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Quantitative Profiling of Dual Phosphorylation of Fus3 MAP Kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Hur, Jae-Young,Kang, Gum-Yong,Choi, Min-Yeon,Jung, Jin Woo,Kim, Kwang-Pyo,Park, Sang-Hyun Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.26 No.1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is a crucial component of eukaryotic cells; it plays an important role in responses to extracelluar stimuli and in the regulation of various cellular activities. The signaling cascade is evolutionarily conserved in the eukaryotic kingdom from yeast to human. In response to a variety of extracellular signals, MAPK activity is known to be regulated via phosphorylation of a conserved TxY motif at the activation loop in which both threonine and tyrosine residues are phosphorylated by the upstream kinase. However, the mechanism by which both residues are phosphorylated continues to remain elusive. In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fus3 MAPK is involved in the mating signaling pathway. In order to elucidate the functional mechanism of MAPK activation, we quantitatively profiled phosphorylation of the TxY motif in Fus3 using mass spectrometry (MS). We used synthetic heavy stable isotope-labeled phosphopeptides and nonphosphopeptides corresponding to the proteolytic TxY motif of Fus3 and accompanying data-dependent tandem MS to quantitatively monitor dynamic changes in the phosphorylation events of MAPK. Phosphospecific immunoblotting and the MS data suggested that the tyrosine residue is dynamically phosphorylated upon stimulation and that this leads to dual phosphorylation. In contrast, the magnitude of threonine phosphorylation did not change significantly. However, the absence of a threonine residue leads to hyperphosphorylation of the tyrosine residue in the unstimulated condition, suggesting that the threonine residue contributes to the control of signaling noise.
Hur, Sung-Pyo,Lim, Bong-Soo,Hwang, In-Joon,Kim, Se-Jae,Ryu, Yong-Woon,Hur, Sang-Woo,Song, Young-Bo,Jeong, Hyung-Bok,Baek, Hae-Ja,Takemura, Akihiro,Lee, Young-Don The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.2
We investigated the effects of fadrozol, an aromatase inhibitor (AI), and $17{\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (MT) on the induction of sex change in juvenile longtooth grouper $Epinephelus$ $bruneus$, via histological observation of gonads. Changes in the mRNA expression of GtH subunits (FSH-${\beta}$ and LH-${\beta}$) in the pituitary, and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels in the blood were also surveyed after AI and MT treatment. Juvenile longtooth groupers ($113{\pm}17g\;body\;weight$; $16.2{\pm}1.2cm\;body\;length$) received intramuscular injections of AI at 3 (3-AI) and 5 (5-AI) mg/kg BWdoses and MT at a 5 mg/kg BW (5-MT) dose. At week 7 post-injection, 3-AI and 5-MT oocytes were degenerated, and gonads of the 5-AI group initiated spermatogenesis. At week 21 post-injection, 3-AI- and 5-MT-treated gonads contained spermatogonia and spermatocytes, while 5-AI treatment induced advanced stages of spermatogenesis. The serum E2 level showed no significant differences throughout the experimental period, whereas that of 11-KT was significantly elevated in the 5-AI group at weeks 7 and 21 post-injection. A significant increase in the expression of FSH-${\beta}$ mRNA was evident in the 5-AI group at week 21 post-injection. In contrast, LH-${\beta}$ mRNA expression did not significantly differ among groups during the experimental period. These results imply that sex change has two stages in the longtooth grouper. In the first stage, oocytes are degenerated by the stimulation by 11-KT, and in the second stage spermatogenesis occurs, owing to the co-effects of 11-KT and FSH-${\beta}$.
Sung-Pyo Hur,Eun-Su Kim,Byung-Hoon Kim,Akihiro Takemura,Se-Jae Kim,Young-Don Lee 한국발생생물학회 2014 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2014 No.9
Melatonin has several known physiological functions, the main one being synchronization of daily and seasonal rhythms. In addition, melatonin has been reported to influence reproduction and behavioral rhythms with varying results depending on the species. To date, it remains unknown how this rhythm in locomotor activity is controlled endogenously, although there must be coordination of chemical and molecular drivers. However, the species is poorly characterized at molecular level with little sequence information available in public databases. The aim of study was to clarify involvement of endogenous melatonin rhythms and locomotor activity in day-night activity of the eel, Anguilla japonica which is an economically important but endangered species. The levels during daytime (zeitgeber time; ZT 6) were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those during nighttime (ZT 18). A similar pattern was persisted under DD conditions, whereas it disappeared under LL conditions and ocular melatonin levels remained low. Therefore, it is likely that ocular melatonin levels of the nocturnal eel reared under LD and DD conditions fluctuate in a daily/circadian manner and night-related physiological processes are dependent on eel locomotor activities which is a nocturnal species. We found that similar number of genes were differentially expressed between day (ZT6) and nighttime (ZT18), suggesting that during the nighttime also important in differential gene expression with daytime. This work also provides essential information for further studies investigating the molecular basis of daily/circadian system in this species.
Chemical Composition of Main Cordyceps species in Korea
In Pyo Hong,Sung Hee Nam,Gyoo Byung Sung,Kwang Gil Lee,Soo Muk Cho,Soon Ja Seok,Hyeon Hur,Min Woong Lee,Shun Xing Guo 한국잠사학회 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.18 No.1
The caterpillar-shaped Chinese medicinal mushroom (DongChongXiaCao) looks like a worm in the winter and like a grass in the summer. The fruiting body has been regarded as popular folk or effective medicines used to treat human diseases such as asthma, bronchial and lung inflammation, and kidney disease. The fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris, C. pruinosa and Paecilomyces tenuipes that formed on the living silkworm (Bombyx mori) host were used in this examination. This study was carried out to investigate the soluble sugar, amino acid and fatty acid profiles in the fruiting-bodies. Soluble sugars such as glycerol, glucose, mannitol and sucrose were mainly found in the fruiting bodies of C. militaris, C. pruinosa and P. tenuipes. Total soluble sugar content was 29.23 mg/g in C. militaris, 8.61 mg/g in C. pruinosa and 24.00 mg/g 1in P. tenuipes on dry weight basis. Total free amino acid content was 14.09 mg/g 1in C. militaris, 34.60 mg/g in C. pruinosa and 17.09 mg/g in P. tenuipes. The content of oleic acid in fatty acids was above high more than 30% regardless of species.
( Ki Pyo Kim ),( Joon Young Hur ),( Ji Young Choi ),( Ran Song ),( Sang Wan Chung ),( Yeon Ah Lee ),( Seung Jae Hong ),( Hyung In Yang ),( Sang Hoon Lee ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Some patients with severely advanced ankylosing spondylitis (AS) need to replace or correct destructed joints by surgical treatment. Among these patients, some patients who don’trespond sufficiently to conventional NSAIDs have to be treated by anti-TNF alpha blockades. We reviewed these patients to assess postoperative infection rate after surgery with prosthesis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients with AS who experienced the surgery with prosthesis in Kyung Hee university hospital at Gangdong in Seoul, South Korea from Mar 2006 to May 2014. Results: Total 307 patients underwent the surgeries such as total hip replacement (THR) or corrective osteotomy of spine. Among them, 25 patients have been treated by TNF alpha blockades after surgery. 9 patients had been treated by TNF alpha blockade before the surgery. Total follow-up period was 4.3±2.3 years per person. Their average ages for surgeries are 35.6± 10.7 years. Among them, 13 patients had THR and the others had corrective osteotomy in spine. 11 patients have been treated by adalimumab, 9 patients have been treated by etanercept and 5 patients have been treated by in. iximab. There was no wound complication associated with infection after the surgery during follow-up period in the group of patients treated by TNF alpha blockade. But in the group of patients who had been treated by conventional NSAIDs, one patient had wound infection after spine surgery. His age was 62 and he had uncontrolled DM. Conclusions: There is no increased risk of infection after the surgeries using prosthesis in patients with AS treated by TNF alpha blockade compared to the patients treated by conventional NSAIDs.