제주지역에서 소비되는 식품 중 ^(137)Cs과 ^(40)K 방사능 농도

강태우,홍경애,박원표,유장걸 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2003 연구보고 Vol.17 No.-

본 연구는 제주지역에서 소비되는 식품류 중의 ^(137)Cs과 ^(40)K 방사능 농도를 조사하여, 식품 섭취에 따른 ^(137)Cs과 ^(40)K에 의한 내부피폭선량의 값을 평가함으로써 만일의 원자력사고로 인한 방사능 오염에 대처할 수 있는 기초 자료를 확보하고자 수행하였다. 시료로 채취한 식품류는 농산물 31, 축산물 6, 수산물 12, 임산물 4, 가공식품(차류) 3종류였고 방사능 분석은 고순도 게르마늄검출기가 장착된 감마선분광계로 수행하였다. 시료 중 ^(137)Cs 방사능 농도범위는 농산물이 MDA이하~650 mBq/㎏·fresh, 축산물은 16.6~542 Bq/㎏·fresh, 임산물 MDA이하~131 mBq/㎏·fresh, 수산물 39.1~294 Bq/㎏·fresh, 그리고 가공식품은 MDA이하~834 mBq/㎏·fresh이었다. ^(40)K의 경우는 농산물85.5~l16 Bq/㎏·fresh, 축산물 MDA이하~246 mBq/㎏·fresh, 임산물 50.1~657 mBq/㎏·fresh, 수산물 32.0~483 mBq/㎏·fresh 그리고 가공식품 33.6~l,065 Bq/㎏·fresh 범위였다. 시료 중 ^(137)Cs 방사능 농도가 가장 높은 것은 표고버섯으로 834 mBq/㎏·fresh이었으며, ^(40)K은 커피가 1.065 mBq/㎏·fresh로 가장 높았다. 각 식품류 중 ^(137)Cs와 ^(40)K에 의한 연간 유효선량은 농산물이 66.543 nSv로 가장 높았고, 축산물 19,311, 가공식품(차류) 6.648, 수산물 6,579, 임산물 850 순으로 낮았으며 이것을 모두 합한 총 연간 유효선량 값은 99,941 nSv이었다. 본 연구에 포함된 식품의 1인당 연간 섭취량이 연간 식품 총 섭취량의 60%임을 감안해도 자연환경 중에서 이루어지는 외부피폭에 의한 연간 유효선량 2,400,000 nSv에 비하면 무시할 정도로 평상시 식품섭취에 의한 방사선 내부피폭은 매우 미량이었다. 이상의 자료는 유사시 방사선에 의한 식품류 오염정도를 식별하는데 필수불가결할 것으로 사료된다. This work was conducted to provide the reference data of radioactivity in the foodstuffs at a radiological emergency situation in Jeju Island. The foodstuffs sampled were agricultural(31), livestock(6), marine(12) and forest products(4), and processed foods(3) consumed by Jeju Islanders. ^(137)Cs and ^(40)K activities were determined by HPGe γ-ray spectrometry. The activity ranges of ^(137)Cs were <MDA(less than minimum detectable activity)∼650 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the agricultural products, <MDA∼131 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the livestock, <MDA∼834 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the marine, <MDA∼246 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the forest and 32.0∼483 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the processed foods(tea). In case of ^(40)K, the activity ranges were 16.6∼542 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the agricultural products, 39.1∼294 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the livestock, 85.5∼116 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the marine, 50.1∼657 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the forest, and 33.6∼1,065 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the processed foods(tea). The highest activity of ^(137)Cs, 834 m㏃/㎏·fresh in was observed in oak mushroom and ^(40)K, 1,065 ㏃/㎏·fresh in coffee. Annual effective doses of ^(137)Cs and ^(40)K by intake of foodstuffs per capita were the following order ; agricultural products (66,543 n㏜) > livestock products (19,311 n㏜) > processed foods (6,648 n㏜) > marine products (6,579 n㏜) > forest products (860 n㏜). Therefor total annual effective dose was summed 99,941 n㏜ which is quite low level comparing to the annual effective dose byexternal exposure, 2,400,000 n㏜. The data obtained in this study can be useful for monitoring whether the foodstuffs are contaminated or not at an emergency radiation accident, and showed that the foodstuffs consumed in Jeju are safe in terms of annual effective dose of ^(137)Cs and ^(40)K.

단순 스무딩 스플라인 함수 추정

강상길,이우동,윤용화,김종태 慶山大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1998 基礎科學 Vol.2 No.1

본 논문의 목적은 선형 스무딩 스플라인에 대한 단순하고 구체화된 형태를 제안하고, 구체화된 선형 스무딩 스플라인 형태를 통하여 스무딩 스플라인의 특성을 이해하고는 어떻게 비모수 함수 추정량의 도구로서 사용될 수 있는지를 보인다. 또한 예제를 통하여 다른 비모수적 추정량들과 비교하였다. In this paper, we give simple and closed form of linear smoothing spline. Through the form, we understand the characteristics of smoothing spline, and show that how the smoothing spline can be used as a tool for estimator of nonparametric functin. And an example is given for comparison of our esttimator with another nonparametric estimators.

호산구성 간농양 54예의 임상상

강혜련,권혁수,송우정,이상민,김태범,박혜경,장윤석,김윤근,조상헌,민경업,김유영 대한알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.2

Pd 촉매하에서 allylic alcohol과 hypervalent iodine 화합물의 위치 선택적 vinylation에 관한 연구

강석구,이홍우,장수범,김태현,편성재 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.2

The formation of carbon-carbon bond by palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl or vinyl halides with olefins, known as the Heck reaction, has become a powerful tool in organic chemistry. In the case of allylic alcohols, palladium-catalyzed reaction of organic halides usually affords β-substituted ketones or aldehydes rether than β-substituted allylic alcohols.

도시지역 한방의료이용자의 질병양상 조사연구

강영우,조태현,김병하,남철현,조남춘,안창수,이재홍 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-

To provide the basic data for improving of curative measures in oriental medicine and for developing of health education and preventive program after understanding of classification of diseases in oriental medicine users, questionnaire interview was carried out with city dwellers, over 20 years old, selected randomly in big cities from 2nd Oct. to 11th Nov. 1995. The results were summarried as follows: 1. In the general characteristics of subjects, the highest portion of each part was 61.2% of female, 25.5% of thirties, 28.5% of high school graduate, 63.3% of middle class and 11.8% of lower class in economic status. 31.9% was housewife, 73.5% was merried and 55.1%, 38.1% came from big or small cities each. 2. By 21 classification of diseases, 19.7% was blood disorders, 17.6% was pregnancy & delivery complications and 15.2% was endorine & nutritional disorders. 3. As for age 22.6% of endocrine & nutritional disorders in twenties, 20.8%, 28.1%, 27.8% of blood & defence mechanism disorders in thirties, forties, sixties each and 24.9% of pregnancy & delivery complications in fifties were the higher than the other groups. 4. By educational level, 47.8%, 30.5% of blood & defence mechanism disorders in uneducated and middle school graduate were the higher than the other groups. 5. As for occupation, 20.8%, 32.9% of blood & defence mechanism disorders in housewives and sales each, were the higher than the other groups. 6. By economic status, 20.2% of blood & defence mechanism disorders in middle and high class, were the higher than the other groups. 7. By marital status, 21.3% of endocrine & nutritional disorders in singles, 22.0%, 25.7% of blood disorders in having partners, were the higher than the other groups. 8. As for living areas, 18.2% of pregnancy & delivery complications in big city dwellers, 21.3% of endocrine & nutritional disorders in town dwellers were the higher than the other groups. The distribution of diseases in oriental medicine users wes very different by chracteristics according the results. So It's important and essential project to improve curative technics and to develop.

世界平和와 韓國의 役割

姜永晧,李瑛雨,金宇泰 경북대학교 법정대학 1976 法大論叢 Vol.14 No.-

World peace is an ideal which mankind has been searching for a long time. The League of Nations and the United Nations, established after World War Ⅰ and Ⅱ respecetively, were the results of the desire of peace-loving people attempting to solve international disputes and conflicts by peaceful means. Following the end of World War Ⅱ through 1950's the world has experienced a period of Cold War, replaced by an era of peaceful co-existence during 1960's. In 1970's the thaw in the struggle among big powers developed which further lessened the likelihood of war among the super powers. Taking advantage of improving international atmosphere, however, north Korean Communists have disguised themselves as the champion of peace and offered many so-called "peaceful unification formulas", thus misleading the world opinion. It is the objective of this paper to correct the misinformation concerning the problem of peace in Korea and to reveal true motive of the north Korean Communists by clarifying ROK's position on the issue of peaceful unification of the Korean Peninsula. Chapter Ⅰ is an introduction to this paper stating the problems and issues to be discussed in the paper. Chapter Ⅱ deals with putting Korean people's view of peace on the basis of the world peace by making clear the true idea of peace through historical development of peace theory in western history and searching the types of the world peace. Chapter Ⅲ is a study of peaceful nature of Korean people from the perspectives of Korean history. In order to make an effective analysis on above issue the Chapter is divided into three parts: first, a brief examination of the origin of Korean race; second, a study of Korean history based on mythology such as "Hong-Ik In-Gan" philosophy found in Dan-Gun myth and "So-Do" philosophy prevelant during the period of Three Hans; third, a historical recollection of numerous invasions of the Korean Peninsula by foreigners and yet the fact that at no time had Korea invaded its neighboring countries. Chapter Ⅳ deals with a period since the second World War, and particulary since the establishment of the Republic of Korea in 1948, in which the Korean Government, inheriting the spirit of peaceful nature of its people, has been pursuing peace. The Chapter is divided into two parts. The first deals with the period up to 1970 during which the R.O.K. was established (in 1948), the Korean War was erupted (in 1950), and the normalization of relations between Kore and Japan was achieved (in 1965). Internally, political stability and economic growth were realized in order to establish a firm base for an eventual peaceful unification of the Peninsula. Externally, this period saw the Republic of Korea expanding its diplomatic activities by establishing multilateral relationship with foreign countries. Since the beginning of the 1970's. President Park Chung Hee has universally published a series of epock-making plans to settle peace on the Korean Peninsula. President Park's August 15 Declaration (1970), a south-north joint communigue´ (1972), the declaration of a new foreign policy for peace and peaceful unification (1973), the proposal of non=aggression pact between the south and north (1974), and the proposal of three basic principles for peaceful unification (1974)-these are the expressions of the R.O.K.'s efforts to settle peace on the Peninsula and to contribute actively to the world peace. By studying the contribution of Korea to the world peace, it is hoped that the efforts by the Korean Government by clearly understood and this article would contribute in a small way toward the eventual unification of the Korean Penininsula.

감마 분광 분석을 이용한 환경 시료 중 ^(226)Ra 및 ^(232)Th 방사능농도 검증

강태우,고정대 제주대학교 방사선응용과학연구소 2008 방사선응용과학연구소논문집 Vol.22 No.-

The objective of this study was to get the reliable data and to improve nuclear analytical techniques. The gypsum and soil samples was obtained from Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety(KINS), the measurement of ^(226)Ra and ^(232)Th activities were performed by gamma-ray spectrometry system consisted with a high purity germanium(HPGe) detector. Their activities showed a good agreement within the confidence intervals and were evaluated to be reliable. Therefore, the results obtained in this study can be useful for measurement of ^(226)Ra and ^(232)Th activities in the environmental sample using HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry. 본 실험은 환경방사능 분석 기술의 능력 검증과 신뢰도를 확보하기 위하여 석고와 토양 시료를 KINS로부터 제공받아 고순도 게르마늄 검출기로 구성된 감마 분광계를 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 핵종은 석고 중 ^(226)Ra과 토양 중 ^(232)Th 감마핵종이었으며, 이들 분석 값들은 모두신뢰도 범위내의 값을 보였다. 따라서 고순도 게르마늄검출 시스템을 이용한 환경 시료 중 ^(226)Ra과 ^(232)Th 방사능 농도를 분석할 수 있는 능력을 갖출 수 있었다.

제주도 토양의 감귤나무(Citrus unshiu Marc.)에서 ^137Cs의 전이

강태우,박원표,송성준,유장걸 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2001 연구보고 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 제주도 토양 감귤나무에서 ^137Cs의 전이를 조사하기 위하여 유기물 함량이 서로 다른 제주도내 6개 지역의 감귤원에서 채취한 감귤과 토양시료를 감마분광계로 ^137Cs 농도를 측정하였고, 또한 토양화학 특성과의 관계를 조사하였다. 토양 중 ^137Cs 농도는 10.2∼40.0 Bq/kg dry 범위로, 유기물 함량이 높을수록 높은 경향을 보였다. 식물체 중 ^137Cs 농도는 가식부위의 경우는 검출하한치 이하 ∼91.8 mBq/kg·fresh, 잎은 검출하한치 이하 ∼235 mBq/kg·fresh의 범위로 가식부위, 껍질 그리고 잎 순으로 높았다. 토양에서 식물체로의 ^137Cs 전이계수는 잎, 껍질 그리고 가식부위에서 각각 2.15×10^-3∼1.25×10^-2, 7.28×10^-4∼8.13×10^-3 그리고 3.79×10^-4∼3.08×10^-3 범위로 가식부위, 껍질 그리고 잎 순으로 높았다. 토양 pH에 따른 ^137Cs의 전이계수는 서로 상관성이 없었으나, 치환성 K와 토양 유기물 함량이 높을수록 전이계수는 낮아지는 경향이 있었다. 우리 나라 국민 1인당 20 kg의 감귤을 섭취한다고 가정했을 때 이상의 결과로부터 산출된 흡수선량인 0.0048 μSv은 연간 예탁유효 선량 당량 값인 2.48 mSv에 비하여 거의 무시할 수 있는 수준이라고 생각된다. To investigate transfer of ^137Cs in the mandarin trees of Jeju Island, the fruits and leaves as well as the soil samples around each tree were collected from 6 mandarin orchards with different organic matter content. ^137Cs concentration was measured by HPGe γ-ray spectrometry, the relationship between the transfer values and the soil chemical properties was investigated. ^137Cs concentration in soil was in the range of 10.2~40.0 Bq/kg·dry and increased with increasing organic matter content. ^137Cs concentrations in each part of plant were in the range of MDA(minimum detectable activity)~46.8 mBq/kg·fresh(fruit), MDA~91.8 mBq/kg·fresh(peel) and MDA~235 mBq/kg·fresh(leaf), respectively. The distribution of ^137Cs in trees was showed as the following order; fruit<peel<leaf. Transfer factors of ^137Cs from soil to tree were in the range of 2.68×10^-3~1.02×10^-2, 9.07×10^-4~4.03×10^-3 and 4.73×10^-4 ~ 2.04×10^-3 for leaf, peel and fruit, respectively. The transfer factors were as the following order; fruit<peel<leaf. The transfer factors of ^137Cs from soil to tree were not affected by soil pH, but decreased at the high concentration of exchangeable K and organic matter.

濟州地域 土壤中 Cs-137과 K-40 방사능 함량

강태우,송성준,유장걸 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1999 연구보고 Vol.13 No.-

Radioactivities of Cs-137 and K-40 in Cheju soils were determined using multichannel analyzer with Ge detector. Cs-137 level in soils was 2.75 to 166 Bq/kg, Its average was 44.9 Bq/kg showing 1.83-fold higher than in mainland. There were the regional variations that Sogwipo-shi had the highest value of Cs-137 (56.1 Bq/kg) and Bukcheju-gun had the lowest one(30.8 Bq/kg). K-40 level in Cheju soils was 10.1 to 984 Bq/kg, being 2.47-fold lower than in mainland. There also were the regional variations that Cheju-shi had the highest value of K-40 (412 Bq/kg) and Namcheju-gun had the lowest one(220 Bq/kg).

지하철 기관사의 운행 중 사고경험에 따른 정신건강의 차이

우종민,강태영,이정은 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적: 본 연구는 지하철 운행 중 사고경험이 있는 기관사의 PTSD와 공항 장애 유소견자의 분포를 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 운행 중 사고경험이 있는 기관사와 사고경험이 없는 기관사와의 공황 장애의 차이를 알아보고, 더불어 스트레스 수준과 업무 관련 증상 및 수면 건강의 차이를 알아보고자 실시되었다. 방법: 2004년 4월∼5월 수도권 지하철 기관사 628명을 대상으로 스트레스 증상 수준, 수면 건강, 공황 장애, 임상가를 위한 PTSD 설문지 등을 이용하여 정신건강 상태를 조사하였다. 결과: 운행 중 사고경험이 있는 기관사의 PTSD 유소견자 비율이 일반인구에 나타나는 PTSD 유병률에 비해서 높았으며, 공황 장애와 공병도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사고경험이 있는 기관사는 없는 기관사에 비해서 공황 장애 유소견자의 비율이 높으며, 스트레스 증상과 그 하위척도인 우울 증상과 분노 증상도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라 근무 관련 증상으로는 일에 대한 의욕 저하와 집중력이 저하되어 실수가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 일부 수면 건강도 사고경험이 있는 기관사가 없는 기관사에 비해서 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 운행 중 사고경험은 정신적인 건강을 위협할 뿐만 아니라 업무 효율성도 떨어뜨리게 된다. 따라서 이러한 스트레스의 악영향을 없애기 위해서 사고와 연관되어 나타나는 심리적인 반응 및 증상을 이해하고 외상후 스트레스 장애 및 공황 장애와 같은 후유증을 치료하는 프로그램을 개발하고 활용해야 한다. Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of Post traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and the comorbidity with panic disorder in subway drivers who experienced accidents on the track. In addition, this study examined the differences in panic disorder, stress levels, work-related problems, and sleep disturbances between drivers with and without an accident-experience. Methods: 628 Seoul metropolitan subway drivers were participated in this study. We assessed mental health status of the subjects using the Clinician-administered PTSD scale (CAPS), panic disorder scale based on the DSM-IV criteria, Worker's Stress Response Inventory, and Sleep Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of PTSD and comorbid panic disorder was significantly higher among those drivers who had experienced accidents than in those who had not. Drivers with an accident experience showed significantly higher somatic, depressive, anger symptoms in the stress measures, and more sleep problems than those drivers without an accident experience. Conclusions: The experience of an accident on the track threatens both the work efficiency and the mental health of drivers. In order to reduce the negative effect of an extremely stressful event related to accidents, intervention programs for PTSD and panic disorder need to be developed and utilized.