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Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Communities Inhabiting the Fairy Ring Zone of Tricholoma matsutake
( Miae Kim1 ),( Hyeok Jun Yoon ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Ju Ri Woo ),( Yeong Gyo Seo ),( Gyeong Min Lee ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.10
Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.
Interkulturelle Trainings und linguistische Ansätze
( Kim You-ri ) 한국독일언어문학회 2022 독일언어문학 Vol.- No.96
미국에서는 2차세계 대전 이후 이문화 의사소통 및 이문화 교육 개념이 세계 최초로 연구되었다. 이와 관련된 연구성과물이 미국에서 출판되어 전 세계에 보급되었다. 90년대 초반 부터는 독일에서도 이문화 의사소통과 교육에 관한 연구가 활성화되었다. 이를 기반으로 하여 90년대 후반부터는 언어학 분야에서도 언어학이론과 화용론을 바탕으로 LAC모듈과 담화분석 모듈이라는 두 개의 언어학적 교육 모듈이 소개되면서 학계의 관심을 이끌게 되었다. 국제교류가 활발해지면서 다수의 기업과 공공 기관에서도 이문화 교육의 수요가 증가했지만, 아직 국내에서는 이 분야와 관련된 실용적인 연구는 부족하다. 미국에서는 이 분야의 많은 연구성과물이 있고, 독일은 대학을 중심으로 다양한 학문의 분야에서 교수 방안이 모색되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 학계의 관심을 받고 있는 다양한 이문화 교육 방법에 대해 개괄해 보고, 특히 이문화 교수법의 다양한 방법 중에서도 독일의 언어학자에 의해 개발되어 현지에서 성과를 인정받았던 두 개의 언어학적 교육 모듈을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 국내 학습전통에 부합하고, 이문화 이해에 도움이 되는 이문화 교수방안에 대해 기존 학자의 주장을 근거로 하여 제안한다. 시대가 요구하고 있는 이문화 소통능력을 향상시키기 위해서는 독일과 국내 문화와 학습 전통에 부합한 이문화 교육 모듈이 계속해서 개발돼야 할 것이다. Nachdem wichtige Trainingsansätze in den 50er und 60er Jahren von den USA ausgingen, ist in Deutschland das Interesse an interkultureller Kommunikation in den vergangenen 30 Jahren stark gestiegen. Auf der Grundlage linguistischer Theorie und Pragmatik wurden in Deutschland eigenständige Theorien entwickelt und interkulturelle Trainingsansätze abgeleitet. Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um einen Überblick über verschiedene interkulturelle Trainingansätze. Das Ziel der Arbeit besteht darin, die bisherigen Typen und Methoden interkultureller Trainings vor allem interkulturelle linguistische Trainingsmodule zu untersuchen. Auf diese Weise sollen Vorschläge zur Umsetzung interkultureller Trainings in Südkorea erschlossen werden. Es kann als Aufgabe für Südkorea und Deutschland gleichermaßen definiert werden, weitere eigenständige interkulturelle Trainingsmodule mit Anpassungen an die jeweiligen kulturellen Lerntraditionen zu entwickeln, um interkulturelles Verständnis zu verbessern.
Kim Hee-Hoon,Shim Young-Ri,Choi Sung Eun,Kim Myung-Ho,Lee Giljae,You Hyun Ju,Choi Won-Mook,Keungmo Yang,Ryu Tom,Kim Kyurae,김민정,Woo Chaerin,Chung Katherine Po Sin,Hong Song Hwa,Eun Hyuk Soo,Kim Seok-Hw 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
Chronic alcohol consumption often induces hepatic steatosis but rarely causes severe inflammation in Kupffer cells (KCs) despite the increased hepatic influx of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting the presence of a veiled tolerance mechanism. In addition to LPS, the liver is affected by several gut-derived neurotransmitters through the portal blood, but the effects of catecholamines on KCs have not been clearly explored in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Hence, we investigated the regulatory roles of catecholamine on inflammatory KCs under chronic alcohol exposure. We discovered that catecholamine levels were significantly elevated in the cecum, portal blood, and liver tissues of chronic ethanol-fed mice. Increased catecholamines induced mitochondrial translocation of cytochrome P450 2E1 in perivenous hepatocytes expressing the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), leading to the enhanced production of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Subsequently, GDF15 profoundly increased ADRB2 expression in adjacent inflammatory KCs to facilitate catecholamine/ADRB2-mediated apoptosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing of KCs confirmed the elevated expression of Adrb2 and apoptotic genes after chronic ethanol intake. Genetic ablation of Adrb2 or hepatic Gdf15 robustly decreased the number of apoptotic KCs near perivenous areas, exacerbating alcohol-associated inflammation. Consistently, we found that blood and stool catecholamine levels and perivenous GDF15 expression were increased in patients with early-stage ALD along with an increase in apoptotic KCs. Our findings reveal a novel protective mechanism against ALD, in which the catecholamine/GDF15 axis plays a critical role in KC apoptosis, and identify a unique neuro-metabo-immune axis between the gut and liver that elicits hepatoprotection against alcohol-mediated pathogenic challenges.
You Ri Yang,Young Cheol Kim,Se Won Lee,Si Woo Lee,Gwang Guk An,In Seon Kim 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.4
Rice bakanae disease pathogens resistant to conazole fungicide prochloraz have been reported in Korea. Understanding fungal response associated with the resistant is required for successful control of the disease. Investigation of prochlorazresistant responses of the rice bakanae disease pathogen, Fusarium fujikuroi, showed significant growth inhibition of the resistant strain after sodium azide treatment suggested involvement of the ABC transporter in fungal prochloraz-resistant responses. Prochloraz degradation was accompanied by fungal growth, dependently on sodium azide treatment. Partial sequence analysis of the ABC transporter gene confirmed that the resistant strain possesses an efflux transporter with high sequence similarity to genes of conazole fungicide-resistant pathogens. These results suggest that the prochloraz-resistant responses of F. fujikuroi CF245 involve an efflux transporter.
( You Ri Yang ),( Seon Hwa Kim ),( Myung Ryeol Park ),( Ik Soo Kim ),( In Seon Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.3
Aphids are one of the major pests in agricultural crops. A number of synthetic pesticides have been used for control of aphids in agriculture, but increasing public concerns over their adverse effects on the environment have required more environmentally-friendly methods for pest management. In this study, we examined plant oil formulations for the control of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Oil formulations were prepared by hydrolyzing the plant oils in ethanolic KOH solution and diluted at the rate of 1:500 for aphid control. The oil formulations showed aphid mortalities ranging from 24.44 to 43.33% in vitro. Significantly increased aphid mortalities were observed by the treatment of oil formulations combined with low-dosed imidacloprid. No significant difference in the aphid mortality was observed between the oil formulations. Mass spectrometry analyses of aphids treated with the low dosed-imidacloprid plus the plant oil formulations detected similar concentrations of imidacloprid between the treatments. In field trial bioassays against aphids, significantly decreased aphid population were observed in the pepper plants treated with soybean oil formulation combined with the low-dosed imidacloprid, while aphid population dramatically increased in the pepper plants treated with the low-dosed imidacloprid alone. These results suggested that the plant oil formulations can be used as an environmentally-friendly method for enhancing the insecticidal effectiveness, which may play a role in reducing the use of synthetic pesticide in agriculture.