미숙아에서 말초 혈량의 심박수에 대한 비선형적 연결 강도(Nonlinear Couple)의 감소

박은영,김창렬,염명걸 대한소아청소년과학회 2004 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.47 No.4

Purpose:We investigated the autonomic nervous and complex modulation of heart rate and peripheral blood volume, and linear and nonlinear coupling between heart rate and peripheral blood volume in full-term and preterm infants. Methods:In twenty healthy preterm infants and twenty full-term infants at postconceptional age of 30-37 and 38-41 weeks each, we recorded electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram simultaneously during sleep in the supine position. To evaluate the autonomic and complex modulation, we performed power spectral analysis and analysis of the univariate nonlinear determinism. To quantify degree of linear and nonlinear couple between heart rates and peripheral blood volume, analyses of cross spectrum and bivariate nonlinear determinism were performed respectively. Results:In the analysis of heart rates, preterm infants had significantly lower normalized high- frequency power (20.3±7.7% vs 30.7±15.1%, P<0.05), higher low-to high-frequency power ratio (3.0±2.1 vs 1.9±1.6, P<0.05), and significantly lower univariate prediction error (2.9±1.3% vs 4.1± 2.8%, P<0.05) when compared to full-term infants. In the analysis of peripheral blood volume, they showed no significant differences. Cross spectrum in all frequency ranges showed no significant difference between them. But preterm infants showed a significantly higher bivariate nonlinear prediction error (4.8±3.8% vs 3.1±2.2%, P<0.05) and a lower statistical coupling index (16.6±10.4 vs 22.9±9.2, P<0.05) than full-term infants. Conclusion:Compared to full-term infants, the heart rates of preterm infants are less modulated by cardiac parasympathetic activity and less complex. Furthermore, their peripheral blood volume was less nonlinearly coupled to heart rate. 미숙아에서 말초 혈량의심박수에 대한 비선형적 연결 강도(Nonlinear Couple)의 감소한림대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실*,한양대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실박은영*·김창렬·염명걸목 적 : 미숙아와 만삭아에서 심혈관계 신호의 선형 및 비선형적 특성의 차이와 심박수와 말초 혈량 사이의 선형 및 비선형적 연결 특성의 차이를 보고자 한다.방 법 : 20명의 건강한 미숙아(수태 후 연령 30-37주)와 20명의 만삭아(수태 후 연령 38-41주)에서 수면 시 1시간 동안 심전도와 혈량 측정기의 아날로그 신호를 컴퓨터로 전송 기록하였다. 그 신생아의 움직임이 없었던 5분간 매 심박동시 RR 간격과 말초 혈량을 측정하였다. RR 간격과 말초 혈량 각각에 대해 파워 스펙트럼과 비선형 예측오차를 구하였다. 이 RR 간격의 말초 혈량에 대한 상호 관계는 선형법으로 교차일관(cross coherence)을 구하고 비선형적 연결을 정량화하기 위해 비선형 연결지수(coupling index)를 산출하였다. 결 과 : RR 간격의 파워 스펙트럼 분석에서 미숙아는 고주파 파워(백분율)가 만삭아보다 의의 있게 낮았고(20.3±7.7% 대 30.7±15.1%, P<0.05), 저주파/고주파 파워비는 만삭아보다 높았다(3.0±2.1 대 1.9±1.6, P<0.05). 복잡성 지표인 비선형 예측오차도 미숙아가 만삭아보다 낮았다 (2.9±1.3% 대 4.1±2.8%, P<0.05). 말초 혈량의 분석은 두 방법 모두 양군간에 의의 있는 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 심박수와 말초 혈량의 상호 관계는 교차 스펙트럼의 선형 분석법으로는 모든 주파수에서 양군간에 차이가 없었으나 비선형 연결지수는 만삭아에서 22.9±9.2%, 미숙아에서 16.6%±10.4로 미숙아에서 의의 있게 더 낮았다(P< 0.05).

천자서평 2 : 하나님 , 저 이혼했어요 - 박은영 / 창조문화 / 2000 -

박은영 한국상담선교연구원 ( 구 한국상담선교학회 ) 2000 상담과 선교 Vol.8 No.2

PAI-A 증보판의 내재화 및 외현화 요인구조

박은영,박은영,홍상황 한국심리학회산하학교심리학회 2019 한국심리학회지 학교 Vol.16 No.3

This study was intended to verify that the Revised PAI-A scale reflected the internalization and externalization classification of adolescence problem behavior. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using PAI-A restandardization data. In addition, 31 Revised PAI-A sub-scales and SUI scale were used to identify the detailed factor structures. As a result of the analysis, the classification of internalization and externalization factors was similar to that of previous studies. In detail, the sub-scales of ANX․DEP and SUI were classified into internalization, the sub-scales of ANT and AGG were classified into externalization. It is noteworthy that each sub-scale of PAI-A was separated into internalization or externalization. For example, BOR-A, BOR-I, and BOR-N were loaded into internalization, but BOR-S into externalization. Next, in order to confirm whether the structure of the derived internalization and externalization factors can be applied to new samples, 350 samples were randomly extracted and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, but exclusive of the samples used for exploratory factor analysis. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the appropriate indices of internalization and externalization classification was close to the good level. Therefore, the Revised PAI-A scales have theoretical relevance to internalization and externalization classification of problem behaviors. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it can be used helpfully in the school settings in the future. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study were discussed. 이 연구는 PAI-A 증보판 척도가 청소년기 문제행동에 대한 내재화, 외현화 분류를 반영하고 있는지를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 PAI-A 증보판 하위척도 31개 및 자살관념(Suicidal Ideation, SUI) 척도 점수를 가지고 탐색적, 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 선행연구와 공통적으로 불안(Anxiety, ANX)과 우울(Depression, DEP)의 하위척도 및 자살관념(SUI) 척도는 내재화에, 반사회적 특징(Antisocial Features, ANT)과 공격성(Aggressive, AGG)의 하위척도는 외현화에 분류되었다. 주목할 만한 특징으로 경계선적 특징(Borderline Features, BOR)의 하위척도에서 정서적 불안정성(Affective Instability, BOR-A), 정체감 문제(Identity Problems, BOR-I), 부정적 관계(Negative Relationships, BOR-N)는 내재화에, 자기손상(Self-Harm, BOR-S)은 외현화에 분리되어 부하되었다. 이후 도출된 내재화 및 외현화 요인구조가 새로운 표본에도 적용될 수 있는지를 확인하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석에 사용된 표본을 제외한 350명의 표본을 무선추출하여 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 내재화 및 외현화 분류의 적합도가 양호한 수준에 근접한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 PAI-A의 척도들이 문제행동에 대한 내재화 및 외현화 분류와 이론적 관련성을 가지고 있다고 볼 수 있겠다. 이러한 연구 결과를 근거해서 향후 학교 장면에서 청소년들의 문제행동 평가에 PAI-A 증보판의 활용을 기대할 수 있다. 마지막으로 이 연구의 의의와 제한점을 논의하였다.

The simulation and preparation of perfiuoropolyther type Low refractive index polymer for anti-reflection coating film

박은영,이상구,하종욱,박인준,이수복,이용택 한국고분자학회 2007 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2007 No.4

Relation between Layering and Gardens - Focused on gardens in Korea, China and Japan -

박은영,최정권 한국전통조경학회 2015 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.13 No.-

In gardens, the picture frame becomes the center of interest as layering tells us how natural beauty is recognized. A garden is to confine nature. Physically making boundaries with walls is no different in the East and the West. But the appearance of the framed nature varies by country and by garden. The painting frames of gardens in Korea, China and Japan differ from one another in terms of not only their shapes but also their contents, i.e., how they express natural elements such as flowers and trees. Aesthetical experience through various ways of layering is the preferred way in the three countries’ gardens. Accordingly, this study discussed the characteristics of Korean, Chinese and Japanese gardens as art and comparatively analyzed the styles and methods of layering in these gardens. Representative layering techniques constantly present in the three countries’ gardens are shown, in Korea, through square ponds and the pillars, eaves and balustrades of upper floors. The subjects and contents of the frame are not artificial. In China, layering is shown through corridors and openwork windows. They intend to down scale vast nature and are artificial. Japanese gardens intend to keep the picture frame seen from the room constant. They calmly gaze at the scale-down nature while sitting in meditation and try to sustain certain forms and atmosphere as if they are facing paintings. The intentions of using layering techniques in gardens include: firstly, it gives space meanings to further highlight the contents in the frame. Secondly, it offers more stories to the space. The more frames, the more stories and the wider understanding of the space. Thirdly, in overall landscapes, natural aesthetics are ensured by enriching visual layers through borrowed landscapes or layering.

보건행정 전공 대학생들의 병원실습 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인분석

박은영,장영진,홍종필,Park, Eun-Young,Jang, Young-Jin,Hong, Jong-Pil 한국임상보건과학회 2017 한국임상보건과학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Purpose .This study aims to assess the influence factors on the level of satisfaction with hospital training and to provide basic data for more efficient hospital practice of students' public health administration . Methods . We have conducted a survey on students satisfaction with their hands on practice against 200 students in Busan, Kyeongnam and Kyungbook area, who have completed their practice in public health administration. We have identified the general characteristics of the target respondents, the current training status of the department for the hospital practice and training venue; also analyzed the characteristics composed of the apprentice student's attitude before the practice, satisfaction with the department training program and hospital for practice, as well as their practice at hospital. The general characteristics of the target respondents and clinic practice status at the hospital were measured in percentage and frequency analysis; the average and standard deviations of hospital size were also measured; and the correlations between satisfaction with the department, attitude towards the practice and satisfaction with the hospital were analyzed. Results . Most public health administration students experienced their practice at the hospital after the first semester on the $2^{nd}$year and they have received the foundation training for the practice. The survey allowed multiple responses and the results are as follows: medical terminology 49.5%, medical coordinator 36.7%, Hospital administration 26.5%, Health insurance 17.3%, and medical recording and practice 13.8% respectively. In terms of each individual student's attitude towards the practice at the hospital, the respondents answered as follows: I have completed the obligatory subjects for the practice before the practice 89.5%; I have been fully informed on the hospital for my practice. 74.5%; I responsibly practiced and worked with professionalism and sense of belonging to the hospital as a member of staff 90%; I have actively learned and adopted 95%; My knowledge and skills from the practice was relevant to the theory and practice from my course 83.5%. The findings of satisfaction by size of hospital were in order of a small clinic($3.24{\pm}0.63$), medium sized clinic($3.27{\pm}0.65$), hospital ($3.20{\pm}0.61$), and large sized comprehensive hospital ($2.93{\pm}0.74$). Consequently the satisfaction rate shows no significant difference by size of hospital. In relations between practice attitude and satisfaction with subject, the matter of acquiring information and fully understanding of the hospital for practice before practice(p=0.04), the matter of a sense of belonging and responsibility at hospital during practice(p=0.33). the matter of active adaptation attitude during practice (p=0.42), and the matter of correlations with school curriculum during practice(p=0.00) showed significant results. In relations between practice attitude and satisfaction with the hospital for practice, the matter of acquiring information and fully understanding of the hospital for practice before practice(p=0.01), the matter of a sense of belonging and responsibility at hospital during practice(p=0.04), and the matter of correlations with school curriculum during practice(p=0.00) showed significant results. Conclusion . The most essential subject for the practice in public health administration is medical terminology and there is no significance in satisfaction with the practice by size of hospital. Students were content with the hospital where they can experience as much as possible. Students content with their major show positive attitude towards the practice and so do those content with the hospital. Those with the positive attitude towards the practice show the high correlation of satisfaction with both the major and hospital. As a result, the satisfaction with the major is the significant attribute to the practice

음성인식을 적용한 멀티미디어 콘텐츠 방안 - 교육용 유아영어 앱을 위한 사용자 인터페이스를 중심으로 -

박은영,이경아 한국브랜드디자인학회 2013 브랜드디자인학연구 Vol.11 No.1

최근에는 학생 개인의 능력과 적성에 맞는 자기 주도적 학 습에 관한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 자기 주도적 학습이란 교육 자와학생간에서로상호작용하는교육이라할수있다. 이 를 위해 학생들이 주체적으로 흥미를 느낄 수 있는 다양한 교 육콘텐츠들이 개발되어 가고 있다. 특히 교육용 소프트웨어 에 오락성을 가미함으로써 게임을 하듯이 즐기는 가운데 학 습효과를 높이는 에듀테인먼트는 피 교육자의 흥미를 높일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 교육효과도 높일 수 있는 장점을 지니고 있다. 하지만 최근까지도 대부분의 온라인 교육 콘텐츠들이 스마트 교육의 장점을 최대한 살리지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 스마트 패드를 이용한 교육 이 등장하면서 새로운 사용자 경험을 줄 수 있는 다양한 어플 리케이션이 제작되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 스마트 디바이스의 장점을 적용하여 다양 한 기능과 센서를 응용한 교육용 유아영어 앱을 제안하였다. 특히, 음성인식을 통해 게임을 진행하게 함으로써 유아들이 게임을 하는 동안 자연스럽게 발화 할 수 있도록 기획하여 영 어와 쉽게 친숙해 질 수 있도록 하는 것에 주안점을 두었다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 다음과 같이 음성인식을 적용한 멀 티미디어 콘텐츠 방안을 제안하였다. 첫째, 학습자가 각각의 레벨을 거쳐 명령어를 완료하도록 게임프로세스의 콘텐츠를 구성함으로써 성취감과 만족도를 높였다. 둘째, 각각의 레벨을 수행함에 있어서 음성인식 이전 정지해 있던 캐릭터가 음성인식 이후 명령어에 따른 행동을 취하도록 동작의 변화를 주어 집중도와 흥미를 높였다. 셋째, 사용자의 음성입력이 성공했을 경우와 실패했을 경우의 프로 세스를 구분하여 재도전을 통한 반복학습이 가능하도록 하였 다. 넷째, 음성인식의 적중률에 따른 평가방법을 구분하여 학 습자의 동기부여 및 성취감을 높였다. 다섯째, 앱 인터페이스 디자인을 함에 있어서 다양한 멀티미디어 요소 및 기능을 활 용하여 인터렉티브 효과를 극대화시켰다. 이와 같이 제안하 는 멀티미디어 콘텐츠 방안을 통해 어린이들 스스로가 자발 적 의지로 게임 속 캐릭터와 친근감을 가지고 다양한 놀이 활 동을 체험함으로써 집중력을 높이고 학습에 몰입할 수 있는 자기 주도 학습 효과를 기대해 본다. Recently, there has been a surge of enthusiasm for self- directed learning, suitable for each student's competence and aptitude. Self-directed learning can mean education t hrough which educator and student can interact each oth er. For this, a variety of education contents through whic h students can independently study with interests have b een developed. Especially, one of them, Edutainment impr oves learning effect by adding entertainment to education al software so that students can enjoy studying using the software as if they play game. Therefore, it can not only stimulate educatee‘s interests but improve education effe ct. However, since most online education contents have n ot yet fully taken advantages of smart education, educati on program using Smart pad has emerged and a variety of its applications have been developed to give new user experience. The research suggests educational children English Ap p to which various functions and sensors putting advanta ges of smart device to practical use are applied. Especiall y, its main object is to make children be familiar with En glish by making them play voice-recognition games so t hat they can stimulate the children's interests. For this, the study suggested multimedia contents method to whic h voice-recognition is applied as the following.

실제 검색결과를 바탕으로 분석한 KOSIS(국가통계포털)의 장·단점

박은영 이화여자대학교 법정대학 행정학과 2014 梨花行政 Vol.- No.19

바넷뉴먼(Barnett Newman)의 <부러진 오벨리스크> - 기념비적 성격을 중심으로 -

박은영 미술사학연구회 2007 美術史學報 Vol.- No.28

탄탈륨 질화물(Ta₃N5)의 적색도 향상에 미치는 NH4Cl의 영향

박은영,피재환,김유진,조우석 한국세라믹학회 2009 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.46 No.6

The Tantalum nitride has attracted wide at attention as issues related to the toxicity of Cd-related materials. But in the titration process of TaCl5 solution with NH₄OH, NH₄Cl, as a by product, was remained in the prepared Tantalum precursor. The tantalum precursor with NH₄Cl was nitrided by ammonolysis. The red color tone of Ta₃N5 was reduced by the residual NH₄Cl reduce. Therefore, amorphous Tantalum precursor was prepared by filtering process with as hydrous ethanol to remove the NH4Cl. In the case of using Tantalum precursor without NH4Cl, we successfully synthesized the Tantalum nitride with good red color. The value of red color tone was improved from a* =36.8 to a* =53.0. The synthesized powder was characterized by XRD, SEM, the Nitrogen / Oxygen Determinator, TG-DTA, and the CIE L*a*b* colorimeter.