항 Histamine와 Muscarinic Receptor 와의 상호작용 (Ⅱ) : 대뇌 Muscarinic M1 Receptor 에 대한 작용 Action on the cerebral muscarinic M₁ Receptor

이신웅,박영주,박인숙,이정수 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1991 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.1 No.-

A single uniform population of specific, saturable, high affinity binding site of [³H] guinuclidinyl benzilate(QNB) was identified in the rat cerebral microsomes. The Kd value(37.2 pM) for [³H]QNB calculated from the kinetically derived rate constants was in agreement with the Kd value(48.9 pM) determined by analysis of saturation isotherms at various receptor concentrations. Dimenhydrinate(DMH), histamine H₁-blocker, increased Kd value for [³H] QNB without affecting the binding site concentrations and this effect resulted from the ability of DMH to slow [³H]QNB-receptor association. Pirenzepine inhibition curve of [³H]QNB binding was shallow(nH = 0.52) indicating the presence of two receptor subtypes with high (M₁-site) and low(M₂-site) affinity for pirenzepine. Analysis of these inhibition curves yielded that 68% of the total receptor populations were of the M₁-subtype and the remaining 32% of the M₂-subtype. Ki values for the M₁- and M₂-subtypes were 2.42 nM and 629.3 nM, respectively. Ki values for H₁-blockers that inhibited [³H]QNB binding varied with a wide range (0.02-2.5μM). The Pseudo-Hill coefficients for inhibition of [³H]QNB binding by most of H₁-blockers examined except for oxomemazine inhibition of [³H]QNB binding were close to one. The inhibition curve for oxomemazine in competition with [³H]QNB was shallow(nH = 0.74) indicating the presence of two receptor populations with different affinities for this drug. The proportion of high and low affinity was 33:67. The Ki values for oxomemazine were 0.045±0.016 μM for high affinity and 1.145±0.232 μM for low affinity sites. These data indicate that muscarinic receptor blocking potency of H₁-blockers varies widely between different drugs and that most of H₁-blockers examined are nonselective antagonist for the muscarinic receptor subtypes, whereas oxomemazine might be capable of distinguishing between subclasses of muscarinic receptor.

닭에서 Ethanol의 中樞作用이 血漿內 葡萄糖 濃度에 미치는 影響

李神雄,姜仁淑 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1975 충남의대잡지 Vol.2 No.1

The present experiments were undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the central effect of ethanol on the plasma glucose level in the hen. After intravenous administration of 30mg/kg ethanol to control group, plasma glucose concentration was not affected but over 100mg/kg, it induced hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic effect of intravenous ethanol was potentiated by adrenergic blocking agents. Intraventricular administration of 30mg/kg ethanol resulted in a significant increase in the plasma glucose level, and this hyperglycemic effect of intraventricular ethanol was inhibited by regitine, propranolol, or reserpine. It suggests that metabolic effect of ethanol on the plasma glucose concentration in the hen is mediated partially by the activation of sympathetic center.

매실(Prunus mume) 착즙액이 Yoghurt Starter의 산생성 및 증식에 미치는 영향

이은희,남은숙,박신인 한국식품영양학회 2002 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

Skim milk에 매실 착즙액을 수준별로 첨가하고 4종 (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei)의 젖산균을 단독균주 또는 혼합균주로 접종하여 매실 착즙액의 첨가가 젖산균의 산생성 및 생육에 미치는 영향과 저장성을 조사하였고, 매실 착즙액으로 사용한 매실의 일반 성분을 분석하였다. 매실의 일반 성분은 조회분 0.4%, 식이섬유 4.1%, 구연산 4.66%, 총당 0.264%, vitamin C 405.34mg%이었고, 매실 착즙액의 첨가는 젖산균의 증식을 촉진시켰으며 산생성도 증가하였다. 실험구 중 Str. thermophilus, Lac. acidophilus와 Lac. casei의 혼합균주에 3% 매실 착즙액을 첨가한 실험구가 가장 많은 양의 젖산 (1.23%)을 생성하였고, 가장 높은 생균수 (3.6×10^11 cfu/mL)를 나타내었다. 매실 착즙액 3% 첨가 호상 요구르트를 대조구와 함께 4℃와 20℃에서 30일 동안 저장한 결과, 세 개의 혼합균주 (Str. thermophilus, Lac. acidophilus, Lac. casei)를 사용한 호상 요구르트가 4℃에서 pH는 4.25, 생균수는 4.1×10^9 cfu/mL이었고, 20℃에서 pH는 3.76, 생균수는 8.7×10^8 cfu/mL으로 대조구인 매실 무첨가 호상 요구르트에 비하여 높은 저장성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 매실 착즙액을 첨가한 호상 요구르트의 제조가 가능할 것으로 사료된다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of Maesil extract on the acid production and growth of yoghurt starter in the skim milk medium. The Maesil extract was added to skim milk medium for 1% to 9% and the medium was fermented by single or mixed culture of 4 types of lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei). The chemical composition of Maesil, the changes in acid production (titratable acidity, pH) and number of viable cells of the medium during lactic fermentation in skim milk added with Maesil extract, and the keeping quality of curd yoghurts containing Maesil extract have determined. The composition of Maesil were 0.4% crude ash, 4.1% dietary fiber, 4.66^ citric acid, 0.264% total sugars and 405.34mg% vitamin C. The addition of Maesil extract stimulated the acid production and propagation of the lactic acid bacteria. Among the treatments tested, the addition of 3% Maesil extract with the mixed culture of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei produced the highest amount of acid (1.23%) and showed the highest number of viable cell counts (3.6×10^11 cfu/mL). When the curd yoghurts containing 3% Maesil extract with the mixed culture of the lactic acid bacteria were kept at 4℃ and 20℃ for 30 days, it was showed that the changes of titratable acidity, pH and number of viable cell counts of the lactic acid bacteria were not significantly different during storage. Therefore the keeping quality of the curd yoghurts adding 3% Maesil extract showed relatively good at the shelf-life.

자기 진술에 의한 유·무배우 여자노인의 생활실태

이신숙 한국가정과학회 2004 한국가정과학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the living status of widowed and unwidowed elderly women by means of the case study employing in depth interviews. The main results are following: First, In the case of economic status of elderly women was very low: widowed, it was significantly low. The allowances were provided by their children. And they were spent for medical expenses- Second, Most elderly women have one or two chronic diseases, mostly Arthritis, Gastritis, Hyperpiesia. Third, The emotional relationship of the elderly women centered around their children. Fourth, Leisure activities of the elderly women were not partially formed, usually T.V. watching, chatting, playing Korea cards. Fifth, The elderly women wanted most to work for house chores, do light exercises, and to earn pocket money. Sixth, The wish for the goverment was financial support/ health support/ and emotional welfare support.

Euonymus alatus 추출뭉의 실험적 간 손상 억제

신숙정,이병용,신동근,이정호 Official Journal of the Korean society for immunol 2001 Immune Network Vol.1 No.3

울금(Curcuma aromatica S.) 추출물의 항균효과

이신호,최우정,임용숙,김순희 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1997 식품과학지 Vol.9 No.-

천연물에서의 항균성 물질의 검색과 김치제조에 응용할 목적으로 울금 ethanol 추출물의 김치 발효관련 유산균과 병원성 미생물이 대한 항균력과 울금추출물을 김치제조시 1% 첨가하여 10℃에서 숙성시키면서 숙성중 변화를 관찰한 결과 울금 ethanol 추출물은 유산균 4 균주와 병원성 균주에 대해 높은 항균효과를 나타내었고 유산균은 배양 12시간 후 울금 첨가구에서 생균수가 감소하였고 병원성 미생물은 성장은 2~3 log_(10) cycle의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 김치 숙성 중 pH, 산도는 숙성 10일 이후부터 숙성 지연효과가 있는 것으로 관찰되었으나 미생물의 변화는 대조구와 첨가구가 숙성 5일 이후로 차이를 보였으나 뚜렷한 억제경향은 보이지 않았다. 울금 추출물을 첨가한 김치에 대한 관능검사는 숙성 전기간에 걸쳐 대조구에 비해 첨가구의 기호도가 떨어지는 것으로 관찰되었다. Antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract from Curcuma aromatica S.(CA) and its effect on kimchi fermentation were investigated. Antimicrobial activities of the extract against 4 kinds of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi and 6 kinds of pathogenic bacteria showed apparently. The growth of the tested bacteria did not occur in modified MRS broth containing 1% of CA except three strains of Listeria monocytogenes. The pH of kimchi containing 1% of Curcuma aromatica S. extracts was higher than that of control but titratable acidity, total bacteria count and Lactobacilli count were lower than control during fermentation for 25 days at 10℃. The sour taste of CA added kimchi was weaker than that of control. Sensory score of flavor did not show significant difference between CA containing kimchi ant control but overall acceptability of CA added kimchi was lower than control during fermentation.

반응성애착장애아의 어머니-아동 관계

신의진,이경숙,박숙경 대한소아청소년정신의학회 1997 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구는 반응성 애착 장애 아동(Reactive Attachment Disorder, 이하 'RAD')의 혼란된 부모-아동 관계를 애착이론의 입장에서 체계적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1994년 8월에서 1995년 8월 사이 소아정신과에 내원한 RAD 아동과 어머니 20쌍과 비교집단으로 정상 아동과 어머니 20쌍을 대상으로, 아동에 대한 내적 실행 모델 면접(Working Model of Child Interview, 1986)과 낯선 상황 절차(Strange Situation Procedure, 1978), 부모-아동 상호작용 척도(Dyadic Parent-child Interaction Coding Scales, 1983)을 실시하여 어머니의 아동에 대한 내적 표상과 어머니의 내적 표상 유형과 아동의 애착 유형과의 관계, 내적 표상 유형에 따른 어머니-아동 상호작용 양상을 살펴보았다. 1) 대상 어머니들을 3가지 내적 표상 유형으로 분류해 본 결과, 비교 집단 어머니는 모두 균형된 표상으로 분류되었고 RAD 집단 어머니는 비개입된 표상(55%), 왜곡된 표상(45%)으로 분류되었다. 2) 어머니의 아동에 대한 내적 표상 유형은 아동의 애착 유형과 체계적으로 연관되었다. 균형된 표상의 어머니의 아동은 모두 안정 애착이었고 비개입된 표상 어머니의 82%는 그 아동이 불안/회피 애착으로 분류되었고 왜곡된 표상 어머니는 56%가 그 아동이 비조직/비일관 애착, 33%는 불안/저항 애착으로 분류되었다. 3) 어머니-아동 상호작용에서, 비개입된 표상의 어머니는 아동 중심 놀이에서 균형된 표상의 어머니에 비해 묘사적 진술, 반영적 진술, 묘사/반영적 질문을 적게 사용하였고 왜곡된 표상의 어머니는 균형된 표상의 어머니에 비해 직접 명령과 간접 명령을 많이 사용하였다. 장난감 정리하기 과제에서 비개입된 표상과 왜곡된 표상의 어머니는 균형된 표상의 어머니보다 직접명령, 간접명령을 더 많이 사용하였다. 위의 결과를 통해서 볼 때, 어머니의 아동에 대한 내적 실행 모델은 아동과의 애착 관계와 어머니-아동 상호작용에 중요한 요인으로서 혼란된 어머니-아동 관계를 이해하는데 효율적인 접근을 제공하며 아동에 대한 치료적 개입에 유용한 정보를 제공해 줄 것으로 생각된다. The objective of this study is to understand disordered parent-child relationships of Reactive Attachment Disorder(RAD) systematically through the mother's internal working model of child. In this study, RAD mothers' internal representations of the child were compared with mothers' of control group and association between mothers' representation classifications and children's attachment classifications was examined. Also individual differences in mother-child interaction by mothers' representation classifications was observed. The subjects of this study were 40 2-5 year-old children and their mothers, 20 attachment disordered dyads and 20 normal dyads of control group. Mothers were interviewed using the Working Model of the Child(Zeanah, Benoit & Barton 1986) to classify internal representations of child. Children's attachment patterns were assessed by the Strange Situation Procedure. for observation of mother-child interaction, Each dyad was seen in DPICS devised by Eyberg and Robinson(1983). The results of the study were as follows : 1) Among RAD group, 55% of mothers were classified as disengaged and 45% classified as distorted, while all mothers of control group were classified as balanced. In rating scales, there were significant differences in all 3 representation classifications in Intensity of involvement and Coherence. In Intensity of involvement disengaged representations had the lowest score and distorted representations had the lowest score in Coherence. 2) Mothers' representation classifications were related to children's attachment classifications. All mothers of control group whose children were classified as secure were classified as balanced. Among RAD's mothers, by contrast, 82% of mothers classified as disengaged had children classified as anxious-avoidant, 56% of mothers classified as distorted had children classified as disorganized/disoriented and 33% of mothers classified as distorted had children classified as anxious-resistant. 3) There were individual differences in mother-child interactions by mothers' representation classifications. In the child-centered play, mothers classified as disengaged used discriptive statement, reflective statement and discriptive-reflective question less than balanced mothers. Mothers classified as distorted used direct command and indirect command more than balanced mothers. In the clean-up task, mothers classified as disengaged and distorted used direct command and indirect command more than balanced mothers. The results of this study suggest that parents' working model of the child is an important factor to understand parent-child attachment relationships and their interactions. The understanding of parents' working model of the child is thought to enrich our understanding of disordered parent-child relationships and to provide useful informations for specific and successful treatments.

화살나무 추출물에 의한 Doxorubicin-유도 조직손상의 억제

이정호,신숙정,문용,이동근 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

Doxorubicin(DR), a potent antineoplastic drug, is effective in adult and childhood solid tumors and hematologic cancer. However, it has minor(mucositis, nausea, vomiting and alopecia) and major(myelosuppression, cumulative dose-related cardiomyopathy, and skin and subcutaneous ulcers) clinical toxic effects. Accidental subcutaneous DR-extravasation may provoke a prolonged and severe cutaneous inflammatory reaction for which there is currently no simple and effective treatment method. Because of this, apart from measures to prevent paravenous extravasation, many methods of preventing these ulcers have been tried clinically or experimentally, but the efficacy is uncertain. The present study was undertaken to exploit Euonymus alatus extract(EA) as an antidote for DR-induced skin ulceration, using animal model, and to evaluate the effects of EA on the pharmacological activity of DR. Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice were intradermally injected DR(0.5 mg/rat and 0.2 mg/ mouse) with or without EA(10 mg/rat and 5 mg/mouse). In rat model, intradermal injection of DR alone produced predictable uniform skin necrosis and ulceration involving the deep dermis. These ulcers developed within 3-7 days, remained stable for 2-4 weeks, and all rats died in 55 days of observation. However, intradermal injection of DR plus EA into rat developed only minor transient edema, erythema and mild inflammation involving the superficial dermis, which healed quickly, and all rats survived throughout the experimental periods. In mouse model, intradermal injection of DR alone produced an ulcer approximately 15.2 mm2 at 5 days. This ulcer was progressively aggravated in size until 15 days, and regressed and healed after that. But, when mice were intradermally injected DR plus EA, the ulcers were reduced in size and healed quickly. These results suggest significant efficacy for EA as a DR-extravasation antidote. B16 cells, 3LL cells and human tonsillar lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of DR with or without EA, and the proliferation responses of these cells were evaluated. DR alone de-creased remarkably the proliferation of malignant cells as well as normal cells, in a dose-dependent fashion. On the other hand, the EA itself reduced weakly the responses of tumor cells but increased those of normal cells. And EA also slightly enhanced the DR- induced inhibition of the tumor cell-proliferation, but it restored the DR-derived decrease of the lymphocyte-prol-iferation. These results suggest that EA itself has no side effects, and also suggest that EA may possibly diminish the systemic toxic effects of DR-administration. Taken together, the present study reveals that EA has an antidotic activity against DR-ex-travasations and systemic DR. And these results suggest the possibility that EA could be developed and used in a form of DR-annex as an antidotic and reinforcing agent of DR.

중학교 가정과 교육의 가족생활관련 영역(인간발달과 가족관계)의 효과적인 교수-학습 방법

이신숙,조혜정 목포대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학논집 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of the study is to develop effective and practical Teaching-Learning method for family life area of Home Economics in the middle school. In the method of the research, literature review related to the family life area of Home Economics in the middle school, which are Home Economics system and Home Economics goals. The results are summarized as follows. : First, Effective and practical Teaching-Learning method is catalogue from media and had advertisement or columns of journals or newspaper, Second. Multi-media material(TV. VTR, etc...) is produced to help the students learn the family life area. Thirds. Employing practical reasoning and teaching models such role play, to be effectively played, is improve the physical class room environment. It is necessary for Home Economics teachers to make effort to develop educational materials and to engage in Teaching-Learning method.

위내시경 검사환자에 대한 정신의학적 연구 : BDI와 STAI를 중심으로

신동균,조숙행,이성근 大韓神經精神醫學會 1991 신경정신의학 Vol.30 No.6

The authors studied the emotinal status of the medical outpatient who underwent gastroscopy for gastrointestinal complaints by means of BDI(Beck Depression Inventory) and STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Also, the authors compared the degree of anxiety and depression according to each factors of demographic and other data which might influence emotional status. The subjects were 674 patients who underwent gastroscopy at Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University. from March 1 to September 30, 1986. The results are as follows : 1) There were no statistically significant differences in BDI and STAI between the negative group and positive group, and between the ulcer group and gastritis group. 2) There were no statistically significant differences in BDI and STAI between the gastric ulcer group and duodenal ulcer group, and among the chronic superficial group and erosive gastritis group and atrophic gastritis group. In atrophic gastritis group, there was no statistically significant difference in BDI and T-A among patients with mild, moderate or severe pathology. But in S-A, patients with severe pathology showed higher degree of anxiety than patients with mild or moderate pathology. 3) 25% of the positive group and 13% of the ulcer group and 23% of the gastritis group were rated as depressed by BDI(a score of 21 was used as criterion). 4) In the negative group, according to sex, there was significant difference in BDI and STAI. According to economic state, there was significant difference in BDI, but not in STAI. According to sleep pattern, there were significant difference in BDI and S-A, but not in T-A. 5) In the ulcer group, according to sex, education level, and sleep pattern, there were significant differences in BDI and S-A, but not in T-A. According to economic state, there was significant differences in T-A, but not in BDI or S-A. 6) In the gastritis group, according to age, there was significant differences in BDI but not in STAI. According to marital state, there was significant differences in BDI and T-A, but not in S-A. According to sex, economic state, educational level, early parental death, and sleep pattern, there was significant differences in BDI and STAI.