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감신,예민해,이성국,천병렬,Kam, Sin,Yeh, Min-Hae,Lee, Sung-Kook,Chun, Byung-Yeol 대한예방의학회 1991 예방의학회지 Vol.24 No.2
고혈압과 관련된 위험요인을 조사하기 위하여 1908년 5월 1일부터 11월 30일까지 대추시내 일반근로자들 가운데 고혈압환자 330명(남자 247명, 여자 83명)과 정상인 1,336명(남자 887명, 여자 449명)을 대상으로 환자-대조군 연구를 실시하였다 성, 연령을 제한요인으로 하여 조사한 위험요인들은 근무부서, 비만도, 음주력, 흡연력, 우유섭취빈도, 식염섭취정도, 고혈압가족력이었다. 다변량분석기법가운데 지수형회귀분석 (logistic regression analysis)에 의해 분석한 결과 남자에서는 음주(odds ratio=3.23), 비만도(odds ratio=2.31), 그리고 식염(odds ratio=1.75)이 고혈압의 위험을 증가시키는데 비해 여자에서는 음주(odds ratio=16.49), 고혈압가족력 (odds ratio=3.70). 비만도(odds ratio=1.74), 그리고 식염(odds ratio=1.73)이 고혈압의 위험을 증가시켰다(p<0.05). 그리고 남녀 모두에서 우유가 고혈압의 위험을 감소시키는 유의한 변수이며(남자 odds ratio=0.69, 여자 odds ratio=0.65) 용량-반응 관계가 있음으로 보아 (p<0.05) 고혈압의 예방요인으로 생각된다. 남녀 모두에서 흡연은 고혈압과 관련이 없었다. 그런데 단순분석결과 여자에서 근무부서가 고협압과 유의한 관련이 있었는데 다변량분석에서는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. A case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors (Part of job, Obesity, Alcohol, Smoking, Milk, Salt. and Family history) for hypertension. We selected 330 hypertension cases (male;247, female;83) and 1,336 controls (male;887, female;449) from employees in Taegu city from 1 May to 30 November, 1908. Data was analysed using a logistic regression model. Statistically significant elevated odds ratio were noted for alcohol (odds ratio=3.23), obesity (odds ratio=2.31), salt(odds ratio=1.75) in male (p<0.05) and those in female were noted for alcohol (odds ratio=16.49), family history(odds ratio=3.70), obesity (odds ratio=1.74) and salt (odds ratio=1.73) (p<0.05). Statistically significant reduced odds ratio was noted for milk in both sexes (odds ratio=0.69 for male and 0.65 for female)(p<0.05) and the dose-response relationship between milk intake and hypertension was confirmed (p<0.05). Therefore, milk seems to be preventive factor for hypertension. Smoking was not significantly associated with hypertension in both sexes. The part of job was significantly associated with hypertension in female by simple analysis (P<0.05) but the relationship was disappeared when multivariate analysis (logistic regression analysis) was done.
지역의료보험(地域醫療保險) 재정지출(財政支出)의 결정요인(決定要因)
감신,박재용,예민해,Kam, Sin,Park, Jae-Yong,Yeh, Min-Hae 대한예방의학회 1995 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.28 No.1
This study was conducted to examine the determinant factors for expenditure of the medical insurance program for self-employeds based on the analysis of 1991 'The Medical Insurance Program for Self-Employeds Statistical Yearbook', and also similar yearbooks in the metropolitan and other provinces. The major findings are as follows : We have divided benefits into these four components such as the utilization rate for out-patients, expenses per claim for out-patients as paid by the insurer, utilization rate for in-patients, and the expenses per claim for in-patients as paid by the insurer, in order to examine the determinant factors for it. The results of the study revealed the following findings, in urban areas, the supply of medical care had more influence on the benefits than other demographic and economic variables, while, in county areas, both the supply of medical care and the rate of those aged over 65 affected the provision of benefits. The determinant factors for financial balance of the medical insurance program for self-employeds are, first, the determinant factor for administrative expenses was the number of households. The more the number of households, the less the administrative expenses per the insured. This shows that the economy of scale is being. And so, the administrative district must be taken into consideration in the incorporation of small regional medical societies and should be re-organized for more efficient management. Second, in urban areas, the supply of medical care had more influence on utilization rate and expenses per claim as paid by insurer, and therefore it is necessary to control it. In county areas, the supply of medical care and the rate of those aged over 65 raised the utilization rate and expenses per claim as paid by insurer. For the financial stability of county areas, a common fund for medical care for the aged and expansion of finance stabilization fund would be necessary. But, in county areas, it would be unnecessary to control the supply of medical care because it was much more insufficient than in urban areas. The vitalization of public health facilities must be carried out in county areas, for they reduced benefits. Sice the more insured in a single household, the less the utilization of the medical insurance program, benefits for habilitation at home should be given consideration. The law of majority and the economy of scale were applied here, and therefore the incorporation of regional medical societies must be taken into consideration. In integrating regional medical societies, it would be absolutely necessary to review the structural differences among all regional medical societies, the medical demand of each region, and also the local characteristics of each region.
감신,이상원,천병렬,예민해,강윤식,Kam, Sin,Lee, Sang-Won,Chun, Byung-Yeol,Yeh, Min-Hae,Kang, Yune-Sik 대한예방의학회 2001 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.34 No.2
Objective : To investigate the sources, extent and related factors in South Korean doctors. Methods : The study subjects were 934 doctors in Taegu, Kyungpook Province, Korea(540 independent practitioners, 105 employed at hospitals and 289 residents in training). Information concerning job stress was obtained using a 9-item questionnaire. Information regarding related factors such as demographic characteristics(age, sex, marital status), perceptions on the socioeconomic status of doctors and working conditions(work time, on-call days per week) was also obtained by self-administered questionnaire during April and May, 2000. Results : Major sources of job stress included clnical responsibility/judgement factor, patient factor and work loading factor. The job stress score of residents was the highest among three groups. The score was lower in older doctors. The score was low among those who thought doctors' socioeconomic status was not good. The longer the work time, the higher the job stress score was. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to control for the mutual influence of independent variables. In regression analysis, the score of residents was higher than practitioners. Work time and socioeconomic status perception had negative effects on job stress score. Conclusion : The average job stress score of the doctors was high. Age, work type, working conditions and perceptions of socioeconomic status were found to besignificantly related to job stress score. Although the job stress of doctors is somewhat inevitable due to the nature of the doctor's job, control of work time, development of coping tools and other intervention methods are needed to reduce job stress of doctors. Further studies are required to understand the characteristics of iob stress and reduce the job stress of doctors.
감신 한국보건사회연구원 2010 보건복지포럼 Vol.169 No.-
공공보건의료부문은 시장기전보다 역할부여가 필요한 영역으로 공공보건의료부문의 기능과 역할, 인프라 구축은 정부가 각별히 다루어야 할 영역이다. 우리나라 공공보건의료의 문제점으로는 국가 공공의료체계의 위상과 목표 설정의 부재, 절대 양적 부족, 공공의료체계의 기능 및 역할 설정의 불명확과 공공성 취약, 공공보건의료제공체계의 미흡, 중소 공공병원의 낮은 질적 수준 등이 제시되고 있으므로 이를 개선하여 효율적이고 효과적인 국가보건의료체계를 구축하여야 하겠다.