Effects of pH Change by CO2 Induction and Salinity on the Hatching Rate of Artemia franciscana

Umme Salma,Md. Hasan Uddowla,이기훈,여영민,김현우 한국수산과학회 2012 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.15 No.2

To understand the effects of lower pH levels due to elevated CO2 and salinity, we designed and constructed a pH-control system that included automatic CO2 infusion and measured the hatching rate of a crustacean model species, Artemia franciscana. The pH-control system was cost-effective and capable of performing animal tests in which pH fluctuated around 8.0 ± 0.1, with the temperature around 27 ± 0.5°C. Hatching rate was observed under four different pH levels (7.0, 7.3, 7.6, and untreated control)combined with three salinity ranges (15, 25, and 35 ppt). The results demonstrated that lower pH levels led to decreased hatching rates regardless of salinity, and the minimum hatching rate was detected at pH 7.0 compared to the control (pH 8.0 ± 0.1), supporting the idea that OA has adverse effects on hatching rates and increases the risk of juveniles being

Molecular characterization of four actin cDNAs and effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on their expression in swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876)

Md. Hasan Uddowla,김현우,Umme Salma 한국통합생물학회 2013 Animal cells and systems Vol.17 No.3

Crustacean muscle fibers exhibit a high level of plasticity in various growth and developmental stages and understanding its mechanism is one of the important factors to improve the commercial value of the decapod products including shrimp, lobsters, and crabs. In the present study, four cDNAs encoding actins (PotActinSK1,PotActinSK2, PotActinHT, and PotActinCT) were identified from the swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus)using a PCR-based cloning strategy. Although the four cDNA encoding actins exhibit similarities in size and deduced amino acid sequences, their tissue expression profiles differ significantly from one another. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that muscular and cytoplasmic actins have been diverged before vertebrates were evolved and cardiac and skeletal muscular actins were branched out after the vertebrates were evolved. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and expression patterns, PotActinSK1 and SK2 belong to the slow-type skeletal muscle actins and the fast-type skeletal muscle actin has not been identified. PotActinHT showed the highest sequence similarity to Ha-ActinHT from H. americanus and appeared to be an ortholog of heart muscle actins in decapod crustaceans. PotActinCT exhibited the highest sequence similarity to the cytoplasmic actin of L. vannamei ActinT1. End-point RT-PCR results showed that PotActinSK1 and PotActinSK2 were strongly expressed in skeletal muscular tissues including chela propodus muscle, chela merus muscle, leg muscle, thoracic muscle, and there was no significant difference in the expression ratio between the two genes of those four tissues. PotActinCT was ubiquitously expressed in all the tissues, whereas PotActinHT was exclusively expressed in the heart. Interestingly, a considerable level of PotActinCT was expressed in the heart, which is similar to those of PotActinHT. The transcriptional response to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) injection was different in each PotActin suggesting that effects of muscle plasticity by 20E may differ in each tissue of decapod crustaceans.

Effects of pH Change by CO₂ Induction and Salinity on the Hatching Rate of Artemia franciscana

Salma, Umme,Uddowla, Md. Hasan,Lee, Gi-Hun,Yeo, Young-Min,Kim, Hyun-Woo The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2012 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.15 No.2

To understand the effects of lower pH levels due to elevated $CO_2$ and salinity, we designed and constructed a pH-control system that included automatic $CO_2$ infusion and measured the hatching rate of a crustacean model species, Artemia franciscana. The pH-control system was cost-effective and capable of performing animal tests in which pH fluctuated around $8.0{\pm}0.1$, with the temperature around $27{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. Hatching rate was observed under four different pH levels (7.0, 7.3, 7.6, and untreated control) combined with three salinity ranges (15, 25, and 35 ppt). The results demonstrated that lower pH levels led to decreased hatching rates regardless of salinity, and the minimum hatching rate was detected at pH 7.0 compared to the control (pH $8.0{\pm}0.1$), supporting the idea that OA has adverse effects on hatching rates and increases the risk of juveniles being introduced in the ecosystem. In contrast, salinity changes exhibited no synergistic effects with pH and had independent effects.

Evaluation of a Typhoid/Paratyphoid Diagnostic Assay (TPTest) Detecting Anti- <i>Salmonella</i> IgA in Secretions of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Khanam, Farhana,Sheikh, Alaullah,Sayeed, Md. Abu,Bhuiyan, Md. Saruar,Choudhury, Feroza Kaneez,Salma, Umme,Pervin, Shahnaz,Sultana, Tania,Ahmed, Dilruba,Goswami, Doli,Hossain, Md. Lokman,Mamun, K. Z.,C Public Library of Science 2013 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.7 No.7

<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Rapid and reliable diagnostic assays for enteric (typhoid and paratyphoid) fever are urgently needed. We report the characterization of novel approach utilizing lymphocyte secretions, for diagnosing patients with enteric fever by the TPTest procedure.</P><P><B>Methodology</B></P><P>TPTest detects <I>Salmonella</I>-specific IgA responses in lymphocyte culture supernatant. We utilized TPTest in patients with suspected enteric fever, patients with other illnesses, and healthy controls. We also evaluated simplified modifications of TPTest for adaptation in laboratories with limited facilities and equipment.</P><P><B>Principal Findings</B></P><P>TPTest was positive in 39 (27 typhoid and 12 paratyphoid A) patients confirmed by blood culture and was negative in 74 healthy individuals. Among 32 individuals with other illnesses, 29 were negative by TPTest. Of 204 individuals with suspected enteric fever who were negative by blood culture, 44 were positive by TPTest and the patients were clinically indistinguishable from patients with confirmed bacteremia, except they were more likely to be under 5 years of age. We evaluated simplifications in TPTest, including showing that lymphocytes could be recovered using lysis buffer or buffy coat method as opposed to centrifugation, that incubation of cells at 37°C did not require supplemental CO<SUB>2</SUB>, and that results were available for majority of samples within 24 hours. Positive results by TPTest are transient and revert to negative during convalescence, supporting use of the test in endemic areas. The results can also be read using immunodot blot approach as opposed to ELISA. Since no true gold standard currently exists, we used a number of definitions of true positives and negatives. TPTest had sensitivity of 100% compared to blood culture, and specificity that ranged from 78–97% (73–100, 95% CI), depending on definition of true negative.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The TPTest is useful for identification of patients with enteric fever in an endemic area, and additional development of simplified TPTest is warranted.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P><I>Salmonella enterica</I> serotype Typhi and Paratyphi A are responsible for typhoid and paratyphoid fever respectively and the disease caused is known generally as enteric fever. Appropriate and early diagnosis of the disease is important for initiation of treatment of the patient with a suitable antibiotic. The performance of the available diagnostic methods take time and as well as have low sensitivity and specificity. We describe here an immunodiagnostic assay, the TPTest, which is based on the use of secretions of antibodies from peripheral blood lymphocytes. We describe simplifications of the procedure and show that the assay has as a sensitivity of 100% with a specificity that ranges from 78–97% (73–100, 95% CI) for detecting patients with typhoid and paratyphoid fever in an enteric fever endemic zone. The TPTest uses a small blood volume, and reverts to negative by convalescence, supporting its further development as a relatively low cost assay to diagnose patients with enteric fever in endemic zones.</P></▼2>

Virus like particles- A recent advancement in vaccine development

Bishajit Sarkar,Syed Sajidul Islam,Umme Salma Zohora,Md. Asad Ullah 한국미생물학회 2019 미생물학회지 Vol.55 No.4

The unintentional reversion of various attenuated and inactivated vaccines has led the way of discovering and development of the virus like particles (VLPs) in the 1970s and 80s. The VLPs contain only the antigenic determinant portion of the structure of a target virus that is able to produce the same immune responses like the original viruses, however, since the particles do not contain any genetic material, the particles can’t infect like the actual viruses. They are able to induce both the humoral and cell mediated immune responses. Since infection doesn’t occur, this technology is a safe and reliable way to combat infectious diseases. Currently, VLPs are produced for a good number of infectious diseases and researches are going on to develop VLPs against many more diseases. Based on the structure, VLPs can be divided into two types: enveloped and non-enveloped VLPs. Enveloped VLPs have greater flexibility. To produce VLPs, various expression systems can be used: yeast, bacterial, mammalian, insect, and plant cells can be used. Insect cell culture system is mainly used in VLP production. The appropriate system should be determined based on the VLP type in question. The production and purification of all the VLPs are quite similar: the cloning of the gene for the antigenic portion, cell harvesting, disruption (if necessary), clarification, concentration and characterization, these steps are done using various means. This review summarizes the types of VLPs, their immunogenic properties, various expression systems that can be used for production and the production procedures of various VLPs.