박종운 동국대학교 교수 : 원전은 안전하지 않다

박종운,신기주,권영탕(사진) 인물과사상사 2017 인물과 사상 Vol.- No.234

하나님의 은혜로 열방을 향해 비상하는 교회

박종운 현대기독교역사연구소 2019 성결교회와 신학 Vol.42 No.-

두개골에 전이된 거대 갑상선포상암 1례 : Case Report

박종운,채권병,김영,하영수 대한신경외과학회 1989 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.18 No.7-12

A rare and tremendous skull metastasis from the follicular thyroid carcioma is reported with review of the articles. Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid with distant metastasis is considered a relatively progressive tumor associated with poor five-year survival rate. The insidious character of the primary growth of the thyroid carcinoma is the long latent period which supervenes between the recognition of the primary growth and its secondary metastasis. The clinicopathological features, plain X-ray and C-T findings are discussed.

耳性 硬腦膜 外膿瘍의 3例

朴鍾雲 中央醫學社 1964 中央醫學 Vol.6 No.4

Three cases of otitis epidural abscess were encountered at Otolaryngologic Department, Chonnam University Hospital from April 1963 to May 1963. In two cases, the abscess were located superficially at the middle cranial fossa, The pus drainage in these cases was attained by radical mastoidectomy, exposing widely the destroyed tegmen antri. In the third one the abscess was situated deeply in the posterior cranial fossa and was successively drained through bony wall of the sigmoid sinus which had been destroyed with perisinus abscess.

사물탕(四物湯)이 노화백서(老化白鼠) 뇌조직(腦組織)의 생화학적(生化學的) 변화(變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)

박종운,이기상,문병순,Park, Jong-Hun,Lee, Ki-Sang,Moon, Byung-Soon 대한한방내과학회 1998 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

The present experiment was desined to examine catecholamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine, amino acids, malondialdehyde(MDA) and free radical scavening activity, by administering Samultang extract of a variety of concentraction to senile brain The results were summarized as followings: 1. Samultang significantly increased noradrenaline in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus of the brain tissue of senile rats, and even though Samultang increased noradrenaline also in other brain tissue, there was no significance. 2. Samultang had effects on dopamine changes in hypothalamus of the brain tissue of senile rats. 3. Samultang significantly increased 5-hydrotryptamine in pons-medulla oblongota and cerebellum, but decreased in hypothalamus. 4. Samultang increased amino acid in the brain tissue of senile rats. 5. Samultang significantly decresed lipid peroxide production in the brain tissue of senile rats. 6. Samultang significantly decresed MDA and free radical in the brain tissue of senile rats. According to the above results, Samultang is assumed to improve brain function by reacting on biochemical of the senile brain, and that Samultang can be used to treat regressive brain disease carrying symptoms of psychoactive disorders.

하나님의 정의와 사법의 정의

박종운 개혁주의이론실천학회 2020 개혁주의 이론과 실천 Vol.16 No.1

부분지급준비 제도의 안정 대책

박종운 한국질서경제학회 2017 질서경제저널 Vol.20 No.4

경제위기 및 금융공황의 전 단계에서 인위적 호황을 불러오는 요소로는 정부와 중앙은행의 지폐 증발, 그리고 이자율 인하 등이 있다. 이러한 조치들이 기업가들로 하여금 이윤을 낼 가능성을 더 높게 보도록 만들기 때문이다. 이때 기업가들의 자금조달 수단으로는 주식발행 및 은행 대출이 있는데, 그중에서도 투자자 설득 면에서 자금을 더 빠르게 조달할 수 있는 것은 역시 은행대출이다. 그러나 은행이 기업가에게 대출을 해주기 위해서는 100% 지급준비로는 어렵고, 부분지급준비 제도가 있을 때만 가능하다. 그러나 부분지급준비 제도의 취약성은 통상적인 확률 범위를 넘어서 상환청구가 들어올 때 이에 응하지 못한다는 데 있다. 준비율 범위를 넘어선 부분이 이미 장기 대출되어있기 때문이다. 개인들은 은행으로부터 대출해간 큰 사업이 실패했다는 소식이나 전쟁 등 정치적 위기가 닥쳐왔다는 소식이 있을 때, 요구불예금과 정기예금을 불문하고 이를 찾아서 자가보관하려는 위험회피 성향이 강하다. 그래서 뱅크런에 맞서 부분지급준비 제도를 어떻게 구할 것인가는 부분지급준비 제도의 출현 이래 계속해서 풀어야 할 난제였다. 그간 여러 가지 대책이 논의되었고 시도되었다. 먼저 부분지급준비 제도 초기에 행해졌던 방안 중에 스코틀랜드 은행이 추가 이자를 부담하고 상환 지연을 선택할 수 있는 ‘선택권 조항’이 있었다. 그러나, 그 조항은 금 은 등 상품화폐의 휴대편의를 위한 수단으로 발행되었던 은행권에 대한 즉시 상환을 지연시키는 수단이었기 때문에, 청산결제소를 통한 지원의 범위를 넘었을 때, 불만이 제기되었고, 결국 영국 의회에서 입법으로 금지되었다. 그러나 이 과정에서 대출된 예금의 일시 상환 요청이 있을 때 이를 지연시켜 위기를 막는 유용성이 있음에도 이를 살리지 못한 채, 함께 묻어 버렸다. 잉글랜드 은행 은행권의 경우에는 즉시 상환을 하지 못하는 사정이 발생했을 때 정부의 명령으로 상환을 중지시키는 길을 갔다. 다른 은행들은 어쩔 수 없이 정부의 명령에 따를 수밖에 없었다. 여기에도 발행된 은행권에 대한 상환청구와 별개로 예금청구 상환 문제가 있었다. 이를 해결하기 위한 방안이 중앙은행의 발권에 의한 최종 대부자 기능이었다. 그렇지만 그것만으로는 부족했다. 그래서 저축예금자자체를 안심시키기 위한 예금보험이 개발되었다. 이것은 미국에서 생겨나 전 세계로 퍼져나갔다. 그러나 현존하는 이런 제도들은 모두 외부에서 도움을 받는 것들이고, 뱅크런 사후 조치들이다. 그렇다면 애초에 사적 자치의 원리에 맞게 관계 당사자들에 의해 내부적으로 해결할 방안은 없을까? 예금자들은 자신의 예금이 다른 사람들에게 대출될 것임을 알고 있고 대출 회수 이전에 상환할 수 없다는 것을 알고 있기에, 그들로 하여금 자제력을 발휘하도록 할 제도적 보완이 필요하다. 필자는 그 제도를 부분지급준비 제도에 걸맞는 부분상환제의 실시, 또 그와 함께 예금 상환 관련 ‘선택권 조항’을 부활시키는 것이라고 본다. At the stages of the economic crisis and financial crisis, the banknotes overissueing by the government and the central bank, and interest rate cuts are said to be the factors that cause an artificial boom. These measures make entrepreneurs look more profitable in business. At this time, entrepreneurs can finance by way of stock issuance and bank lending, among which bank loans are faster means to raise funds because it is easier to persuade bank. However, to make loans to entrepreneurs, which is difficult under 100% reserve system, is only possible when there is fractional reserve system. However, the vulnerability of the fractional reserve system is revealed when redemprion claims are received beyond the normal range of probability and can not be satisfied. This is because the portion exceeding the reserve ratio is already lended with long-term loans. But individuals tend to avoid risks when they find out that big business that have been borrowed from banks have failed or when there is a political crisis such as war. Therefore, how to preserve the fractional reserve system against the bankrun has been a difficult problem to solve continuously since the appearance of fractional reserve system. Several measures have been discussed and tried. First, in the early period of the reserve system there was an ‘option clause’ that allowed the Scotland banks to delay redemption with paying additional interest. However, since the clause was used as a means of delaying the immediate redemption of issued banknotes as a means of mobile convenience, such as gold and silver, when it exceeded the scope of assistance through the clearing house, a complaint was raised. So, It was banned by legislation in the British Parliament. However, in the process, the usefulness of its crisis preventing function was also buried together, though when there was a request for temporary repayment of the loan, it could delay the requests and stabilize the banking system. In the case of the Bank of England, in the event of a failure to redeem immediately, the government ordered to stop the redemption. Other banks were compelled to comply with government orders. Nevertheless there was also a problem of deposit repayment claim, separate from the problem of issued banknote redemption claim. The solution to this problem was the ‘lender of last resort’ function by the central bank. But it was not enough. So, deposit insurance system was developed to reassure the depositors themselves. It originated in the United States and spread throughout the world. But these existing solutions are all outside help and are after-bankruptcy measures. In addition, it was the central bank’s bail-out system to relieve the local banks when they met crisis. And in the globalized economy, the size of banks has grown, and the size of bankrun has exceeded the ability of a central bank or deposit insurance corporation. So now by turning our attention to the origin, we have to try to find a way to make our problems more stabilized. Is there any way to solve it ‘internally’ by the parties concerned in accordance with the principles of private autonomy in the first place? Depositors are people who know that their deposits will be lent to others and that they can not be repaid before the loan is withdrawn from entrepreneurs etc. Therefore, it is necessary to make a systematic complement to make depositors self-restrainable. I consider the system to be a partial redemption which redeems within the given rates of the fractional reserve, as well as the application of ‘option clause’ to the deposits redemption claims. If these measures are applied, banks will be able to earn some surplus time, and if deposit insurance system actively cooperates during that period, we can find a way to relieve the disastrous situation of the whole economy failure and financial crisis due to the proliferation of bank runs.

슬롯 다이 코팅을 이용한 광 확산 입자 기반 Anti-Moiré Filter 제작

박종운,홍송은,전경준,신영균 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2022 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.21 No.4

With an attempt to suppress the moiré phenomenon caused by the interference between the black matrix of a display panel and the metal grid of a camera, we have fabricated an anti-moiré filter using light diffusing particles (LDPs) with the average diameter of 20 μm. It is demonstrated that the anti-moiré filter coated on a glass substrate (370 mm × 470 mm) using a table slot-die coater reduces the moiré intensity to a great extent when the area covered by LDPs is 50%. To quantify the intensity of moiré phenomenon, we have measured the lightness ratio and found that it is reduced from 132.12 down to 105.71 by the filter. To find the optimum area covered by LDPs, we have performed ray tracing simulations using Mie scatters as a substitute for LDPs. From the simulated irradiation distribution, we have calculated the standard deviation (SD) and contrast ratio (CR) to evaluate the moiré strength. As expected, the SD and CR values decrease with increasing covered area by LDPs. However, there exists a trade-off between the transmittance of the filter and its capability of reducing the moiré intensity in determining the area covered by LDPs.

硬膜의 動靜脈畸形

박종운,이규창,김영수,이헌재,서정호 대한신경외과학회 1978 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.7 No.1

We have experienced 3 cases of dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Among them, 2 cases were traumatic and one case was congenital origin. The need for careful preoperative definition of all feeding vessels by selective cerebral angiography is stressed. Most frequent arterial feeders were the tentorial, middle meningeal, occipital artery and meningeal branches of vertebral artery. A complete neuroradiological investigation was essential for adequate treatment. Common symptoms were headache and troublesome tinnitus aurium. More serious neurological deficiencies may occur as result of disturbance in cerebral hemodynamics. Direct shunting of arterial blood into the transverse and sigmoid sinus caused a considerable increase of the sagittal sinus pressure and elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). ICP decreased following obliteration of dural AVM by muscle embolization with ligation of external carotid artery in one case. Operative isolation of the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus by craniectomy or craniotomy and dural section is considered by far the most successful treatment. Purpose of this communication is, therefore, to describe the clinical and radiological features and various types of surgical procedure in 3 cases with dural AVM.

소아 두뇌외상에 대한 임상적 관찰

박종운,하영수 대한신경외과학회 1988 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.17 No.6

A clinical analysis was carried out with 108 cases of head injures under 15 years of age, admitted at the Department of Neurosurgery, In Ha University Hospital in 1½years between Jan., 1987 and June., 1988. The material was classified into three groups according to main lesions, i.e. 1) simple cerebral contusion without skull fractures. 2) various types of skull fractures. 3) intracranial hemorrhagic lesions, representing such lesions as follows : a) epidural hematoma b) subdural hematoma. c) intracerebral hematoma, intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The results were as follows : 1) The age incidence was greatest in 7 years of age, and 51 cases(47.2% of total)were included in the age group between seven and ten. 2) The accident occurred mostly between March and May. 3) Males outnumbered females by almost 2 : 1. 4) The head injuries were caused by traffic accident(52 cases : 48%), fall down(47 cases : 43%), hit(9 cases : 9%). 5) In clinical picture, vomiting(57 cases : 53.7%) and convulsion(8 cases : 7.4%) and neck sprain(55 cases : 50.9%) were developed and at accident, forty seven cases(43.5%) had the history of loss of consciousness. 6) Of the patients between GCS 15 and 14, 57 cases(92%) were included in the simple cerebral contusion. Of the patients below GCS 13, 45 cases(98%) were included in the skull fracture or intracranial hemorrhagic lesions but eighteen cases of the patients below GCS 13 were taken operation. 7) In skull fracture patients, the location in the order of frequency was parietal, occipital, temporal and frontal bone. The vault skull fracture was about twelfth fold as frequent as basal skull fracture and the incidence of linear skull fracture was higher than that of depressed skull fracture, the ratio incidence of linear skull fracture was higher than that of depressed skull fracture, the ratio being about 7 : 1. 8) Among the intracranial hemorrhagic lesions, the epidural hematoma was most common lesion. Twenty one cases(81%) of the patients with intracranial hemorrhagic lesions were accompanied by skull fracfure but of the patients with skull fracture, 21 cases(47%) were accompanied by skull fracfure but of the patients with skull fracture involved in the intracranial hemorrhagic lesions. 9) Contre coup injury was developed in 6 cases(12%) and Lucid interval was observed in 4 cases(15%) of the cases with intracranial hemorrhagic lesions. 10) Associated injuries were found in about 27% of the total patients. The frequent ones were clavicle fracture, femur fracture, tibia/fibular fracture, pelvic fracture and so on order. 11) Sequelae were noticed in about 20% of the total patients. The most frequent one was post traumatic syndrome. 12) The period of hospitalization was about 2 weeks on an average in non-surgical cases(83%) and 4-6 weeks on an average in surgical cases(70%).