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Lee, Youngju,Jang, Song-Rim,Vittal, R.,Kim, Kang-Jin Royal Society of Chemistry 2007 New journal of chemistry Vol.31 No.12
<P>In this study, a Ru(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) dye was linked to another TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-attached Ru(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) dye through the linker, <I>trans</I>-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (<I>t</I>bpe), and such TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film electrodes were used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The mononuclear Ru(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) dyes selected were N3 ([Ru(dcbpyH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>(NCS)<SUB>2</SUB>], dcbpyH<SUB>2</SUB> = 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid), N719 ([(C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>9</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>N]<SUB>2</SUB>[Ru(dcbpyH)<SUB>2</SUB>(NCS)<SUB>2</SUB>]), and N749 ([(C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>9</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>N]<SUB>3</SUB>[Ru(tcterpy)(NCS)<SUB>3</SUB>]·3H<SUB>2</SUB>O, tcterpy = 4,4′,4″-tricarboxy-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine). The photovoltaic characteristics of the DSSCs prepared using the above-mentioned TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film electrodes were examined. The DSSC with the dinuclear dye, N719-<I>t</I>bpe-N719 had the highest short-circuit photocurrent density (<I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB>) and thereby the highest conversion efficiency compared with the other cells sensitized by the other mononuclear or dinuclear Ru(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) dyes. The <I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB> enhancement was attributed to an increase in the conduction band electrons of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> due to the efficient intramolecular charge and energy transfer from the linked dye molecule to the immobilized molecule through a chain of conjugated double bonds in <I>t</I>bpe. These transfers are explained based on the relative LUMO levels of the dyes.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>An N719 dye linked to another TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-attached N719 dye through the linker <I>trans</I>-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (<I>t</I>bpe) renders higher conversion efficiency to the pertinent dye-sensitized solar cell, compared with those of the cells sensitized by the other mononuclear or dinuclear Ru(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) dyes. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b707220a'> </P>
Enhanced R&D Report Retrieval System Using XML
Kwangnam Choi,YoungJu Shin,Kiman Jang,Hoekyung Jung 한국정보통신학회 2017 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Vol.9 No.1
Recently, there is a growing demand for easy use of non-text (pictures, tables) in electronic documents. As a result, research interest in the use and retrieval of non-text in electronic documents is increasing. In this paper, we designed and developed a system that converts electronic documents into XML and provides both element - based text retrieval and retrieval of images and tables included in electronic documents. The method proposed in this paper expresses the image and table information in XML format. Therefore, the system can be conveniently implemented using commercial systems that support XML, and the retrieval accuracy of images and tables is improved.
장윤주(YoonJoo Jang),이영주(YoungJu Lee),정민정(Minjung Chung) 한국자원봉사학회 2022 한국사회와 자원봉사연구 Vol.3 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 국내외에서 연구된 기부의 정의와 측정방법을 검토하여 향후 국내 기부지수 측정 시 고려해야 할 점을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 기부 정의와 측정에서의 이슈를 다룬 문헌을 검토하고, 국내에서 생산된 기부 데이터셋 중 기빙코리아, 재정패널, 사회조사 문항을, 그리고 해외 데이터셋 중에서는 미국, 일본, 네덜란드를 비교 분석 하였다. 그 결과 한국의 기부행동 측정 시 고려해야 할 점은 다음과 같이 정리되었다. 첫째, 국내 기부의 정의는 미국에서 정립된 개념인 ‘필란트로피’를 준용하여 쓰이기는 하나 서양과 차별화되는 기부 개념에 대한 합의가 필요하다. 둘째, 다양한 기부 데이터셋이 개발되었지만 기부를 측정하는 문항이 이론과 선행연구를 통해 검토되어 개발되지는 못했다. 셋째, 소셜미디어와 기술의 발전으로 이전에 측정되지 못했던 기부방식에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 넷째, 시계열 분석을 위해 문항 변경에 유의해야 하며 일관성을 유지하기 위해서는 앞에서 언급한 기부와 관련된 항목 정리와 질문하는 방식이 정리되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to review the concept and measurement method of donations studied nationally and internationally present which points to be considered when measuring the domestic donation index in the future. Accordingly, documents dealing with issues in donation definition and measurement were reviewed, and Giving Korea, Financial Pannel, and Social Survey questions were compared and analyzed as domestic donation datasets and the United States, Japan, and the Netherlands among overseas datasets. As a result, the points to consider when measuring Korea's donation behavior were summarized as follows: First, the definition of domestic donation is used by applying the concept of ‘philanthropy,’ which is established in the United States, differentiated concensus on the concept of donation from the West is necessary. Second, various donation datasets were developed, but questions on measuring donations were not fully reviewed through theories or previous research. Third, due to the development of social media and technology, it should consider giving vehicles that have not been measured before. Fourth, for time-series analysis, it needs to pay attention to item changes, and in order to maintain consistency, it is necessary to organize the items related to the donation mentioned above and the way of asking questions.
이영주(Lee, Youngju),권동택(Kwon Dongtaik),유형근(Yu, HyungKeun),장진희(Jang, Jinhee) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2014 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.14 No.9
This study is to develop and validate a diagnostic scale for elementary and middle school students measuring adverse effects of their using mobile devices. Based on our literature review, we developed preliminary items composed of three categories: mobile device addiction, online deviation, and cyberbullying. The preliminary scale was distributed to a total number of 2370 students at the 20 elementary schools and 9 middle schools for the validation of the scale. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, we extrated 5 factors for the elementary school version and 9 factors for the middle school scale. We believe this diagnostic scale will be used as a comprehensive instrument to assess problems occurred from students’ use of mobile devices and contribute to practical use in the field. 본 연구는 초중등학생의 스마트기기 사용 관련 역기능을 진단 할 수 있는 검사지를 개발하고 타당화하였다. 스마트 기기 사용에 관한 문헌 분석을 바탕으로 스마트기기 중독, 사이버 일탈, 사이버폭력별 진단척도 예비문항을 작성하였다. 예비문항에 대 한 척도의 타당화 검증을 위해 초등학교 20개교, 중학교 9개교를 대상으로 총 2370명에게 배포하였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 초등학생 대상 검사도구는 총 5개의 요인이 추출되었고 중학생용 검사도구는 총 9개 요인이 추출되었다. 본 연구에서 타당화된도구는 학교현장에서 스마트 기기 사용 관련 역기능 문제를 진단하는 종합적 도구로실용적 기여를 할 것이다.
Color Change of Esthetic Restorative Materials for Different Staining and Whitening Dentifrices
( Eunjung Choi ),( Hyeonsoo Jang ),( Yelim Seo ),( Youngju Kim ),( Gayoung Lee ),( Youlim Kim ),( Soo-jeong Hwang ) 한국치위생과학회 2021 치위생과학회지 Vol.21 No.3
Background: As the importance of the esthetic function of teeth increases, the use of esthetic restoration materials and whitening treatment are increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the color change of esthetic restoration materials upon using staining and whitening toothpaste. Methods: Light curing (LC) packable composite resin, LC flowable resin, LC glass ionomer (GI), and self-curing GI specimens were colored in coffee or curry for three hours a day for seven days. After that, regular toothpaste, whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide, and whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal were applied for three minutes three times a day for two weeks. Luminosity (L), chromaticity a (a), and chromaticity b (b) were measured using a spectrophotometer once a week. Results: In the coffee-colored group, the change in L<sup>2</sup>*a<sup>2</sup>*b<sup>2</sup> (E<sup>2</sup>) with time was significant (p=0.004), there was no difference for different toothpaste types (p=0.646), and there was significant difference (p<0.001) for different esthetic restorative materials. The change of E<sup>2</sup> in the curry-colored group was significant only for different esthetic restorative materials (p<0.001). In the coffee-colored group, the L, a, and b values of the light-curing GI showed greater change than other materials after staining and one week after whitening, turning dark, red, and yellow. In the curry-colored group, L did not differ for different materials and times, and a and b showed the greatest difference in light-curing GI after staining and one and two weeks after whitening. Conclusion: The use of whitening toothpaste for two weeks was not different from the use of general toothpaste in the removal of staining or whitening. Since light-curing GI is the most vulnerable to coloration, it is recommended that coloring by food chromogen should be explained in advance, before using light-curing GI for teeth restoration.