validity of contents on questions ineach area from the development procedures model(plan) was all 1.00, and appropriateness ofcontents on the components was turned out to be outstanding in 1.00. In addition, validity ofcontents on interrelation and comprehensiveness of components in the development proceduresmodel(plan) was all turned out to be very satisfying in 1.00. Third, Delphi investigation wasimplemented in three rounds on 26 Delphi panel members for the verification. As a resultconsistency rate of interrelation and comprehensiveness among questions in each area ofdevelopment procedures model(plan), components on the contents, and elements was turnedout to be outstanding in .75 from all of three rounds. Here, consistency rate from all threerounds was turned out to be 1.00, and convergence rate was shown to be .00 that very wellsatisfied the conditions(except for 1 question out of 29). Therefore, it was confirmed that opinion from Delphi panel members was completelyconsistent in the third round of Delphi investigation research. Such a result in the study wasfrom how Delphi selection criteria were strictly reinforced, and, at the same time, implies howwill of participation of Delphi panel members was important. 이 연구의 목적은 국가직무능력표준 개발 전문가들이 인식하는 NCS 기반 직업교육과정 개발 절차의 모형을 개발하고 이를 타당화하는 데 있다. 이 연구를 효과적으로 달성하기 위한 연구 방법은 NCS 국내․외 관련 선행 및 문헌 연구 고찰, 전문가의 심층 면담(검토․자문) 내용과 델파이 예비 조사를 거친 결과를 토대로 델파이연구를 3회 실시하였다. 이와 같이 국가직무능력표준 개발 전문가들이 인식하는NCS 기반 직업교육과정 개발 절차 모형의 타당화에 관한 주요 연구 결과는 다음과같다. 첫째, NCS 기반 직업교육과정 개발 절차의 개념적 모형(안)에 대한 타당성을 검증하였다. 델파이 예비 조사 도구 검증 위원 10명을 대상으로 검증한 결과, 전체 평균이 4.70 이상이고 내용 타당도는 모두 1.00으로 매우 타당하게 나타났다. 둘째,NCS 기반 직업교육과정 개발 절차 모형(안)에 대한 타당성을 델파이 예비 조사 도구를 사용하여 검증하였다. 델파이 예비 조사 도구 검증 위원 10명을 대상으로 다음과 같이 순차적으로 검증한 결과, 개발 절차 모형(안)의 영역별 문항에 대한 내용 타당도가 모두 1.00이고 내용의 구성 요소에 대한 내용 타당도 또한 모두 1.00으로 매우 타당하였다. 그리고 개발 절차 모형(안)의 구성 요소 간 상호 연계성과 통합성에대한 내용 타당도도 모두 1.00으로 조건을 만족하는 매우 타당한 결과가 나타났다. 셋째, 델파이 패널 위원 26명을 대상으로 델파이 본 조사를 제1, 2, 3 라운드별로 검증하였다. 검증 결과, 개발 절차 모형(안)의 영역별 문항, 내용의 구성 요소, 구성 요소 간 상호 연계성과 통합성에 대한 제1, 2, 3 라운드의 합의도가 모두 .75 이상으로전체적으로 타당하였다. 여기서 제3 라운드의 합의도가 전체 1.00이며 수렴도 역시모두 .00으로 조건을 만족하는 매우 타당한 결과(29개 문항 중 1개 문항 제외)를 나타내었다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 제3 라운드 델파이 조사 연구에서 델파이 패널 위원들의의견이 완전하게 합의가 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 당초 델파이 패널 선정 기준을 엄격하게 강화한 결과이며, 동시에 델파이 패널 위원들의 적극적인 참여 의지가 중요함을 시사하고 있다.

Evaluation of marginal and internal gaps of Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloy copings manufactured by microstereolithography

김동연,김총명,김지환,김혜영,김웅철 대한치과보철학회 2017 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.9 No.3

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal and internal gaps of Ni-Cr and Co-Cr copings, fabricated using the dental μ-SLA system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ten study dies were made using a twostep silicone impression with a dental stone (type IV) from the master die of a tooth. Ni-Cr (NC group) and Co-Cr (CC group) alloy copings were designed using a dental scanner, CAD software, resin coping, and casting process. In addition, 10 Ni-Cr alloy copings were manufactured using the lost-wax technique (LW group). The marginal and internal gaps in the 3 groups were measured using a digital microscope (160 ×) with the silicone replica technique, and the obtained data were analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test. Post-hoc comparisons were performed using Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U tests (α=.05). RESULTS. The mean (± standard deviation) values of the marginal, chamfer, axial wall, and occlusal gaps in the 3 groups were as follows: 81.5±73.8, 98.1±76.1, 87.1±44.8, and 146.8±78.7 μm in the LW group; 76.8±48.0, 141.7±57.1, 80.7±47.5, and 194.69±63.8 μm in the NC group; and 124.2±52.0, 199.5±71.0, 67.1±37.6, and 244.5±58.9 μm in the CC group. CONCLUSION. The marginal gap in the LW and NC groups were clinically acceptable. Further improvement is needed for CC group to be used clinical practice.

행동이상 아동의 학교요인 ③

김동연 한국정서학습장애아교육학회 1987 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.3 No.2

Evaluation of marginal and internal gaps in single and three-unit metal frameworks made by micro-stereolithography

김동연,이하나,김지환,김혜영,김웅철 대한치과보철학회 2017 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.9 No.4

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to compare single and three-unit metal frameworks that are produced by micro-stereolithography. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Silicone impressions of a selected molar and a premolar were used to make master abutments that were scanned into a stereolithography file. The file was processed with computer aided design software to create single and three-unit designs from which resin frameworks were created using micro-stereolithography. These resin frameworks were subjected to investment, burnout, and casting to fabricate single and three-unit metal ones that were measured under a digital microscope by using the silicone replica technique. The measurements were verified by means of the Mann–Whitney U test (α=.05). RESULTS. The marginal gap was 101.9 ± 53.4 μm for SM group and 104.3 ± 62.9 μm for TUM group. The measurement of non-pontics in a single metal framework was 93.6 ± 43.9 μm, and that of non-pontics in a three-unit metal framework was 64.9 ± 46.5 μm. The dimension of pontics in a single metal framework was 110.2 ± 61.4 μm, and that of pontics in a three-unit metal framework was 143.7 ± 51.8 μm. CONCLUSION. The marginal gap was smaller for the single metal framework than for the three-unit one, which requires furtherimprovement before it can be used for clinical purposes.

초등학생의 사회성과 학교생활그림(KSD)에 관한 연구

김동연,최외선,오미나 한국미술치료학회 1998 美術治療硏究 Vol.5 No.2

사회성이란 일반적으로 사회가 요구하는 규범과 역할에 적응해 가는 능력으로, 2인 이상이 공동생활을 영위하는 가운데 사회적 행동이 내재화된 것이며, 후천적으로 환경을 통한 경험에 의해 형성된 습관이나 사회적 행동의 근본적 기능이라고 할 수 있다 아동은 학교생활을 통하여 또래와의 인간관계에서 자신을 발견하며 사회에 필요한 기능과 태도를 배우게 되는 것으로, 인간생활의 핵심이라고 할 수 있다. 아동의 사회적 행동은 공격성과 친사회척 행동으로 나눌 수 있다. 공격성은 다른 사람이나 사물에 대해 육체적 또는 심리적인 해를 끼치는 행동을 말하며, 친사회적 행동은 외적 보상을 기대하지 않고 다른 사랑이나 집단에 이익이나 도움을 주려는 행동이다(Bandura. 1973). The purpose of this study is to investig ate the difference of sociability of primary school children based on characteristics of Kìnetic School Drawìng and to make use of the resul ts to provide some helpful information for the guidance of children. The subjects were 852 primary school children of both sexes (443 boys. 406 girls) in Taegu Metropolitan City. The instruments of measurement were A4 paper for the KSD. pencils. erasers and questionnaires to investig ate the sociability. The data were anal yzed using frequency percentage. reliability, factor anal ysis, oneway analysis of varìance and Scheffe’s test The fol l owing concl usions were drawn from this study: First. the level of sociability was estimated average. and appeared in the order of social skills. carefullness, cooperation, positivity. There were not statistically significant differences between the sociability of both sexes. Second. the level of sociability appeared higher the group of withoutomission than omission in both sexes. But there were not statistically significant differences between the sociability of children and omission of teacher and friend in kinetic school drawing. Third. the level of sociability appeared híg her the group of over 90mm than 2-38mm in size of figures. the level of sociability appeared hig her the group of over 85mm than 2-35mm in size of friend figure. Fourth. figure ascendence were not statistically significant differences in fig ures of self teacher and friend Fifth. the l evel of sociability appeared hig her the group of the side than the front in figure direction. there were statistically significant differences in figures of teacher in case of school girls. but were not statistically significant differences between groups. Sixth. the level of sociability appeared hig her the group of short than long in distance between figures. But there were not statistically signifícant differences in case of school boys. Seventh.

고로슬래그 미분말의 반응도가 시멘트 페이스트의 물성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김동연,조형규,이한승 한국콘크리트학회 2014 콘크리트학회논문집 Vol.26 No.6

최근 고로슬래그 미분말의 사용량이 증가함에 따라 고로슬래그 미분말 혼입 시멘트의 수화반응 모델뿐만 아니라 압축강도, 수화생성물, 수화열 등 고로슬래그 미분말 혼입 시멘트 페이스트의 물성에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 고로슬래그 미분말 혼입 시멘트 페이스트의 물성에 큰 영향을 끼치는 고로슬래그 미분말의 반응도에 대한 연구는 세계적으로도부족하며 특히 국내에서는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 선택적 추출법을 이용하여 시멘트 페이스트 내 고로슬래그 미분말의 반응도를 정량분석하고 물 바인더비, 치환율, 양생온도에 따라 압축강도, 화학결합수, Ca(OH)2을 측정하여 비교 분석 하였다. 실험결과 시멘트 페이스트 내 고로슬래그 미분말의 반응도, 화학결합수, Ca(OH)2은 치환율이 낮고 물 바인더비와 양생 온도가 높을수록 높게 나타났으며 특히 고로슬래그 미분말의 반응도는 최종적으로 약 0.3~0.4 값에 수렴하는 것으로 나타났다.

초등학교 고학년을 위한 로봇 설계 및 제작에 관한 연구

김동연,김무현,박정호,김진수 한국실과교육연구학회 2004 實科敎育硏究 Vol.10 No.1

This research higher(4th, 5th, 6th grade) grades in elementary school robot developing design and fabrication, is purposeful that introduce robot learning environment such as robot education and training courses induction. Method, study finding that research teams are accumulative 3years(2001-2003) analyzing synthesis, of research robot for elementary school related program etc.. that utilize C language accordingly with design and fabrication study and developed.Main conclusion of research is as follows:First, robot sensor PCB that develop design and fabrication, apply and studied about sensor drive(action) state and role with related sensor programming that utilize robot sensor PCB fabrication and C language. Second, robot main PCB that develop design and fabrication, apply and studied about motor drive(action) state and role through related motor programming that utilize connectionfabrication with parts related with robot motor and main PCB and C language. Third, apply and studied kit for robot education that fabrication various troubleshooting and so on that is happened robot fabrication such as sensor by education related program and organic operating state between motor and programming process that utilize C language. Fourth, use each PCB that develop design and fabrication, elementary students fabrication robot, and attend directly actuality competition such as creation and operated related program that utilize C language.

Effects of Covering Newborn’s Head after Bath on Body Temperature, Heart Rate and Arterial Oxygen Saturation

김동연,박호란 한국아동간호학회 2012 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.18 No.4

Purpose: In this study changes were observed in body temperature, heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of newborns after bathing and to determine the effects of covering their heads with cotton hats after bathing. Methods: Participants were 58 newborn infants, 31 in the experimental group had their heads covered with cotton hats after their bath while 27 in the control group did not. Body temperature, arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured at 8 consecutive times after bathing. Data were analyzed using t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Body temperature declined shortly after bathing. The experimental group showed faster recovery (p<.001). Heart rate increased after bathing in both groups. Heart rate in the experimental group decreased for 120 minutes and gradually increased to baseline (p<.001). In the control group, heart rate decreased for 180 minutes and then increased but did not reach the baseline (p<.001). Arterial oxygen saturation decreased shortly after bathing and recovery to the baseline was more rapid in the experimental group (30 minutes vs. 60 minutes)(p<.001). Conclusion: With significant changes observed in newborns’ body temperature, arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate, covering the head right after bathing is effective in stabilizing infants’ physiological system.

미술을 통한 심리치료(1)

김동연 한국정서학습장애아교육학회 1990 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.6 No.1