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유산양 유즙으로부터 분리된 세균의 분포 및 항균제 감수성 검사
김혜라 ( Hye Ra Kim1 ),정지영 ( Ji Young Jung ),김선득 ( Seon Deuk Kim ),박준영 ( Jun Young Park ),조인영 ( In Young Cho ),신성식 ( Sung Shik Shin ),손창호 ( Chang Ho Son ),오기석 ( Ki Seok Ok ),허태영 ( Tai Young Hur ),정영훈 ( Y 한국동물위생학회 2012 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.35 No.4
The aim of this study was to isolate microorganisms from half milk samples of dairy goats by California mastitis test (CMT) during the lactation period and to further investigate the susceptibility of isolated organisms to antimicrobial drugs. From a total of 235 half milk samples with CMT scores of 2 or above from 366 dairy goats distributed throughout Jeonnam province, microorganisms were isolated from 198 (83.5%) samples either singly (99.0%) or in combination (1.0%). The most prevalent microorganism was the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., (44.4%, n=88) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (24.2%, n=48), Escherichia coli (11.1%, n=22) and Streptococcus spp. (7.6%, n=15). Isolated bacteria also included Bacillus spp. (2.5%, n=5), Pseudomonas spp. (2.5%, n=5), Micrococcus spp. (1.5%, n=3), Corynebacterium spp. (1.5%, n=3), Enterococcus facium (1.0%, n=2), Morganella morganii (0.5%, n=1) and Streptococcus agalactiae (0.5%, n=1). During the summer season, a high prevalence of all micro-organisms were observed in which Staphylococcus spp. (30.8%), Escherichia coli (8.6%), and Streptococcus spp. (5.6%) were among the most prevalent bacteria isolated. Staphylococcus spp. was also shown to be high in the winter (21.7%). In most samples, the presence of bacterial pathogens in goat milk led to the increase in the total somatic cell count (SCC). Most of the half milk samples of dairy goats with bacterial contamination showed SCC of ≥1×10(6) cells/ml (90.4%). Minor pathogens (11.4%) were more detected from milk samples with SCC of <1×10(6) cells/ml than major pathogens (4.1%), while the major pathogens tended to be higher from samples with SCC of ≥3×10(6) cells/ml. Susceptibility of these bacteria to 12 antimicrobial agents was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results indicated that more than 90% of bacteria isolated from CMT 2+ dairy goat half milk samples were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic, enrofloxacin and cephalothin while they were resistant to tetracycline (44.7%).
The level of urinary aflatoxin M1 in Korean adults
Yong-Dae Kim1, Hyojin Kwon, Sun-In Moon, Sang-Yong Eom, Jung-Duk Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Seok-Joon Sohn, Young-Seoub Hong, Ho Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ji-Ae Lim, Hae-Jung Yoon, Gwang-Jin Kim, Heon Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3
Competitive ELISA methods were used to measure the level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from urine in 1008 Korean adults. Subjects were selected by random sampling in all areas of Korea, except Cheju-do. The recovery rate of AFM1 using this method was 105% (73-124%). The geometric mean of urinary AFM1 in all subjects was 3.43 pg/mL (3.67 ng/g creatinine). The level of AFM1 in males was statistically higher, compared with female subjects. However, the levels of AFM1 did not differ according to age. Subjects in Chungbuk-do showed the highest urinary AFM1 concentration, whereas subjects in Kyeongnam-do showed the lowest concentration. Assuming an excretion rate of 5%, this AFM1 excretion corresponds to approximately 0.1 microgram/day in Korean adults.
Novel Repair Technique for Articular Cartilage Defect using a Fibrin and Hyaluronic acid Mixture
( Jae Deog Jang ),( Young Seok Moon ),( Yong Sik Kim ),( Nam Yong Choi ),( Hyun Su Mok1 ),( Young Ju Kim1 ),( Asode Ananthram Shetty ),( Seok Jung Kim ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2013 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.10 No.1
We evaluated the cartilage repair potential of a hyaluronic acid and fibrin mixture when transplanted into cartilage defects. Circular, articular, cartilage defects 4-mm in diameter were made in the trochlear region in 21 New Zealand white rabbits divided into three groups. The seven rabbits in the control group underwent microfracture (M group), the seven rabbits in the experimental group underwent microfracture with subsequent injection of hyaluronic acid mixed with fibrin (MH group), and seven rabbits in the other experimental group underwent microfracture followed by injection of bone marrow concentrate and hyaluronic acid mixed with fibrin (MBH group). At week 12 following surgery, the cartilage was observed and histologically compared in the three groups. The surface of the newly generated cartilage was very smooth and even, and we noticed that the entire area was completely regenerated in both experimental groups. The control group showed incomplete and irregular cartilage formation in the defect. In histologic scoring, comparison of the MBH group (M= 2.333) and the M group (M= 9.000) differed significantly (P= 0.046). Therefore, injection of a mixture of bone marrow concentrate, hyaluronic acid and fibrin to treat articular cartilage defects of the knee appears to be an effective method of cartilage regeneration.
( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3
Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)
Assessment of In Vitro Assay System for Thyroid HormoneDisruptors Using Rat Pituitary GH3 Cells
Hee Jin Kim1,Hae Young Park1,Jeonga Kim1,Il Hyun Kang2,Tae Sung Kim2,Soon Young Han2,Tae Seok Kang2,Kui Lea Park2,Hyung Sik Kim1 한국독성학회 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.4
The development of in vitro assays has been recommended to screening and test-ing the potential endocrine disruptors (EDs). These assay systems focus only on identifying thethe thyroid hormone (TH) disruptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate a test system to detectTH disruptors using rat pituitary tumor GH3 cells. The test system is based on the TH-dependentincrease in growth rate. As expected, L-3,5,3-triiodothyronine (T3) markedly induced a morphologicalchange in GH 3 cells from flattened fibroblastic types to rounded or spindle-shaped types. T3 stimu-lated GH3 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with the maximum growth-stimulating effect9 M. In addition, T3 increased the release of growth hor-mone and prolactin into the medium of the GH3 cells culture. Using this assay system, the TH-dis-rupting activities of bisphenol A (BPA) and its related compounds were examined. BPA,dimethylbisphenol A (DMBPA), and TCI-EP significantly enhanced the growth of GH3 cells in therange of 1 × 10-5M to 1 × 10-6M concentrations. In conclusion, this in vitro assay system might bestandardization before it can be used as a broad-based screening tool.
Sound Analysis in an In Vitro Endotracheal Tube Model
( Young Sik Park ),( Young Wook Kee ),( Kwang Suk Park ),( Jin Woo Lee ),( Sang Min Lee ),( Jae Joon Yim ),( Chul Gyu Yoo ),( Young Whan Kim ),( Sung Koo Han ),( Seok Chul Yang1 ) 대한내과학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.26 No.4
Background/Aims: Complete endotracheal tube obstruction is a medical emergency, and partial occlusion causes increased breathing rates and failure to wean off mechanical ventilation. Partial occlusion may be underestimated due to the lack of proper detection methods. We tested whether the sound of an endotracheal tube could be used to detect an endotracheal tube obstruction using an in vitro model. Methods: An endotracheal tube was connected to a ventilator on one end and a test lung on the other. Sounds were recorded with a microphone located inside the endotracheal tube via a connector. During mechanical ventilation, we changed the endotracheal tube internal diameter from 5.0 to 8.0 mm and different grades of obstruction at different sites were used along the tube. Sound energy was compared among the different conditions. Results: The energy of endotracheal tube sounds was positively correlated with the internal diameter and negatively correlated with the degree of obstruction. The rate of decline in energy differed with obstruction location. When the obstruction was more distal, the rate of decline in endotracheal sound energy was more rapid. Conclusions: Changes in the sound of an endotracheal tube can be used to detect an obstruction. Further studies are needed for clinical application.