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Quick and Efficient Light Control for Conventional Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) Systems
김형태,김승택,조영준 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
This study discusses a method to determine optimal illumination quickly in order to increase the process efficiency of automatic opticalinspection (AOI) systems. Optimum searching methods were applied to find optimal illumination of a single color to enhance thequality of a monochrome image and reduce searching time. The problem was defined as optimizing 1D searching between lightintensity and image sharpness. The image sharpness is the degree of distinctness of the image and is a non-linear function of the inputvoltage, which can be used to adjust the light intensity. We considered conventional optimum search methods, such as steepest descent,conjugate gradient, Newton’s method, bisection, and golden section. These derivative methods and direct searches were tested for asample pattern using single color lights under coaxial illumination. The iteration for the optimal condition was 6.7% of full scanningin average. The optimal illumination was obtained using low input voltages, implying that a fine image could be obtained by applyingappropriate electric energy. Additionally, we checked the possibility of applying these search methods to automatic lighting inindustrial machine vision.
Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Substitution of 1-Anthracenesulfonyl Chloride with Anilines
김형태,여수동,Kim Hyong Tae,Yoh Soo Dong Korean Chemical Society 1985 대한화학회지 Vol.29 No.2
기질로 사용한 1-염화안트라센 술포닐(융점$124^{circ}C$)을 안트라키논으로 부터 합성하여 확인한 결과, 그 융점이 문헌치($90^{circ}C$)와 상당한 차이를 나타내었다. 이 기질과 치환아닐린이 무수 아세톤 속에서 일어나는 친핵성 치환반응의 메카니즘을 전기전도도법을 써서 속도론적으로 고찰하였다. 이 반응은 무촉매 과정과 아닐린류에 의한 촉매 과정이 병행하여 일어나며 촉매작용은 친전자적임을 알았다. $Br{\phi}nsted\;{\beta}$ (0.77), Hammett ${\rho}$(-3.2) 및 무촉매반응 속도상수의 온도 의존성에서 결정한 활성화 파라미터로 부터 이 반응은 술포닐암모늄 중간체를 거치는 associative $S_N2$로 논의하는 것이 가장 적절하였다. 1-Anthracenesulfonyl chloride used as a substrate has been prepared from anthra-quinone, and its melting point ($124^{circ}C$) was confirmed to be considerably different from the literature value ($90^{circ}C$). Rates of nucleophilic substitution reactions of this substrate with some p-substituted anilines in dry acetone were determined by electroconductometric method, and their mechanism has been discussed. As a result, it has been found that these reactions proceed in parallel catalyzed by anilines together with noncatalyzed process, and that their catalytic activities are electrophilic. Judging from $Br{\phi}nsted\;{\beta}$ (0.77), Hammett ${\rho}$(-3.2), and activation parameters which were determined from the temperature dependence of noncatalyzed second order rate constants, it appears most appropriate that their mechanism should be discussed in terms of an associative $S_N2$ involving sulfonylammonium intermediate.
황의 친핵성 치환반응 (제17보) 2-염화안트라센 술포닐의 가용매 분해반응
김형태,여수동,이익춘,Hyong Tae Kim,Soo Dong Yoh,Ikchoon Lee 대한화학회 1983 대한화학회지 Vol.27 No.3
물-메탄올, 물-에탄올, 물-아세톤 및 물-아세토니트릴의 2-성분 혼합용매 속에서 2-염화안트라센 술포닐의 가용매 분해반응을 전기전도도법을 써서 속도론적으로 고찰하였다. 물의 몰분률이 같은 혼합용매속에서는 쌍극자성 반양성자 용매에서 보다 양성자성 용매에서 속도가 컸으며, 물-메탄올 혼합용매에서는 실험 농도의 전체 범위에 걸쳐 물-에탄올에서 보다 항상 속도가 컸으나 아세톤과 아세토니트링의 경우에는 몰분율 0.9에서 속도의 크기가 뒤바뀌었다. 용매의 이온화 능력에 대한 반응의 감도를 나타내는 m와 전이상태에서의 물의 관여차수 n값은 모두 쌍극자성 반양성자용매에서 컸다. 이들 값과, 속도상수에서 결정한 활성화 파라미터로부터 2-염화안트라센 술포닐의 가용매분해반응은$ S_N2$ 메카니즘으로 진행된다는 것을 알았다. The kinetics of 2-anthracenesulfonyl chloride in methanol-water, ethanol-water, acetone-water and acetonitrile-water has been studied by electroconductometric method. For media in which water has the same mole fraction, the rate was greater in protic solvent than in dipolar aprotic solvent and it was greater consistently in methanol-water than in ethanol-water over the whole range of solvent composition investigated, while the two rates in acetone-water and acetonitrile-water inverted at about 0.9 of mole fraction of water. Both m value, susceptibility of rate to the ionizing power and n value, solvent participation number in the transition state were much smaller in protic solvent. These values and the activation parameters show that solvolysis of 2-anthracenesulfonyl chloride proceeds by $ S_N2$ mechanism.
치환 피리딘 존재하에서의 염화아렌 슬포닐의 가메탄올 분해반응의 속도론적 연구
김형태,이익춘,임명수,Kim Hyong Tae,Lee Ik Choon,Myung Soo Rim 대한화학회 1989 대한화학회지 Vol.33 No.5
Kineties for the reactions of pyridines with 1-anthracenesulfonyl chloride (1-ASC) and 3-phenanthrenesulfonyl chloride (3-PSC) was investigated in methanol as solvent. Structural variation in pyridine followed $Br{\o}$ nsted and Hammett relations for both 1-ASC and 3-PSC; the corresponding coefficients, {\beta}\;and\;{\rho}\;at\;20^{\circ}C$ were 0.55, -3.5 for 1-ASC, and 0.43, -2.6 for 3-PSC respectively. Reactivity-selectivity principle was checked in competition system 1-ASC/3-PSC. As a result, this principle was found to hold at experimental temperatures, whereas to break down over in the range of isoselective temperature ($34.3^{\circ}C$). Judging from the above results and activation parameters, we concluded that these reactions proceeded by synchronous $S_n2$ mechanism in rate-determining step. 여러가지 피리딘 존재하에서 1-염화안트라센술포닐(1-ASC) 및 3-페난트렌술포닐(3-PSC)이 메탄올 속에서 각각 일으키는 반응의 메카니즘을 속도론적으로 논의하였다. 이들 반응에 대한 Bronsted계수(${\beta}$)는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 1-ASC : 0.55, 3-PSC : 0.43였고 Hammett 반응상수(${\rho}$ 온도에서 1-ASC : -3.5, 3-PSC : -2.6이었다. 두 반응계에 대한 반응성-선택성 원리를 검토한 결과, 등선택성 온도는 $34.3^{\circ}C$였으며 이보다 높은 온도에서는 이 원리가 성립하지 않음을 알았다. 활성화 파라미터와 함께 위의 결과로부터 이들 반응은 속도 결정단계에서 synchronous $S_n2$메카니즘에 의해 진행되는 것으로 결론 지어졌다.
김형태,유현석,최경식,김진욱,강일오,박소진,한상욱 대한전기학회 2020 전기학회논문지 P Vol.69 No.4
To supply natural gas, a system that uses the energy generated when high-pressure natural gas is decompressed to low pressure, that is, a turbo expander generator (TEG), is installed in the system to utilize new energy. In the past, the energy generated by decompressing natural gas in the supply management station was thrown into the air, but by using this to generate electricity, high-quality new energy that does not emit greenhouse gases and consumes fuel is obtained. Accordingly, a significant portion of the existing decompression energy can be recovered, and the efficiency is very high in energy efficiency measures. This paper examines the characteristics of TEG power generation, examines the TEG pilot project and demonstration project conducted by Korea Gas Corporation, and discusses the voltage control scheme and grid interconnection