데이비드 킬비와 그의 기술 통사론

徐正一(서정일) 신영어영문학회 1996 신영어영문학 Vol.7 No.-

『모죽지랑가』의 형식과 내용, 창작 시기

서정목 ( 徐禎穆 ) 시학과 언어학회 2013 시학과 언어학 Vol.25 No.-

One of the most attractive songs among Hyanggas to me is Mojookjirangga. For the time and the motivation of creation, the background of the era, and the historical, political meanings of the song can be investigated nearly close to the historical facts based on already given historical records. The decipherment of this song was nearly completed by Kim, Wanjin (1980, 1985) I guessed that this song was originally 10 lines form Hyangga. Two lines, the third and the fourth, might be missing. In transcribing records, the order of lines might be changed in manuscript. Or the complexity of the manuscript might have caused the engraver to mistake the order of lines in carving the song on a wooden board. The blank after 曰(said), which may be filled with 14 letters, might be the place that the third and the fourth were carved into out of their own places. Finding the mistake at the time of proofreading of the engraved board, the proofreader might have made the plan (a) to shave two lines off this place, and (b) to move the following two lines to this place, then (c) to carve the third and fourth lines at the following place. But only the stage (a) might have been carried out, the stages (b) and (c) might be left unperformed. With this modification, the logical flow of the contents of the song becomes much better; the form of the song can be normally divided in 4-4-2 lines like other ten lines form Hyanggas; sentence-final endings can be found at the dividing points of paragraphs; and the exclamatory vocative word is situated at the head of the ninth line, obeying the law of number of syllables such as 3 lines-6 syllables. Most of researches on this song, following the decipherment of Yang, Joodong (1942, 1965, 1981), show the tendency to believe that this song was created while Jookjirang was still alive. However, the grounds of the argument that this song was created in Jookjirang`s living days, were very weak. The decipherments such as ``the figure which was showing the beauty`` and ``the face was wrinkled`` have some problems. The much-accumulated study of the records of ``Samkookyoosa`` does not coincide with this kind of argument. I have studied decades of years focusing on proving the interpretation that this song was created after Jookjirang`s death, following the decipherment of Kim, Wanjin (1980, 1985). With King Shinmoon`s succession to the throne, there broke out the well-known historical accident, Kim Heumdol`s rebellion, which made a certain circle of nobles from Hwarangdo be killed or expelled, and the Hwarangdo system be abolished. Because of this accident Jookjirang might have lost his political power, and died at King Hyoso period after living in obscurity for 12~3 years. I suggest that this song was created by Deuko, who had been very intimate with the noble Jookjirang in Hwarangdo, in order to be used as an elegy at the day of Thalsangjae, the ending ceremony of the mourning period, after two years from his death.

중국의 부상과 한미동맹의 변화: 동맹의 방기(Abandonment) - 연루(Entrapment) 모델적 시각에서

서정경(徐正京) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2008 신아세아 Vol.15 No.1

  본고의 목적은 한국정부의 대북 편향성이라는 전제하, 중국의 부상이 한미동맹의 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중국과 한미동맹이라는 양자 관계를 제약하는 외부적 체제요인, 즉 동북아시아에 전통적으로 존재하는 계층적 질서 및 21세기 중국의 부상으로 인한 동북아 세력구조의 변화와 행위자 요인, 즉 중국과 한미동맹간 상호작용을 함께 살펴보았다. 부상하는 중국의 대미국, 한국 인식 및 전략이 어떠한지, 그리고 미국과 한국의 동맹전략이 중국에 대한 고려를 중심으로 어떻게 변화하였는지를 살펴본 후, 실제 한미동맹에 발생하였던 몇 가지 방기와 연루 사례들, 즉 제2차 북핵문제, MD 편입문제 및 한미동맹의 전략적 유연성 문제로 인한 동맹의 안보딜레마 현상을 중국요인과 함께 논의하였다.<BR>  분석결과, 중국은 중국위협론을 잠식시키고 미중관계의 안정을 기하기 위해 북핵문제 해결에 최대한의 협력을 제공하는 한편, 미국과의 경쟁구도에서 보다 나은 위치에 서기 위해 한국에 대한 영향력 확대를 꾀하고 있다. 이러한 중국의 의도 및 외교행태는 한미 양국의 동맹 인식 및 전략에 영향을 미치고 특히 주변국 한국의 안보전략을 끌어당기는 원심력으로 작용함으로써 한미간 동맹의 방기-연루 현상을 초래ㆍ심화시키고 있다. 즉 중국의 적극적 개입 및 한중간 공조로 인한 한미간 갈등의 심화는 동맹 응집력에 일정한 영항을 주며, 한미동맹의 변화를 일정부분 추동하는 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 한국은 중국과의 관계 증진 및 공조를 통해 미ㆍ중간 충돌에 연루될 위험을 낮추려 하였고 전략적 공간의 확대를 기하려 하였으나 이러한 의도는 큰 성과를 얻지 못한 것으로 판단된다.   This article aims at analyzing the shift of ROK-U.S. Alliance affected by China"s rise under the premise of Korea government"s inclination toward pro-N.K. This article tries to explain both external structure factors - traditional hierarchical order in northeast asia, shifts of power distribution caused by China"s rise, and internal unitary factors - interaction between China and ROK-U.S. Alliance. It mainly analyze rising China"s perception and strategy on ROK and U.S. Shifts of ROK-U,S"s alliance strategy and ROK-U.S alliance"s security dilemma cases.<BR>  Through this article we can learned that the rise of China indeed influence and motivate the shift of ROK-U.S Alliance. China provide U.S. with cooperation actively to eliminate the "china threat theory," and tries to draw ROK into it"s sphere of influence with the intention of getting more favorable position within U.S-China"s competition, so it gives rise to and deepens the ROK-U.S. alliance"s security dilemmas-entrapment and abandonment crisis. China"s active intervention to Korea peninsula issues, constructive cooperation with Korea government, and discord between ROK and U.S complicated by China"s intervention undermines the cohesion of ROK-U.S Alliance, and facilitates the shift of alliance. This article also shows us that Korean government"s intention of broadening the diplomatic space using China card doesn"t seem to obtain fruitful outcomes.

남북언론교류… 9개월의 기록

徐正植(서정식) 관훈클럽 2001 관훈저널 Vol.- No.79

영남지역 범패 연구의 현황 검토와 연구 양상

서정매(徐貞梅) 원광대학교 원불교사상연구원 2021 원불교사상과 종교문화 Vol.88 No.-

차즈기 중 Metaflumizon 및 Pyrifluquinazon의 잔류특성 및 안전성평가

서정아,김태한,박홍묵,이윤수,김준희,박인호,김영대,김주환,김동현,맹지현,김지현,전용배 한국농약과학회 2023 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.4

육법공양 절차의 시대적 변천 연구

서정매 ( Seo Jeong-mae ) 동아시아불교문화학회 2016 동아시아불교문화 Vol.0 No.27

본문에서는 조선시대에서부터 오늘날에 이르기까지 육법공양의 절차를 시대별로 고찰하여 어디서부터 절차가 변화되고 오류가 나타났는지 그 시대적 변화양상을 살펴보았고, 아울러 경제범패와 영제범패의 절차를 비교하여 지역적 전승 양상에 대해서도 논의하였다. 그 결론을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 『진언권공』(1496) ·『영산대회작법절차』 (1634)·『오종범음집』 (1661) ·『제반문』(1694)에 이르기까지, 즉 15세기 말에서 17세기 말까지는 여섯 공양물에 대한 명칭이 정립되지 않았고, 명칭이 정례화되는 과도기로 보여지며, 이는 범어사『어산집』(1700)에 이르러서 정례화되었을 것으로 추정된다. 한편 조선시대 의례집인 『진언권공』(1496)·『영산대회작법절차』(1634) ·『오종범음집』(1661) ·『제반문(諸般文)』(1694) ·범어사 『어산집』(1700)은 비록 찬의 제목이 생략된 경우는 있지만 모두 찬(讚)과 공양(供養)이 각각 구분되어 전승되어진 공통점을 지닌다. 그런데 『산보범음집』(1713)에서는 제목에서 처음으로 찬이 생략되어져서 자칫 내용에서도 찬이 생략되어진 것으로 오인할 여지가 있다. 결국 『천지명양수륙재의범음산보집』(1739)에서 찬이 모두 생략되는 결과를 초래하였다. 다만 향찬만은 남아있으나 향공양으로 잘못 표기 되어있고, 『석문의범』(1935)에서는 이러한 오류가 그대로 전승되고 있다. 『석문의범』은 현재 경제범패의 의례서로 사용되고 있을 뿐 아니라, 1931년에 간행된 이후 현재까지 8쇄가 넘게 인쇄되고 있을 만큼 전국의 각 사찰에서 가장 많이 통용되는 의례집이므로 이러한 문제점을 인식할 필요가 있으며, 아울러 이에 대한 수정 및 방안에 대해서도 모색해 볼 필요가 있다. 둘째, 영제범패 의례집인 범어사 『어산집』(1700), 1800년대 후반의 백파의 『구감』, 성주 소장본 『구감』(1936년), 혜광 편저의 『구감』 등에서는 조금씩 차이는 보이지만, 육법찬(六法讚)이 생략 및 누락 없이 모두 전승되는 특징을 지닌다. 특히, 향병찬·등병찬·화병찬·과병찬·다병찬·미병찬 등 여섯 찬(讚)의 제목도 온전히 나타나있고, 배헌해탈향·배헌반야등·배헌만행화·배헌일엽과·배헌감로다·배헌선열미 등의 여섯 공양의 소제목도 각각 명시되어 있어서 육법공양의 의례절차가 가장 잘 전승되고 있는 의례서이다. 이는 최고(最古)의 의례서이자 누락이나 생략 없이 이루어진 『진언권공』(1496)과 비교해도 손색이 없는 의례서라 할 수 있다. 셋째, 아랫녁수륙재에서 간행한 『수륙재범음집)』(2009), 『예수재어산집』(2009), 수륙무차의례집』(2013)에서는 육법공양의 절차를 찾을 수가 없다. 왜냐하면 실제 의식의 설행에서는 육법공양의 절차가 아니라 오공양으로 작법이 설행되기 때문이다. 그런데 이는 마산의 아랫녁수륙재 뿐 아니라 부산영산재의 어장 용운, 구암의 경우에도 마찬가지이다. 따라서 영제범패에서는 화(花)를 제외한 향(香) ·등(燈) ·과(果) ·다(茶) ·미(米)의 다섯 공양만을 올리는 특징을 지닌다. 반면 경제범패에서는 명칭은 오공양이지만 여섯 공양물을 올리고 오공양작법이 이루어지고 있어서 영제범패와 경제범패는 서로 다른 지역적 차이를 보인다. 따라서 조선시대에서 현재에 이르기까지 육법공양의 절차는 통합과 생략으로 인한 변화가 계속 이루어져 왔고, 그 흐름은 지금도 계속되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 절차에서의 오류는 갑자기 이루어지는 것이 아니라 시대의 흐름에 따라 절차가 누락되고 생략되면서 변화가 조금씩 나타나게 되고 이로 인해 오류가 발생되는 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. In the body, the procedures of < Yukbeopgongyang > are studied over time from the Joseon Dynasty up to today and from where the variations of the procedures and errors appeared is revealed through chronological aspects of transitions. Moreover, the aspects of local transmissions are covered in comparison of Kyeong-je BeompaeBeompae and Yeong-je Beompae in ritual procedures. The summaries of these are as in the following first, from the late 15 century to the late 17 century - 『Jineongwongong』(1496)ㆍ 『Yeongsandaehoejakbeopjeolcha』(1634)ㆍ『Ojongbeomeum collections』(1661)ㆍ『Jebanmun』 (1694), the definition of the names of six offerings are not determined and it seems that the determination on names was on the way and finally fixed in the time of Beomeo Temple 『Eosan collection』(1700). Also, In ritual collections in Joson Dynasty such as 『Jineongwongong』(1496)ㆍ 『Yeongsandaehoejakbeopjeolcha』(1634)ㆍ『Ojongbeomeum collections』(1661)ㆍ『Jebanmun』 (1694)ㆍBeomeo Temple 『Eosan collection』(1700), even if there are some cases that the titles of Chan are omitted, all of them have been passed down with separation of Chan and gongyang. In the mean time, there was the omission of the title of Chan for the first time in 『Sanbobeomeum collections』(1713). which can cause room of the misunderstanding that the omission of the titles brought about that of contents. Eventually, there was a consequence that all Chan has been left out in 『Cheonjimyeongyang Suryukjaeui Beomeumsanbo collections』(1723). But another fact that should be attended to is that Hyang Chan still remains but is mistakenly written as Hyanggongyang and this case is true of 『Seokmunuibeom』(1935). Above all, 『Seokmunuibeom』 has been used as the standard of the ritual in Kyeong-je Beompae and it has been printed 8 issues since it was published in 1931, which can tell us that it has been used most widely by the temples across the nation. This requires the awareness of these problems and the consideration of modification or certain solutions. Second, in Beomeo Temple 『Eosan collection』(1700) which is ritual collection of Yeong-jeBeompae, 『Gugam』 written by Monk. Baekpa in the late 1800`s, 『Gugam』 (1936) held by Monk.Seongju, and 『Gugam』 compiled by Monk. Hyegwang, there are a few differences among them, but all Yukbeopchan are written without omission. Especially, in 『Gugam』(1936) held by Monk.Seongju, the titles of Yukbeopgongyang as well as those of Yukbeopchan such as HyangbyeongChanㆍdeungbyeongChanㆍ hwabyeongChanㆍgwabyeongChanㆍdabyeongChanㆍmibyeongChan are written precisely. Moreover, the subtitles of six gongyang such as BaeheonhaetalHyang, Baeheonbanyadeung, Baeheonmanhaenghwa, Baeheonilyeopgwa, Baeheongamroda, Baeheonsunyeolmi are written exactly, which means that it is the best ritual collection in transmitting the tradition of the ritual procedures. It is also similar in the procedures to 『Jineongwongong』(1496) which is the oldest ritual collection. Third, 『Suryukjaebeomeumjip』(2009), 『YesujaeEosan collection』(2009), Suryukmuchauiryejip』(2013) published by AraetnyeokSuryukjae are composed of Ogongyang instead of Yukbeopgongyang. This is because not the procedures of Yukbeopgongyang but those of Ogongyang are performed in real ritual conduction. What`s more, the same phenomenon can be found in Busan Youngsanjae of Monk, Yongun and Guam as well as in AraetnyeokSuryukjae of Masan. Therefore, small five offerings such as Hyangㆍdeungㆍgwaㆍdaㆍmi excluding hwa are carried out which can be the feature of Yeong-je Beompae. On the other hand, Yeong-je Beompae has the characteristic that even if the name is Ogongyang, six offerings are conducted but with OgongyangJakbeop(=dance). This demonstrates that there is local difference between Yeong-je Beompae and Kyeong-je Beompae. Accordingly, the variations of Yukbeopgongyang have occurred and are on going situation from Joson Dynasty up to now. It is confirmed that over time the procedures have been integrated and omitted and the variations appear little by little not all of sudden and after all the errors come along the way. This study revealed the variations and errors through periodical procedures over time and pointed out that the errors have been overlooked and performed without correction, which can be helpful for the proper transmission of the rituals of Korea buddhism and the opportunities to discuss the way we should go for it.

젊은 성인에서 몰입형 가상현실 균형 훈련에 따른 정적 균형 변화

서정표,여상석 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2020 PNF and Movement Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of HMD (head mounted display)-based virtual reality balance training on static balance in young adults, and whether appropriate balance training can help healthy adults to improve balance ability in daily living. Methods: The study subjects were 14 healthy adults. Subjects received 20 minutes of HMD-based virtual reality balance training 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Static balance was measured before, during, and after training and after one month. Static balance was measured in a total of 8 conditions, and the results were classified as visual (F1), somatosensory (F5-6), vestibular (F2-4), and central nervous system (F7-8). Results: The test results showed no significant difference in pre-training, post-training, and follow-up results under all conditions at Fourier index F1, F5-6, and F7-8 frequencies. For the F2-4 frequency, there was a significant difference before and after training under NC (neutral head position, eyes closed, firm surface) and PC (neutral head position, eyes closed, elastic surface) conditions. The NC condition returned a significant decrease of F2-4 frequency in post-training testing as compared to pre-training, and the PC condition showed a significant decrease of F2-4 frequency between the pre-training and mid-training tests, and between the pre-training and post-training tests. Conclusion: These results indicate that HMD-based balance training can improve balance ability, even in normal adults, and seems especially effective for vestibular function training.

Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils and groundwater at the 2000 Olympic Games site, Sydney, Australia

서정율 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004 지하수토양환경 Vol.9 No.1

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the hydrogeochemical implications of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in both soils and groundwater in reclaimed lands of Sydney's 2000 Olympic Games site at Homebush Bay in Port Jackson, Sydney. The Olympic Games site can be divided into three areas, i.e. 'reclaimed areas' were previously estuarine, and were filled with waste materials and are now above present high tide level, whereas 'landfill areas' are areas where deposition of waste materials occurred above sea level. No deposition of waste took place in 'non-infilled areas'. 4513 soil core samples and 101 groundwater samples were analyzed for Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn. The mean heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) concentrations in soils of the study area revealed the order of reclaimed (greatest), landfill and non-infilled area (smallest), whereas in groundwater it is all shown the order of landfill, reclaimed and non-infilled area, except for Pb. Mean Pb concentration in soils derived from the three land types at the Olympic Games site revealed the order of reclaimed area(174 mg/g), landfill area (102 mg/g) and non-infilled area (48 mg/g). Results reveal that soils contaminated by Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in reclaimed/landfill areas are associated with dumped materials. No relationship could be established between soil and groundwater concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in the landfill, reclaimed and non-infilled areas of the Olympic site, probably due to the varied nature of the materials deposited at the Olympic site. 본 연구는 시드니 포트젝슨(Port Jackson) 내 2000년 시드니올림픽사이트인 홈부시베이(Homebush Bay)를 대상으로 다양한 폐기물의 매립으로 인한 토양 및 지하수 내 중금속 원소들의 농도를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 올림픽게임지역을 3개의 지역, 즉 간척지역(과거에는 강하구였으나 폐기물로 매립되어 있으며 현재는 조수간만 보다 높은 지역), 매립지역(해수면 위에 폐기물을 매립한 지역), 및 자연 상태지역(폐기물의 매립이 전혀 없었던 지역))으로 나누어 조사하였다. 토양코어시료(n=4513) 및 지하수 샘플(n=101) 내 중금속(Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn)을 분석하였다. 본 연구지역의 토양 내 중금속(Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn)의 농도는 간척지역, 매립지역 그리고 자연 상태지역의 순으로 높게 나타났지만 지하수내에서는 납(Pb)을 제외하고 매립지역, 간척지역 그리고 자연 상태지역순으로 나타났다. 올림픽게임사이트 토양 내 평균 납(Pb)의 농도는 간척지역(174 mg/g), 매립지역(102 mg/g) 그리고 자연상태지역(48 mg/g)의 순으로 나타났으며 그 결과 본 연구지역 토양내 중금속의 분산은 농집된 중금속 농도와 매립된 폐기물의 존재와 밀접한 관련이 있음을 나타냈다. 그러나 올림픽 사이트 내 이질적인 폐기물의 매립으로 인하여 토양과 지하수 내 중금속농도의 상관관계를 규명할 수는 없었다.

21세기와 기독교

서정운 한국성서학연구소 1999 성서마당 : 한국교회를 위한 성경연구지 Vol.- No.39