여성의 자기대상화, 자기조절초점과 사회참여의 관계

신홍임(辛洪任) 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 아시아교육연구 Vol.20 No.3

여성 스스로가 자신을 활용되는 대상으로 보는 자기대상화(self-objectification)는 성 불평등 합리화 경향 및 사회참여와 어떤 관계를 갖는가? 본 연구에서는 여성의 자기대상화와 사회 참여의 관계를 자기조절초점의 개인차에 따라 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 1에서는 여대생 160명을 대상으로 자기대상화의 경향, 성 불평등과 연관된 시스템 합리화경향과 사회참여의 관계를 자기보고식 질문지를 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과 여성이 자신의 외모를 능력보다 더 중요하게 생각할수록 사회참여의 경향이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 여대생 90명을 대상으로 자기조절초점을 측정하는 질문지를 수행하도록 한 후, 작문과제를 통해 자기대상화를 상태변인으로 조작한 실험조건(예: 성형수술 계획을 작성함)과 통제조건(예: 여름방학 계획을 작성함)에서 성 불평등의 시스템 합리화 경향 및 사회참여의 경향을 비교하였다. 그 결과 자기대상화의 실험조건에서는 통제조건보다 여성의 외모가 능력보다 중요하다고 믿는 신념과 사회 불평등 합리화 경향이 더 높게 나타났다. 또한 성 불평등 합리화경향이 높을수록 사회참여의향이 더 낮게 나타났다. 이 결과는 여성의 자기대상화가 성 불평등을 합리화하면서, 여성의 사회참여에 부정적 영향을 끼칠 가능성을 보여준다. 이와 더불어 자기대상화조건에서 여대생의 향상초점 우세성이 높을수록 성 불평등의 시스템 합리화 경향이 낮았으며, 사회참여의향이 높게 나타났다. 이 결과는 자기 대상화가 유도된 상황에서 왜 어떤 여성들은 사회의 성 불평등을 합리화하기 보다는 여성에 대한 사회의 시각을 따르는 것을 거부하고, 성 불평등을 감소시키려는 사회활동에 참여 하는 행동을 더 선호하는지를 설명해준다. 논의에서는 자기대상화, 자기조절초점 및 사회참여의 관계를 토론하고, 연구의 한계 및 후속연구의 방향을 다루었다. Self-objectification is defined as treating oneself as objects. Women view themselves through the perspective of an observer not as a whole existence, but as an usable object (i.e. face). This study aimed to investigate whether there are significant relationships between self-objectification, self-regulatory focus and social engagement of women. Study 1 (N=160) tested the question whether self-objectification is associated with gender specific system justification and social engagement. According to the results, higher tendency of self-objectification was negatively correlated with social engagement of female students. In Study 2 (N=90), female students had to indicate a questionnaire for self-regulatory focus. After that, they were instructed to perform a writing task about a cosmetic surgery to induce the state of self-objectification in the experimental condition. In addition, they completed survey questionnaires, which were same as those of Study 1. According to the results, higher scores of promotion focus dominance were related to the lower scores of self-objectification and system justification. In contrast, the promotion focus dominance was significantly associated with the higher tendency of social activism among female students. These results implicated that differences in the regulatory fit may explain the reason why some women in the sexually objectified situation prefer rejecting to follow conventional rules for women and participating in social activism to justifying gender inequality. Future research is needed to explore the applicability of the regulatory fit theory for better understanding self-objecytification and gender behavior in social context.

한국어 수화의 도상성을 활용한 교육적 시사점 모색

신홍임(辛洪任) 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 아시아교육연구 Vol.20 No.1

수화는 음성언어에 비해 시각적 전달이 더 중요하고, 도상성이 더 큰 비중을 차지한다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국어수화의 도상성이 수화의 어휘접속에 끼치는 영향을 분석하고, 농인과 청인을 위한 수화교육에 주는 시사점을 탐색하는데 있다. 이를 위해 연구에서는 그림판단과제 및 어휘판단과제를 활용하여 수화단어의 도상성과 연구참가자의 수화숙련도가 수화단어의 의미 및 음운접속에 끼치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 그림판단과제에서는 수화동작과 수화단어의 의미가 잘 연결되는 도상성이 높은 단어일수록 연구참가자가 더 빨리 정확하게 판단하는 경향이 나타났다. 반면 수화단어의 음운에만 주목해야 하는 음운판단과제에서는 수화단어의 도상성이 높아서 수화동작과 의미가 자동적으로 잘 연결되는 단어일수록 음운단위인 수화소와 의미가 서로 간섭하여 수화숙련도가 높은 연구참가자의 반응이 느려지는 경향이 나타났다. 반면 수화숙련도가 낮은 참가자에게는 의미와 음운이 자동적으로 처리되지 않기 때문에 이러한 간섭이 나타나지 않았다. 이 결과는 수화에서도 음성언어와 같이 단어의 의미와 음운이 서로 분리되어 표상됨을 보여준다. 또한 수화숙련도와 도상성이 높을수록 의미와 음운이 자동적으로 연결되며 처리되기 때문에, 이 중 음운만이 부각되면 수화단어의 자동적 처리에 방해가 될 수 있음을 보여준다. 이 결과는 수화숙련도가 낮은 농인과 청인을 위한 수화입문교육에서 도상성이 높은 수화단어로부터 시작하는 것이 의미와 음운의 연결에 더 효과적이며, 수화단어의 음운만을 부각시키는 것은 수화단어의 학습을 방해하는 결과가 나타날 수 있음을 시사한다. Signed languages are generally more dominant in visual modality than spoken languages. The purpose of this research is to explore iconicity of Korean Sign Language to find implications for Korean sign language learning. In this Study, participants performed picture tasks, in which they decided whether a sign corresponded to the meaning of pictures. Fluent signers were better with increasing iconicity of words than nonfluent signers and non-signers. In contrast, fluent signers were not better with increasing iconicity of words than nonfluent signers and nonsigners, when they had to focus just on the hand movement (i.e., “Does it involve straight or curved fingers?”) in a phonological decision task. Taken together, these results implicated that meaning was activated automatically for high iconic properties of a sign, and this contributed to lexical access for Korean Signed Language in the picture naming task. However it led to interferences in making form-based decisions for fluent signers in the phonological decision task. These results demonstrate that meaning and form are represented separately in sign language. Iconicity is critical for sign language learning. It helps to bridge the gap between meaning and linguistic form. These results also provide implications for developing sign language learning programs through highlighting the role of highly iconic signed words especially for beginners in sign language learning.

開放性 創傷의 治癒時 纖維芽細胞의 極性排列

申洪仁,卞種秀 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1985 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study was to understand the morphological repair of open wound by observing the arrangement pattern of migrating fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and the change of matrix from wound margins. Open wounds, 1×1㎝ in size, were made on the flanks of 32 mice about 30gm in weight down to the level of the panniculus carnosus muscle, and then were covered with vaseline gauze and wrapped in gauze bandage. Wounds were excised at 2, 4, 7, 11, 14, 18th days and then prepared for light microscopic examination with H&E, PAS, and Alcian blue stain, and additional 7th and 11th day wounds were examined under electron microscope. The results were as follows. Migrating fibroblasts were arranged with unidirectional polarity toward central granulation tissue beneath the covering epithelial cells. The change of matrix in granulation tissue was recognized by PAS and Alcian blue stain at 7th day healing open wounds but no change was noted at juxtaepithelial area. Ultrastructurally the elongated fibroblasts revealed prominent uncleoli, large corrugated nucleus, cytoplasmic polarity of well developed cytoplasmic organellae, peripheral condensation of cytoplasmic filaments, and intracellular contact by cytoplasmic processes. Above results suggested that cellular polarity of fibroblasts in healing open wounds was responsible for cytoplasmic polariy for synthesis and secretion of collagen matrix, for structural chang by contraction of central granulation tissue and migration of epithelial cells, and for change of organized elabolated extracellular matrix which might provide structural stability and intergrity in healing open wounds.

타인의 고통에 대한 도덕적 의사결정의 개인차: 타인 조망수용과 인지유형

신홍임 한국심리학회 2015 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.34 No.3

Recent work in moral psychology is focused on questions about utilitarianism (i.e., saving more people’s lives) and deontology (i.e., disapproving of sacrificing one person for the greater good of others). This study aimed to answer two questions. First, which individual differences in emotional and cognitive processes have a critical impact on utilitarian and deontological judgments? Second, do cognitive styles facilitate a specific moral judgment? In Study 1, various moral dilemma scenarios were presented and the participants had to indicate how morally appropriate it would be for them to kill one person to save others. In addition, they completed a self-report questionnaire regarding empathic empathic concern, perspective-taking, need for cognition and moral identity. The results revealed that participants with preferences for utilitarian judgments showed lower perspective-taking than other participants. In Study 2, the findings revealed the relationship between verbalizer-visualizer cognitive styles and utilitarian judgments. The visualizer cognitive styles showed reduced utilitarian judgments. These results implicated the possibility that reduced empathy (i.e. perspective taking) and the verbalizer cognitive style regulated the automatic emotional process and resulted in increased utilitarian judgements. Finally, limitations of this study and future work were discussed. 최근 도덕심리학에서는 다수의 이득을 극대화하려는 공리주의적 결정과 소수의 희생일지라도 무고한 개인을 희생시키는 것에 반대하는 의무론적 결정에 대해 관심이 모아지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 타인에게 해를 끼치는 위해의 상황에서 인지적/정서적 측면의 개인차가 개인들의 윤리적 의사결정에 끼치는 영향을 비교하는데 있다. 이를 위해 연구 1에서는 참가자들에게 다양한 윤리적 갈등상황에 대한 글을 제시하고, 주인공의 행동이 도덕적으로 적절하다고 판단하는 정도를 찬성/반대로 응답하도록 하였다. 또한 개인의 타인조망수용과 타인에 대한 공감적 염려를 자기보고식 질문지로 측정하였다. 그 결과 개인적/비개인적 상황에서 모두 공리주의적 결정을 선호하는 집단에서 타인조망수용의 경향이 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 연구2에서는 윤리적 의사결정과 인지유형(어휘적 표상 vs. 시각적 심상)의 개인차를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 시각적 표상경향이 높을수록 공리주의적 결정이 낮아지는 경향성이 나타났다. 논의에서는 윤리적 갈등상황에서 정서와 인지가 개입하는 과정을 토론하였고, 연구의 한계점과 후속연구의 방향에 대해 다루었다.

勤勞者의 團結强制에 관한 硏究 : 그 問題點을 中心으로

申弘 서울市立大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

In this paper, the author deals with the right of workers to organize in it's positive sense, i.e., the compulsion to organize. In so doing, he studies European and American ways of the compulsion to organize in their types and constitutional and / or legal justifications and tries to find various problems arising from the subject. On the basis of these comparative findings, the delves into the current Korean regulations concerning the compulsion to organize, their problems and constitutional justification, and proposes the repeal of the Section 3 proviso(v) and Proviso of Section 39(ii) of the Trade Union Act which are deemed contradictory to the constitutional right of workers to organize.

不當勞動行爲制度의 運用에 관한 硏究

申弘 서울市立大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

조밀도차에 따른 매식 치아회분의 성견 치조제 유지 효과

신홍인 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1989 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose this study was to evaluate the effect of tooth ash implanted in varying density for preservation of alveolar ridge. In 4 domestic adult dog, each distal root socket of lower premolar was implanted with tooth ash prepared by incineration at 950℃ in varying density ; according to weight ratio between distal root and tooth ash as 1 : 1.5, 1 : 1, and 1 : 0.5, respectively. And each mesial root socket was used as control without any treatment After 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks, the experimental sites were examined by clinically, roentgenographically, and histologically. The results obtained were as follows: Clinically, the wounds in both implanted and control groups were completely healed at 2nd week without evidnce of inflammation and rejective reaction to implanted tooth ash up to 6th week. On roentgenogram, pathologic lesion induced by implanted tooth ash was not noted. The alveolar ridge was preserved more highly in implanted group than in control, and in densely implanted group than in loosely implanted group, but there was remarkable difference. Histologically, the fibrous repair of tooth ash implanted sockets was more favorable in loosely implanted group than in densely implanted group, but the bony repair of them was more favorable in densely implanted group than in loosely implanted group. Direct bony union between tooth ash and new bone was noted from 2nd week and that was more prominent as time lapsed, especially in more densely implanted group. In general, the wound healing of tooth socket was more rapid in control than in implanted group but the alveolar ridge preservation was more favorable in implanted group than in control.

정보·기술사회에 대비하는 기존 경남산업의 구조개편

신홍한 경영행정대학원 1997 최고경영자과정 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

마음-신체의 이원론: 건강을 위한 행동, 채식의 선택 및 사회적 가치지향과의 관계

신홍임 한국감성과학회 2024 감성과학 Vol.27 No.3

Many people are interested in vegetarianism for health and animal welfare reasons, but putting it into practice is difficult. This study aims to examine how an individual’s thoughts on the mind–body connection influence their choice of vegetarian products. In Study 1, the impact of two types of thoughts on health behaviors and the selection of vegetarian products was compared: dualism and physicalism. The mind and body are separated in dualism, whereas the mind and body are connected in physicalism. Study 2 tested whether thoughts about the mind–body connection activate the social values that an individual aspires. Study 3 used priming with healthy and unhealthy food images to examine whether the mind–body dualism connection was bidirectional. Study 1 shows a lower intention for health-related behaviors under dualism conditions, compared to physicalism conditions, where the mind and body are connected. In Study 2, the intention to engage in health-related behaviors and the preference for self-transcendence values were lower than in the physicalism condition. Study 3 shows that participants primed with unhealthy images had higher dualistic scores than those primed with healthy plant-based images. These results suggest that an individual’s thoughts about the mind–body connection may affect health behaviors and social value activation differently.

都市空間構造의 變化에 관한 硏究 : 서울의 1980年代를 對象으로

申洪垠 건국대학교 행정대학원 1989 建國大學校 行政大學院 硏究論叢 Vol.17 No.-