석각묘지명(石刻墓誌銘) 사료에 반영되어 있는 7세기 중엽의 당(唐)과 백제(百濟) - 신발견 당(唐) 군인[군장(軍將)] 묘지명을 중심으로

배근흥 ( Bai Genxing ) 백제학회 2017 백제학보 Vol.0 No.19

본고는 새로 발견된 한반도 출정 당 군인 출신 묘지명과 문헌사료를 통해 7세기 나당연합군과 백제 사이의 여러 가지 문제를 살폈다. 묘지명을 통해 당 출정 군인의 모집과 다양한 활동에 대해 확인할 수 있었다. 당의 군사 모집 방식은 부병 외에 모병, 번병, 의정 등의 방식이 있었다고 한다. 묘지명에 의하면 응모 방식으로 정벌에 참여하거나 行軍大總管 등이 隨從 장수를 선발하는 등 추천에 의한 사례도 확인되었다. 또한 백제 내 羈?府州에서 활동상도 묘지명에 기록된 사례도 있었다. 당의 군인들은 전함 건조 및 군수품 해상 운송 및 백제 전장 참전 군사의 사망 상황 등을 알 수 있었다. 묘지명 사료는 하나밖에 존재하지 않는다는 자료적 특징을 갖고 있으며, 찬자가 `이역 출정`에 대해 과장하여 표현함으로써 묘주의 위대한 일생을 부각시키려 했을 개연성도 있지만 묘지명 자료에는 당대의 상황을 보여주는 내용도 적지 않았다. 현전하는 문헌 자료의 부족한 부분을 보완할 수 있는 부분은 발굴과 정리 작업에 박차를 가할 필요가 있다고 생각된다. In the field of the East Asian history in the mid seventh century, except the Chinese, Korean and Japanese existing textual documents, stone inscriptions and epigraphs discovered by archaeological excavation in the three countries are important historical materials for researching some issues. In the 660s, aiming at the increasingly serious situation among the Goguryeo(高麗), Baekje(百濟) and Silla(新羅) on the Korean Peninsula, for building its world order, the Tang Dynasty combines the vassal state Silla in the southeast of Korean Peninsula, and destroys the Baekje in the southwest of Korean Peninsula at one fell swoop. Thousands of Tang`s soldiers and generals magnificently go out to battle by sea. Using the announced newly unearthed epitaphs in the past 20 years, and based on the existing research, this paper discusses the Tang soldiers` recruiting and generals` recommending and selecting, the issues related to Tang`s governance in the Daifang State(帶方郡) once belonging to Baekje, the building of Tang`s warships, the transportation of grain and other military materials, the loss of soldiers and generals, and so on. And hope the paper can provide addition and new research viewpoints to the existing research.

九世?唐?新??系考述 - 以?方使者往??中心

拜根興(Bai genxing) 한국불교연구원 2006 불교연구 Vol.25 No.-

激動의 50年 - 高句麗와 唐 關係 硏究

拜根興(BAI Genxing) 고구려발해학회 2002 고구려발해연구 Vol.14 No.-

激蕩50年 - 高句麗與唐關係硏究

拜根興(BAI Genxing),琴京淑(토론자) 고구려발해학회 2002 고구려발해연구 Vol.14 No.-

사료로 본 3명의 고구려 여성 이민 사적에 관한 고찰

拜根興 ( Bai Genxing ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2022 嶺南學 Vol.- No.81

서기 668년 당과 신라가 연합해 고구려를 멸망시켜 고구려 이민들이 당나라로 유입하게 되었다. 初唐은 개방·포용 국책을 시행하여 당나라에 입국한 고구려 이민자들을 수도 長安·동도 落陽 및 龍右道, 江南道 등에 안치하였는데 시간이 흐르면서 이주민들은 당나라 사람들의 공동체 안으로 융합되면서 당나라의 일원으로 자리잡게 되었다. 본고에서는 출토된 墓誌와 문헌사료에 의해 760년대에 당에 유입한 泉男生의 모친 泉氏 부인·고구려 婢女, 고구려 이민의 후손인 高提昔의 행적을 정리함으로써 이민자, 특히는 여성 이민이 당에 유입한 후의 각자 다른 생활 경력을 고찰하였다. 이로 인해 학계에 더 많은 入唐 이민에 관한 표본 자료와 모범 사례를 제공하고자 한다. In 668 A.D., when the Tang Empire and Silla allied to end the reign of Goguryeo,numbers of Goguryeo immigrants enteredthe land of Tang. As immigration was welcomed in the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Goguryeo immigrants were settled in the capital Chang'an (长安), the eastern capital Luoyang(洛阳), and the provinces of LongyouDao(陇右道) and Jiangnan Dao(江南道). As time went by,these people gradually became part of the Tang community. Based on epitaphs and historical documents, this essaytells the life stories of three characters: Ms.Quan(泉氏夫人), mother of QuanNansheng (泉男生who moved to Tang during A.D.660s), a maidservant from Goguryeo, as well as Gao Tixi(高提昔), a descendant of Goguryeo immigrants. By exploring different lives of the immigrants, especially female immigrants from Goguryeo to the Tang Dynasty, this essay tries to provide more examples about Tang immigrants to the scholarly community.

유민묘지명(遺民墓誌銘)을 통해본 당(唐)의 동방정책(東方政策)과 고구려(高句麗) 유민(遺民)의 동향

여호규 ( Yeo Hokyu ),배근흥 ( Bai Genxing ) 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2017 동양학 Vol.69 No.-

This thesis aimed at examining the Koguryo refugees as well as the Chinese Tang(唐) dynasty’s Eastern policy during the 2^nd half of the 7^th century, through remaining tomb epitaphs[墓誌銘] of those Koguryo refugees. As part of a joint project with Professor Bai, Genxing(拜根興) at the Shaanxi(陝西) Education University, I surveyed a grand collection of extant epitaphs of Koguryo refugees, and tried to examine their movements and activities. I also wanted to have a look at how they progressed as the Tang’s policy tended to change itself as well, and analyzed written documents from many perspectives to that end. As a result, I was able to recreate details of the refugees’ activities, which turned out to be quite diverse ever since the dynasty fell, and was able to newly determine how their actions affected the Tang’s policy in return. For example, the epitaph of Nam Dan-deok(南單德) and epitaphs of Go Heum-deok(高欽德) & Go Weon-mang(高遠望), which were all found in 2015, reveal how the Tang dynasty established a ruling authority over Koguryo’s old territory. From the epitaphs of Yi Ta-in(李他仁) and Yang Hyeon-gi(陽玄基, who was a Tang official) we can confirm that a Koguryo Revival Movement was widely in progress around 670 and 671 in the Buyeo region as well as areas nearby the Duman-gang river. In the meantime, the recently found epitaph of Go Eul-deok(高乙德) vividly shows us how Tang subdued the Revival movement around 673 and began to engage Shilla full-scale in 674. Tang organized a large army in 679 to protect itself from the invasion of the Turks, and through many Koguryo refugee epitaphs we learned that many of them were actually enlisted in the Turk front. And especially from the epitaph of Go Hyeon(高玄), we discovered that Koguryo refugees who had been dispersed and stationed in various Ju/州 areas were systematically pulled from where they were to be diverted to the front. Unfortunately we were not able to identify the status of Koguryo refugees who remained inside the dynasty’s old territory while the Khitans’ rise in June 696 which definitely led to Balhae’s foundation in 698 was heavily on our minds. The fact that since the Khitans’ rise the Koguryo refugees in the Liadung region were behind the Koguryo Revival movement was newly determined by epitaphs of Go Jil(高質) and Go Ja(高慈). As mentioned above, I examined all the existing written texts as well as newly discovered epitaph materials in order to analyze changes in the Tang dynasty’s Eastern policy as well as the ever-changing status of the Koguryo refugees from a multilateral perspective. The fact that Koguryo Revival movements also progressed in the Buyeo and Duman-gang region was newly determined during this project and will help enhance the overall understanding of this period. Also, the newly identified detail that Koguryo refugees in the Liaodung region involved themselves in a Koguryo Revival movement right after the Khitans rose will contribute to bettering previous understanding of the historical background which was behind the foundation of Balhae. Results from this project would be able to provide scholars and researchers with details regarding the Koguryo refugees’ actions, Shilla’s Tang policy, and changes in the Tang dynasty’s Eastern policy, and enable them to have a macroscopic view of the overall picture including the Unified Shilla’s firm establishment as well as the foundation of Balhae, which were all crucial changes the Koreans of this period were able to witness.