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Sujin Choi,Sang-Hoon Kim,Mi Seon Han,Yoonsun Yoon,Yun-Kyung Kim,Hye-Kyung Cho,Ki Wook Yun,Seung Ha Song,Bin Ahn,Ye Kyung Kim,Sung Hwan Choi,Young June Choe,Heeji Lim,Eun Bee Choi,Kwangwook Kim,Seokhwa 대한면역학회 2023 Immune Network Vol.23 No.4
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been acknowledged as an effective mean of preventing infection and hospitalization. However, the emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has led to substantial increase in infections among children and adolescents. Vaccineinduced immunity and longevity have not been well defined in this population. Therefore, we aimed to analyze humoral and cellular immune responses against ancestral and SARSCoV- 2 variants after two shots of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy adolescents. Although vaccination induced a robust increase of spike-specific binding Abs and neutralizing Abs against the ancestral and SARS-CoV-2 variants, the neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant was significantly low. On the contrary, vaccine-induced memory CD4+ T cells exhibited substantial responses against both ancestral and Omicron spike proteins. Notably, CD4+ T cell responses against both ancestral and Omicron strains were preserved at 3 months after two shots of the BNT162b2 vaccine without waning. Polyfunctionality of vaccine-induced memory T cells was also preserved in response to Omicron spike protein. The present findings characterize the protective immunity of vaccination for adolescents in the era of continuous emergence of variants/subvariants.
Investigation of Post Annealing Effect on the PZT Thin Films
Choi, Sujin,Park, Juyun,Koh, Sung-Wi,Kang, Yong-Cheol The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2015 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.8 No.4
The PZT thin films were deposited on Si(100) substrate using RF magnetron sputtering method. And the PZT thin films were post annealed at various temperatures to form perovskite phase. To analyze PZT thin films, surface profiler, XRD, XPS, CA, and SFE were used. The thickness increased from 536.5 to 833.2 nm as post annealing temperature increased. The perovskite PZT was observed from PZT-823 and pyrochlore PZT, $ZrO_2$, $TiO_2$, and perovskite $PbZrO_3$ were observed. From the XPS, the atomic percentages of Pb, Zr, Ti, and O were calculated and the portion of Pb increased to PZT-823 and decreased to PZT-923 and then increased to PZT-1023. Also, the CA and SFE was effected on post annealing temperature and as a function of atomic percentage of Pb, the CA and SFE was transformed.
Deposition and XPS Study of Pb, Zr, and Ti Films
Sujin Choi, Juyun Park, Eunkang Jeong, Beob jun Kim, Seo yoon Son, Jeong min Lee, Jin seong Lee, Hee jin Jo, Jihun Park, Yong-Cheol Kang 조선대학교 기초과학연구원 2014 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.7 No.3
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is significant material in electrical and optical devices for their ferroelectric, piezoelectric and dielectric properties. In this research, PZT films were fabricated by reactive RF co-sputtering method using Pb, Zr, and Ti targets. From XPS study, lead, zirconium, and titanium are successfully deposited on Si(100) substrate. Thickness of PZT films was measured with a surface profiler and the thickness was decreased as the oxygen gas ratio increased in the sputter gas.
Deposition and XPS Study of Pb, Zr, and Ti Films
Choi, Sujin,Park, Juyun,Jeong, Eunkang,Kim, Beob Jun,Son, Seo Yoon,Lee, Jeong Min,Lee, Jin Seong,Jo, Hee Jin,Park, Jihun,Kang, Yong-Cheol The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2014 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.7 No.3
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is significant material in electrical and optical devices for their ferroelectric, piezoelectric and dielectric properties. In this research, PZT films were fabricated by reactive RF co-sputtering method using Pb, Zr, and Ti targets. From XPS study, lead, zirconium, and titanium are successfully deposited on Si(100) substrate. Thickness of PZT films was measured with a surface profiler and the thickness was decreased as the oxygen gas ratio increased in the sputter gas.
Choi, Sujin,Baek, Seungin,Im, Dajeong,Kahng, Hyun Kook,Kim, Hwi Optical Society of America 2014 Optics express Vol.22 No.15
<P>Fourier modal method based quantitative analysis method of optical power flow and energy loss in general multi-block photonic structures with an internal dipole emitter is described. The analytic expressions of modal power flow and loss are derived for accurate and efficient quantitative analysis. It is revealed that a few dominating excited photonic modes substantially govern the internal energy flow and energy loss. The optical characteristics of the dominant modes are investigated.</P>
Choi, Sujin,Cho, Byoung-Ki The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Soft matter Vol.9 No.16
<P>We synthesized three dendron–coil-dendron block copolymers consisting of ionophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) coils and mesogenic dendrons with four octadecyl peripheries <I>via</I> stepwise click reactions. The obtained polymers were doped with lithium triflate, whose concentration per ethylene oxide unit was 0.05. As characterized by optical polarized microscopy (POM) and X-ray scattering techniques, polymer <B>1</B> with the shortest PEO coil (<I>M</I><SUB>n</SUB> = 2000 g mol<SUP>−1</SUP>) did not show the liquid crystalline (LC) phase, while its ionic sample (<B>1-Li<SUP>+</SUP></B>) exhibited a hexagonal columnar LC phase. On the other hand, <B>2</B> and <B>3</B> (with PEOs of <I>M</I><SUB>n</SUB> = 4000 and 8000 g mol<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively) displayed identical LC morphologies to <B>2-Li<SUP>+</SUP></B> and <B>3-Li<SUP>+</SUP></B>, respectively, although the phase transition temperatures increased upon salt doping. For <B>2</B> and <B>2-Li<SUP>+</SUP></B>, gyroid and lamellar LC phases were observed with increasing temperature, while <B>3</B> and <B>3-Li<SUP>+</SUP></B> showed only a lamellar LC phase. The observed ion-transporting behavior was strongly dependent upon the connectivity of ion-conducting domain structures. The investigation of the morphology–conductivity correlation using a normalized conductivity (<I>σ</I>* = <I>σ</I>/<I>f</I>, where <I>σ</I> and <I>f</I> are the original conductivity and the PEO volume fraction) indicated that the 3-D gyroid LC phase showed the highest value, while the lowest conductivity was found in the 1-D columnar structure at identical temperatures. Additionally, the gyroid to lamellar phase transition temperature of <B>2-Li<SUP>+</SUP></B> could be determined by the <I>σ</I>*, which was consistent with the X-ray data. Consequently, the results can be explained by the fact that the ionic pathway becomes complicated when going from higher to lower dimensional structures in polygrain samples.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Ion-conducting properties of dendron–coil-dendron block copolymers are dependent upon the domain dimensionality of the liquid crystalline morphologies, which can be properly analyzed using a normalized conductivity (<I>σ</I>*) instead of original conductivity (<I>σ</I>). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3sm27959f'> </P>
Targeted knockout of a chemokine-like gene increases anxiety and fear responses
Choi, Jung-Hwa,Jeong, Yun-Mi,Kim, Sujin,Lee, Boyoung,Ariyasiri, Krishan,Kim, Hyun-Taek,Jung, Seung-Hyun,Hwang, Kyu-Seok,Choi, Tae-Ik,Park, Chul O,Huh, Won-Ki,Carl, Matthias,Rosenfeld, Jill A.,Raskin, National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.5
<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Emotion-related responses, such as fear and anxiety, are important behavioral phenomena in most animal species, as well as in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms of fear and anxiety in animals and in humans are still largely unknown, and anxiety disorders continue to represent a large unmet medical need in the human clinic. Animal models may speed up discovery of these mechanisms and may also lead to betterment of human health. Herein, we report the identification of a chemokine-like gene family, <I>samdori</I> (<I>sam</I>), and present functional characterization of <I>sam2</I>. We observed increased anxiety-related responses in both zebrafish and mouse knockout models. Taken together, these results support a crucial and evolutionarily conserved role of <I>sam2</I> in regulating anxiety-like behavior.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Emotional responses, such as fear and anxiety, are fundamentally important behavioral phenomena with strong fitness components in most animal species. Anxiety-related disorders continue to represent a major unmet medical need in our society, mostly because we still do not fully understand the mechanisms of these diseases. Animal models may speed up discovery of these mechanisms. The zebrafish is a highly promising model organism in this field. Here, we report the identification of a chemokine-like gene family, <I>samdori</I> (<I>sam</I>), and present functional characterization of one of its members, <I>sam2</I>. We show exclusive mRNA expression of s<I>am2</I> in the CNS, predominantly in the dorsal habenula, telencephalon, and hypothalamus. We found knockout (KO) zebrafish to exhibit altered anxiety-related responses in the tank, scototaxis and shoaling assays, and increased <I>crh</I> mRNA expression in their hypothalamus compared with wild-type fish. To investigate generalizability of our findings to mammals, we developed a <I>Sam2</I> KO mouse and compared it to wild-type littermates. Consistent with zebrafish findings, homozygous KO mice exhibited signs of elevated anxiety. We also found bath application of purified SAM2 protein to increase inhibitory postsynaptic transmission onto CRH neurons of the paraventricular nucleus. Finally, we identified a human homolog of <I>SAM2</I>, and were able to refine a candidate gene region encompassing <I>SAM2</I>, among 21 annotated genes, which is associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder in the 12q14.1 deletion syndrome. Taken together, these results suggest a crucial and evolutionarily conserved role of <I>sam2</I> in regulating mechanisms associated with anxiety.</P></▼2>