서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

실리카흄을 흔입한 고강도 콘크리트 개발

홍창우,김태경,김경진,김성환,김남윤,심도식,이정호,윤청호,백민경,원치문,박제선,이주형,정경일 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

콘크리트 구조물이 대형화됨에 따라 설계단면이 증대되어 상대적으로 많은 경제적 손실을 부담하게 된다. 따라서 단면을 감소시키면서도 소요의 하중에 안전한 구조물을 건설하기 위해서는 우선적으로 구조물 건설에 기초가 되는 고품질, 고내구성의 고강도 콘크리트 개발이 절실히 요구된다 본 연구에서는 일정 시멘트비 및 혼화재 비율하에서 소요의 워커빌리티가 확보되는 고강도 콘크리트를 시간과 온도의 변화에 따라 증기 양생하여, 압축, 인장, 휨강도 뿐만 아니라 파괴특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 시료 제작시 시멘트 입자 사이의 공극 및 불연속 영역을 충전하여 고밀도화하기 위한 콘크리트용 혼화재로 시멘트 비표면적이 상당히 작은 초미립 분말인 실리카흄을 이용하였다. 또한 AE감수제 및 고성능 유동화제를 사용하여 혼화재의 첨가에 의하여 발생될 수 있는 워커빌리티의 감소를 방지하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 일정 양생 지속 시간하에서 온도의 증가에 따라 콘크리트의 압축, 인장 및 휨강도가 전반적으로 증가하였다. 동일하게 일정 온도하에서 양생 지속시간이 커짐에 따라 강도들이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 상대적으로 높은 온도와 긴 지속 양생 조건하에서 파괴에 대한 저항력이 크게 나타났다. The compressible, tensible, and flexibleresistance of the high strength concrete is analyzed by the experimentation in the present study. For the test, we cure several samples with the silica fume as a mixture being become dense the spaces between the particle of cement under the variation of both the temperature and the curing-interval. Then, the superplasticizer and the ezcon are also used to satisfy the required workability for construction. The compressible, tensible, and flexible resistances to a stress are increased as increasing the temperature and the time interval for the curing. Therefore it is concluded that the overal fractural and mechanical properties is improved by mixing the silica fume into the cement.

Truncated 사각형 패치에 의한 2 x 2 균일 원편과 안테나 설계

손태호,전홍표 순천향대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.9 No.1

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일 농촌지역에서 발기부전의 유병률 및 상관 요인

홍진표,송해철,이무송,이창화,안준호,한오수,안태영,김성윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a rural area of Korea and to examine the relationship between the prevalence and correlates of subjects. Method : This study was done as a part of the chronic disease survey of rural area by the Asan Foundation. Among 30 years or older population from Jung Eup, a rural area of Korea, 711 male subjects were sampled using a cluster probability sampling method. Trained interviewers visited and interviewed subjects aged 30 years or older with a structured interview. ED was categorized as 'none', 'mild', 'moderate', or 'severe' according to the ability to 'attain and/or maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse'. Response rate was 54.3% (N=386). Results : The age weighted prevalence of ED was 27.2% (minimal 14.1%, moderate 7.6%, severe 5.5%). Prevalence and severity increased with age. Liver disease and underweight were significantly (p<0.05) associated with ED. Smoking seemed to be correlated with ED, but did not reach statistically significant level. Conclusion : ED was highly prevalent in the rural community of Korea. Medical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables associated with ED may alert physicians to patients at risk for ED and offer insight to its etiology.

유전 알고리듬을 이용한 퍼지 규칙 베이스의 자동생성

김용호,심귀보,전홍태,박세희 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1992 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Fuzzy logic rule based controller has many desirable advantages, which are simple to implement on the real time and need not the information of structure and dynamic characteristics of the system. Thus, nowadays, the scops of the application of the fuzzy logic controller becomes enlarged. But, if the controlled plant is a time-varying/nonlinear system, it is not easy to construct the fuzzy logic rules which need the knowledge of an expert. In this paper, an approach by which the logic control rules can be auto-generated using the genetic algorithm that is known to be very effective in the optimization problem will be proposed and the effectiveness of the proposed approach will be verified by computer simulation of the 2 d.o.f. planner robot.

師範系 體育敎育科 志望生의 一般運動能力檢査 基準値 設定에 關한 硏究

梁點紅,高基俊,黃喆文,金泰運,金重雄,白永鎬,表內淑,黃太相,徐國雄 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1989 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

This study was analyzed the validity and the reliability of evaluation norm. which was used in choosing and grading events of the General Motor Ability Test. The General Motor Ability Test has been done for applicants for entrance to the department of physical education, college of education, Pusan National University. The subjects of this study were 433 applicants(men :387, women :46) for three years. They were tested in seven events : 1) 100m Dash, 2) 1500m Run(man), 800m Run (woman), 3) Throwing Hand-Ball, 4) Broad Jump, 5) Chinning(man), Flexed-Arm Hang(woman), 6) Zig-Zag Run, 7) Trunk Flexion. The results could be summerized as follows ; 1. In 100m Dash, 1500m Run, and Throwing Hand-Ball, man's average records were shown normal distribution which was inclined toward low ll grade. Therefore, the interval size of those three events must be regulated to lower. 2. Average records of Broad Jump in man were distributed into high (1) grade. So, the interval size must be adjusted to higher. 3. In Chinning, Zig-Zag Run, ad Trunk Flexion, man's average records were shawn normal distribution, and the interval size was similar to present records. 4. For woman, it was impossible to analyze correctly in all seven events because of the small number of subjects. So, it was for the sake of the reference. 5. The record of applicants for three years were operated to the variable quantity analysis. And the restults were these ; 100m Dash was F=3.0865(p<0.05), Chinning F=3.9309(p<0.05), Broad Jump F=14.7338(p<0.001), Throwing Hand-Ball F=4.9716(p<0.01), and Zig-Zag Run F=6.8297(p<0.001). Then, it was shown statistical meaningful difference in three groups. 6. In investigating the validity in choosing seven events, it was concluded that the events have been chosen reasonably. Because all events except for 100m Dash, and Zig-Zag Run in man were independent. From the analysis of the General Motor Ability Test, we could realized the necessity of regulating the standard and the interval size in several events. Then, we proposed the new evaluation norm which was suitable to present situation.

퍼지 논리 제어기를 이용한 유도 전동기 전류 제어에 대한 연구

崔洪圭,全光鎬,姜泰垠 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1995 産業技術 Vol.5 No.-

In this paper, we propose the control method of an inverter-fed induction motor using Fuzzy Logic Controller. The FLC chooses the switching states based on a set of fuzzy variables. Error in flux component magnitude of stator current error in torque component magnitude of stator current and flux position are used as fuzzy state variables. Fuzzy rules are determined by observing the vector diagram of flux and currents. The proposed controller shows a good dynamic speed response and decoupling characteristics. Moreover, since the rotor parameter has no effects on the performance the controller and the fuzzy controller possesses highly adaptive capability the performance of fuzzy controller is quite robust and insensitive to the motor parameters and change of operation conditions

유도 전동기의 동특성 개선을 위한 퍼지 제어기 설계

최홍규,전광호,최병숙,강태은 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1998 産業技術 Vol.8 No.-

The conventional PI control that are used in the control loop for outer speed of the induction motor, also has difficulty dealing with the dynamic speed tracking parameter variation and the load disturbance. As a result, the motion control system operates with a poor performance in the motor's low speed range. In this dissertation a novel speed control system that implements and fuzzy logic controller(FLC) is proposed. The proposed FLC used the speed error its rate of change and the drive current as three fuzzy variables. The real command output current is chosen by the dufuzzification of the fuzzy output extracted from the fuzzy control rules. The flux and the torque of the induction motor are estimated using the dynamic model with an excellent dynamic response over a wide speed range and with the rotor flux field-oriented scheme of the decoupling characteristics. The performance of this control system is substantiated by computer simulations.

요추부 유합 후 인접분절 각운동의 변화

김홍태,박봉훈,천동욱,김형표,정재호 대한척추외과학회 1995 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.2 No.1

A lumbar fusion may influence biomechanically on the remained unfused segments to take over the lost motions. The adjacent segments to fusion particulatly will experience an additional motional stress following a fusion, and then various late complications can occur. Moreover, the amount of this stress may differ according to the levels and extents of the fusions. The aim of this study is to evalu- ate this motional stress in different levels of fusion. A retrospective review of flexion and extension lateral radiograghs was undertaken for 142 consec- utive patients who had undergone various fusions in the lumbar region. Included in this study were the patients who had performed active daily livings after surgery and followed for minimum of two years. They were 60 males and 82 females, having mean age of 46.7(range 14-72). There were three posterior fusions, 123 lateral fusions, and 16 interbody fusions. The extent of fusions were one seg- ment in 71, two segments in 53, three segments in 16, and four segments in two patients. The follow- up period was 53 months in average(range 2-15 years). The intervertebral angles were measured on the flexion/extension lateral radiographs, and then the calculated intervertebral angular motions at follow-up periods were compared with those of preoperative values. The average increases of angular motion at the adjacent segments to fusions were 2.3˚at L1-2 seg- ment(ranging 0˚to 5˚increase),2.5˚at L2-3 segment(ranging 1˚decrease to 8˚increase), 2.9˚at L3-4 segment (ranging 3˚decrease to 12˚increase), 6.7˚at L4-5 segment(ranging 2˚to 18˚ increase), and 1.5˚at L5-S1 segment(ranging 5˚decrease to 7˚increase). The average increases of the above and below adjacent segments to fusions were 3.3˚(ranging 3˚decrease to 18˚increase) and 1.7˚(ranging 5˚decrease to 12˚increase) respectively. There were no significant differences in the changes of angular motion according to the extents of fusion and during these follow-up periods. In conclusion, the angular motions at the adjacent segment to fusions increased most signficantly at L4-5 segment regardless of the fusion sites whether it is below or above a fusion. Excluding the L4-5 segment, the angular motions at the above adjacent segments to fusion increased significantly compared to those at the below adjacent segments. The late complications at adjacent segments to lumbar fusions are expected to appear preferably at these segments.