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방풍망 차광시설 및 미세살수 처리가 ‘홍로’ 및 ‘후지’ 사과나무의 생육환경 및 과실 품질에 미치는 영향
강경진,서정학,윤홍기,서정석,최택용,천종필 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2019 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.28 No.2
In recent years, the deterioration of fruit quality caused by poor coloration and sunburn disorder has become serious problems in apple market, which is a result of the increase of surface temperature due to the abnormal temperature increase during summer season. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of wind net shading and fine water spray using sprinkler on fruit coloration, sunburn damage and overall fruit quality of 'Fuji' and ‘Hongro’ apples. Fifteen sprinklers (7L/hr) were installed at the orchard of the Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, located in Sinam-myeon Chungcheongnam-do Korea, at a height of 3m above the apple tree of 1.5m x 3.5m north-south direction. Fine water spraying treatment was divided into day time spray (10:00 am to 6:00 pm) and all day spray (10:00 am to 10:00 pm) from early July to 10 days before harvest in 2017 and 2018 season, respectively. Temperature of the surface of apple fruit, characteristic of fruit, and degree of sunburn damage were investigated. In ‘Fuji’, the fruit surface temperature checked at 2 pm on August 10 was decreased considerably in the day time spray (35.6oC) and wind net (39.0oC) when compared with the untreated control (44.4oC). Similarly, the fruit surface temperature also decreased considerably in the all day spray (35.1oC) and wind net (36.9oC) treatments when compared with the untreated control (46.5oC) in ‘Hongro’ apples. The incidence of sunburn disorder was significantly decreased with day time spray (5.0%), all day spray (5.8%) and wind net (7.0%) when compared with untreated control (23.4%) in 'Fuji' apples. As a results, the treatment of fine water spray and wind net consequently showed 26% and 34% increase of redness (a*) value in the skin color difference, respectively, in ‘Fuji’ apples. 사과 표면의 온도 측정 결과, ‘후지’ 품종에서 무처리구가 44oC로 가장 높게 나왔으며, 미세살수 처리구가35oC로 가장 낮아 사과의 표면온도를 직접적으로 낮추는데 가장 효과적이었고, ‘홍로’ 품종에서는 방풍망 처리구가 무처리구에 비해 약 9oC의 온도하강 효과를 나타내었다. 조도 및 광량은 방풍망 처리구가 53.263lx로 무처리구의 90.283lx에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 결과를 보였다. 그리고 오후 시간의 햇볕은 파장이 긴 적색광으로 과실의 품온이 증가하고 광합성량이 증가되는 반면 과실의 호흡량이 증가하여 색소 발현 및 저장양분의 축적에 저해요인으로 작용하는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 방풍망을 이용한 차광으로 빛의 강도와 온도를 인위적으로 낮추어 광포화점이 발생하지 않는 정도에서충분한 채광시간과 효율적인 광합성작용을 유도 하는것이 과실품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로 판단되었다. ‘후지’와 ‘홍로’의 최대양자수율 Fv/Fm 값이 다른 처리들보다 무처리구에서 0.74로 가장 낮은 것으로 조사되었는데 이는 미세살수, 방풍망 처리구가 무처리구에 비해 높은 광합성 효율을 나타내고 있음을시사하였다. ‘후지’의 일소피해 조사결과 미세살수 처리구는 5%, 방풍망 처리구는 7%로 무처리구에 비하여 일소발생이 약15% 경감되었고 ‘홍로’의 경우는 미세살수 처리구는22%, 방풍망 처리구는 25%로 무처리구에 비하여 일소발생이 약 7% 감소하였다. ‘홍로’의 일소피해 발생이 ‘후지’ 에 비해서 높았던 이유는 ‘홍로’가 ‘후지’보다 비대 속도가 빠르며 광을 받는 과실 표면의 면적이 상대적으로컸기 때문으로 판단되었다. 착색지수 중 적색도(a*)의 경우 ‘후지’ 품종에서 무처리구에 비하여 미세살수와 방풍망 처리구가 각각 26% 및 34%로 착색향상을 개선할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를종합하면, 사과 주요 품종에 대한 미세살수 및 방풍망처리는 추후 기후변화로 인인 사과생육기 고온증상으로발생할 수 있는 과실일소 및 착색불량 등 과실품질저해요인을 저감할 수 있는 현장적용이 가능한 기술로 판단되었고, 또한 이로 인한 상품성 증가로 농가 소득증대에기여할 것으로 판단되었다.
The Inhibitory Effect of Premature Citrus unshiu Extract on Atopic Dermatitis In Vitro and In Vivo
강경진,한상철,이은주,강희경,유은숙 한국독성학회 2011 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.3
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease that is associated with Th2 cellmediated allergy. The process that leads to infiltration of inflammatory cells into an AD lesion is remarkably dependent on various chemokines, especially TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17) and MDC (macrophage-derived chemokine/CCL22). Serum levels of these chemokines are over-expressed in AD patients. Citrus unshiu, which is known as Satsuma mandarin, has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, and anti-microviral activity. Therefore, we investigated the effect of EtOH extract of premature C. unshiu on AD. We did this using a DNCB-induced AD mouse model. We also tried to confirm an inhibitory effect for premature C. unshiu on the expression of inflammatory chemokines in IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulated HaCaT human keratinocytes. We found that extract of premature C. unshiu reduced DNCB-induced symptoms such as hyperkeratosis, increased skin thickness, and infiltrated mast cells, in our AD-like animal model. The extract decreased levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in ConA-stimulated splenocytes isolated from DNCB-treated mice. Also, extract of premature C. unshiu inhibited mRNA expression and protein production of TARC and MDC through the inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation. These results suggest that C. unshiu has anti-atopic activity by regulating inflammatory chemokines such as TARC and MDC.
意識改革의 必要性에 관한 小考 : 經濟意識을 中心으로 with reference to the economic consciousness
姜敬眞 진주여자전문대학 1990 論文集 Vol.12 No.-
Although our country has grown 10th trader in the world, it may fail in economy as the South American countries did in the past. So to overcome the economic difficulties, it is necessary to reform the economic consciousness, which is uncountable. The hungry spirit has made our economy rapid growth, but the decline of this spirit needs a new goal. The comparison between U. S. A. and Japan shows us that the mechanism is very different : The mechanism of economic viewpoint, economic system, economic behavior, and economic growth. Therefore it is a key point to consider the cause and effect of the economic growth. Economic consciousness of our nation is bringing up the problem of income distribution. And it is very hopeful to promote some recent reformations. That is a good way for the mechanism of "invisible hand" by A. Smith And this value viewpoint must fit our national archetype-equality type. All the more the leaders are to guide correctly the influence of General-paradigm with taking the initiatives and setting good examples.