Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Running Efficiency in Distance Running Performance of Highly Trained Collegiate Runners

김기봉 慶星大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.9 No.1

本 硏究는 高度로 訓練된 大學長距離選手들의 競技成績에 있어서 最大酸素攝取量과 走行效率性의 重要度에 對한 相關 關係를 分析하였으며, 本 硏究에서 밝혀진 結果는 最大酸素攝取能力과 10,000meter競技의 走行 pace와의 相關關係는 (r=0.13) 높은 VO₂max의 有酸素能力을 가지고 있는 同質 集團에서는 높은 有意性이 없으며, 走行效率性과 競技成績과는 매우 有意한 相關關係를 나타내었다. (r=0.75) The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of maximal oxygen uptake and running efficiency in highly trained male collegiate runners to their performance in a 10, 000meter race. The ten selected subjects were collegiate male long distance runners who have attended at the University of South Carolina, U.S.A. Treadmill running was utilized for the laboratory measurement of maximal and submaximal oxygen consumption because it provides a valid picture of the physiological responses which accompany track running. Maximal oxygen uptake was determined using a continuous protocol. Treadmill speed was kept at 8mile/hr(214.4m/min) for all stages. Subjects completed a three minutes warming up at level grade. Grade was then increased 2¹/₂percent for each subsequent two minutes until the subject reached exhaustion. A correlation analysis was used to determine if a significant relationship existed between distance running performance and maximal oxygen uptake and running efficiency. Relationships were analyzed for singificance at the five percent level of confidence. The results of this research indicated that the relationship between maximal aerobic capacity and running pace for the 10,000 meter race(r=0.13) was not significant at the five percent level of confidence. This does not argue against the importance of a high VO₂max for success in distance running performance because all the subjects possessed very high maximal aerobic power. Rather, the data suggest that among subjects with equally high VO₂ max's aerobic capacity is not a determining factor for competitive sucess. The relationship between running efficiency(VO₂) at the mean race pace of 214-10.0/min and performance in the 10,000meter races(r=0.75) was significant at the one percent level of confidence. It was concluded that of the factors studied in this study the significant factor determining competitive success in the 10,000 meter run for highly trained collegiate male distance runners was their running efficiency and not their maximal aerobic capacties.

말라르메의 본질(本質)

김기봉 한국불어불문학회 1966 佛語佛文學硏究 Vol.1 No.1

환경,생태사의 이론과 방법론 : 환경사란 무엇인가: 환경과 인간의 상호작용의 역사

김기봉 한국서양사학회 2008 한국서양사학회학술대회 Vol.12 No.-

환경사:성찰적 현대화를 위한 역사

김기봉 역사비평사 1999 역사비평 Vol.- No.46

팩션(faction)으로서 역사서술

김기봉 부산경남사학회 2007 역사와 경계 Vol.63 No.-

The question in what kind of society we are living now can, I believe, be answered at best by analysing the dreams of our contemporaries. There have always been unique ways to put in expression the collective dreams particular to each period. I interpret the intensive wave of historical dramas which is swiping Korea now as the expression of a collective dream. Against the backdrop of post-modern conditions which have torn down the border between reality and fiction by the emerging power of virtual reality, “faction,” a neologism made up by the words, fact and fiction, came into fashion as a new genre. Historical drama as a kind of faction is not a “real history”, but a “dreaming history.” Human beings can not live without dreaming. Nevertheless, history used to acknowledge only “real history”, with “dreaming history” excluded. As a result, the crisis of history has been escalated. Interpreting faction as “dreaming history”, this paper tries to expand historical horizons to the level of collective unconsciousness, as did Freud's psychology. A syndrome of historical drama has emerged, because the “dreaming history” of the masses cannot be satisfied alone by “real history”. A human being lives in both of the worlds of reality and dreams, but can not live a normal life, when he can not distinguish one from the other. He should not live a real life in dreams, but live a dreaming life in reality. The answer to the question whether faction is in favor of not only historical research but also human life would depend on whether “dreaming history” replaces “real history” or the former contributes to creating the latter.

심장세동의 수술요법

김기봉,이창하,손대원,Kim, Gi-Bong,Lee, Chang-Ha,Son, Dae-Won 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1997 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.30 No.3

심방세동은 가장 흔한 부정맥 질환으로서,특히 승모판막 질환이 있는 경우에는 60%에 이르는높은 빈도의 유병율을 보이는데,심방세동 환자의 약 113에서 혈전 색전증을 일으키고,혈전 색전증이 생긴 환자의 약 60%에서는 사망에 이르거나 심각한 합병증이 초래되므로 심장질환에 대한 수술시,동반 심 방세동에 대한 적극적 인 치료가 고려되어야 한다. 서울대학교병원 흉부외과학교실에서는 1994년 4월부터 1995년 6월까지 심방세동을 동반한 심장질환 을 가진 20명의 환자에서 Maze 술식을 포함한 개심술을 시행하였다 대상환자들의 남녀 성비는 남 '녀 : 6 : 14 이 었으며, 평균연령은 48$\pm$11세 (31 ~66세) 였다. 1년이상 지 속된 만성 심방세동이 14례(70%)였고, 1년미만인 경우가 6례(30%)였으며,심방세동의 과거력은 평균 36$\pm$42개월(1~132개월)이었다. 수술전 혈전전색증의 과거력이 있었던 경우가 7례(35%), 좌심방내에 혈전이 있었던 경우가 9례(45%)였다. 동반 심장질환으로는 판막질환이 19례,심실중격결손증이 1례였 으며, Maze술식과 더불어 승모판막 및 대동맥판막 치환술이 5례, 승모판막 치환술을 시행한 경우가 4 fl, 승모판막 치환술 및 삼첨판\ulcorner 성형술 4례, 승모판막 성형술 3례, 승모판막 성형술 및 삼첨판막 성형 술이 1례, 승모판막 치환술 및 관상동맥 우회술이 1례, 대동맥판막 치환술 1례, 심실중격결손봉합술이 1례 였다. 대동맥차단시간은 평균 175 :41분(116~270분)이었다. 수술과 관련된 사망은 없었으며, 수술 후 심방세동의 재발이 16명(80%)에서 있었으나, 수술후 평균 41일째 규칙적인 심박동 소견을 보였다. 수술후 합병증으로서는 저심박출증을 보였던 경우가 3례 (15%), 술전 존재하였던 반신불수의 악화가 1 례, 그리고 급성 신부전이 1례씩 관찰되었다. 20명의 외래추적 관찰기간은 평균 16.5개월(10.5~24개월) 이었는데, 외래 추적기간 중 모든 환자에서 규칙적인 심박동의 소견을 보였으며, 정상 동방결절리듬을 보인 경우 17례 (85%)중에서 항부정맥제의 투여가 필요 없는 경우가 13례 (76%)이고 나머지 4례에서는 항부정맥제를 투여중이며, 접합부 율동을 보이는 3례 (15%) 중 2례에서는 항부정맥제를 투.i중이고, 1 례는 접합부 서맥으로 인공심박동기 (DDD-R type : AAI mode)의 삽입이 필요했다. 추적기간 중에 심에 코검사는 19명에서 시행하였는데, 우심방 수축력이 보이는 경우가 1 례 (95%) 이었고, 좌심방 수축력은 12례 (63%)에서 명백히 관찰되 었다. 심장질환에 대한 개심술시 Maze술식을 동반시행할 경우심장허혈시간이 길어지는 단점이 있으나, 최근의 발달된 심근보호법의 적용으로 수술에 따른 위험을 최소화할 수 있으므로 심방세동의 적극적 인 치료를 고려하여야 할 것으로 사료된다. .Itrial fibrillation is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias requiring treatment. About 60% of patients with mitral valvular disease have atrial fibrillation and one third of patients with atrial fibrillation may have the past history of thromboembolic events. Between April 1994 and June 1995, 20 patients with organic heart diseases combined with atrial fibrillation underwent open heart surgery including Cox-maze 111 procedure. There were 6 men and 14 women with an average age of 48 years (range, 31 to 66 years). Nineteen patients had valvular heart diseases and 1 ventricular septal defEct (VSD). Mean duration of atrial fibrillation was 36 months (:42 months) (range, 1 to 132 months). T e past medical history of thromboembolic events was positive in 7 patients (35%) and left atrial thrombus was detected in 9 patients (45%). The concomitant procedures were mitral valve replacement (MVR) and aortic valve replacement (AVR) in 5 patients, MVR in 4, MVd and tricuspid annuloplasty(TAP) in 4, mitral valvuloplasty(Mln) in 3, Mln and Tln in 1, MIW and coronary artery bypass surgery in 1, AVR in 1, and patch closure of VSD in 1. Mean aortic cross-clamping time was 175 minutes (range, 116 to 270 minutes). Atrial fibrillation recurred in 16 patients (80%) during the early postoperative period, but, recurrent atrial fibrillation was converted to regular rhythm at postoperative forty-first day in average. There was no early or late death in this series of 20 patients and postoperative complications were inappropriate tachycardia in 5 patients (25%), low cardiac output syndrome in 3 (15%), aggravated hemiplegic in 1, and acute renal failure in 1. Mean follow-up interval of patient was 16.5 months (range, 10.5 to 24 months) and all patients are currently in regular rhythm. Seventeen patients (85%) are in sinus rhythm and 3 (15%) in junctional rhythm. Right atrial contraction was detected in 95% of patients and left atrial contraction in 63% on postoperative transthoracic echocardiogram. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation concomitant with open heart surgery is warranted in the recent clinical setting of improved myocardial protection technique, considering the untoward side-effects of atrial fibrillation.

유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 프로모터 영역의 전사인자 결합부위 패턴 탐색

김기봉,공은배 한국정보과학회 2003 정보과학회논문지 : 소프트웨어 및 응용 Vol.30 No.5

유전자 발현에 매우 중요한 신호역할을 하는 프로모터 영역은 여러 전사인자들이 결합하는 특정 부위들을 갖고 있다. 전사인자의 결합부위는 프로모터의 다양한 부위에 위치하며, 진화론적으로 잘 보존된 Consensus 형태의 염기서열 패턴을 띠고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 최적의 패턴들을 탐색하기 위해 유전자 알고리즘을 기반으로 하면서, 동시에 MEME 알고리즘의 N-occurrence-per-dataset 모델의 가정과 패턴의 길이를 결정할 수 있는 Wataru 방법의 장점을 따르는 새로운 방법을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 탐색 방법은 유전체 연구자들이 임의의 DNA 염기서열 상에서 프로모터 영역을 예측하거나 특정 전사인자의 결합부위를 탐색하는데 적극 활용할 수 있다. The promoter that plays a very important role in gene expression as a signal part has various binding sites for transcription factors. These binding sites are located on various parts in promoter region and have highly conserved consensus sequence patterns. This paper presents a new method for the consensus pattern search in promoter regions using genetic algorithm, which adopts the assumption of N-occurrence-per-dataset model of MEME algorithm and employs the advantage of Wataru method in determining the pattern length. Our method will be employed by genome researchers who try to predict the promoter region on anonymous DNA sequence and to find out the binding site for a specific transcription factor.

메타역사로서 역사비평 : 필요성과 과제 Its Need and Tasks

김기봉 한국역사연구회 2001 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.40

고폐동맥압을 동반한 선천성 심기형 환자에서 술후 폐동맥압과 혼합정맥혈 산소분압의 변화에 관한 분석

김기봉,김용진,Kim, Gi-Bong,Kim, Yong-Jin 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1989 The Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Vol.22 No.6

It has been suggested that mixed venous $O_{2}$ tension is a predicor of cardiac output especially in a critically ill patient after an open heart surgery. From April 1988 through September 1989, we monitored mixed venous $O_{2}$ tension and pulmonary arterial pressure in 48 patients with acyanotic congenital heart disease at postoperative 1 hour, 6 hour, 12 hour, 24 hour, and 48 hour respectively. They were divided into Group I, with severe pulmoary hypertension, and Group II, without severe pulmonary hypertension. In Group I, mixed venous $O_{2}$ tension and cardiac index showed significant increase with time (p<0.05), but the ratio of pulmonary-aortic systolic pressure didn't show significant change. The increase was significant only 24 hour after operation, and so this low cardiac performance in early postoperative period should be considered when postoperative management is being planned in the risky patient. In Group II, all of the three variables didn't show any significant change with time. The correlation coefficient between mixed venous $O_{2}$ tension and cardiac index was significantly different from zero in both Group I (p<0.001) and group II (p<0.05) at each imeperiod, but the ratio of pulmonary-aortic systolic pressure didn't correlated well with the other 2 variables. Our study showed that serial determination of mixed venous $O_{2}$ tension in acyanotic congenital heart disease could be used as a guide in estimating the cardiac index postoperatively.

토마스 니퍼다이와 한스 울리히 벨러

김기봉 한국서양사학회 2002 사양사론 Vol.73 No.-