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흰쥐에서 염화비닐 폭로수준에 따른 소변내 thiodiglycolic acid 농도의 변화
왕승준,차봉석,노재훈,신동천,김명수,전근재 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4
Objectives : It is the objective of this research to identify the variation of thiodiglycolic acid(TdGA) in urine with vinyl chloride monamer(VCM) exposure levels through methylation. Methods : After rats were exposed to vinyl chloride monomer of 4 levels, 0㎎/㎥, 50㎎/㎥, 150㎎/㎥, 500㎎/㎥, respectively, of which urine was sampled in each sampling time of 0 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours. After urine had been methylated with diazomethane in the preliminary experiment and the peak of 146 m/z had been verified, the main experiment was done. Results : In the variation of TdGA with sampling times, concentration of TdGA increased rapidly in 4 hours and then decreased after 8 hours. When the variation of urinary TdGA concentration in urine according to exposure level of VGM was verified through Kruskal-Wallis statistical method at each sampling time, the significant increment with the exposure levels at 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours after exposure was clarified. Conclusion : TdGA concentration in urine with increment of VCM exposure level increased, especially significantly at 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours of sampling time.
제조합 대장균에서 과발현된 Citrobacter freundii KCTC2006 유래의 β-Tyrosinase를 이용한 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine의 생산
이승구,노현수,홍승표,이규종,왕지원,태동년,엄기남,방상구,김영준,성문희 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.1
재조합 대장균에서 대량발현 시킨 Citrobacter freundii KCTC 2006 유래이 효소 β-tyrosinase를 이용하여 pyrocatechol, sodium pyruvate, ammonium acetate로부터 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl-L-alanine을 생산하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 이 효소반응에 적합한 온도 및 pH 조건은 각각 18℃와 8.5로 결정되었고, 반응액 중의 ammonium acetate와 sodium pyruvate의 농도는 각각 300 mM, 50 mM 이상으로 조절하는 것이 적합하였다. Pyrocatechol의 경우는 20 mM에서 가장 높은 반응성을 나타냈으나, 기질을 반복적으로 첨가하며 장시간 동안 효소반응을 수행하는 경우에는 pyrocatechol의 고갈을 피하기 위하여, 20 mM에서 50 mM 사이로 조절하였다. 한편, 반응액 중에 ethanol을 10% 첨가한 경우에는 반응속도가약 20% 증가하였다. 이상과 같은 효소반응특성에 기초하여 조제한 기질용액에 β-tyrosinase를 1 unit/㎖ 농도로 가하고, pyrocatechol과 pyruvate가 고갈되지 않도록 간헐적으로 첨가하면서 효소반응을 수행한 결과, 24시간 만에 85.2%의 수율로 31.6g/ℓ의 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine를 생산할 수 있었다. By using the β-tyrosinase of Citrobacter freundii KCTC2006, which was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) was synthesized efficiently from pyrocatechol, sodium pyruvate, and ammonium acetate. Optimal temperature and pH for the reaction were determined to be about 18℃ and 8.5, respectively. The effects of substrate concentrations were also examined at different concentrations of ammonium acetate, sodium pyruvate, and pyrocatechol. Ammonium acetate and sodium pyruvate increased the reaction rate until the concentrations reached to 300 mM and 50 mM, respectively. Although pyrocatechol showed the optimal concentration at 20 mM, it was controlled between 20 mM and 50 mM to avoid the depletion of substrate during the enzymatic synthesis. Based on above results, a reaction medium for the production of L-DOPA was prepared and incubated with 1 unit/㎖ of β-tyrosinase. Pyrocatechol and sodium pyruvate was added to the reaction solution intermittently to avoid the substrate depletion during the enzymatic reaction. After 24 hour of reaction, 31.6 g/ℓ L-DOPA was accumulated in the reaction solution as soluble and precipitated ones and the conversion yield was about 85.2%.
흰쥐에서 니켈 및 카드뮴의 동시노출이 간에 미치는 영향
차봉석,왕승준,장세진 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1
목적 : 이 연구는 적출간 관류법을 이용하여 영화니켈과 염화카드뮴의 동시 노출로 인하여 간에 나타나는 효과를 확인하는 데에 있다. 방법 : 간독성의 지표로서 AST, ALT, LDH의 농도 및 관류속도를 이용하였고 생존력에 대한 지표로서 산소소모율을 측정하였다. 300(±50) g의 흰쥐를 노출군(비노출군 및 50 μM/ 200 μM의 각 농도별 염화니켈과 염화카드뮴의 개별 투여군 및 동시 투여군)별로 5마리씩 총 35마리를 할당하였다. 간을 통과한 관류액을 채취하여 생화학적 간독성 지표를 측정했고 집단간의 시간의 경과에 따른 측정치의 비교를 위해 반복 측정된 2요인 분산분석을 실시하였다. 개별 투여군과 동시 투여군의 생화학적 지표간의 평균을 비교함으로써 상승효과에 대한 가능성을 확인했다. 결과 : 개별 투여군 및 동시 투여군 모두에서 AST, ALT, LDH가 증가했다. 관류속도 및 산소 소모율은 시간의 경과에 따라 감소했으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 못했다. AST, ALT, LDH, 산소소모율이 일정 시간대 이후로 개별 노출군의 합보다 동시 노출군에서의 측정치가 더욱 크게 증가하였다. 결론 : 간독성에 대한 생화학적 지표의 변화를 확인함으로써 두 물질의 동시노출로 인한 복합적 효과는 상승효과일 가능성이 높은 것으로 보인다. Objectives : This research was intended to verify hepatic effect of simutaneously com-bined exposure of nickel chloride and cadmium chloride with IPRL (Isolated Perfumed Rat Liver) method. Methods : AST(aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase), LDH (lac-tate dehydrogenase) and perfusion flow rate were used as the indicator of hepatotoxicity and oxygen consumption rate were used as the indicator of viability. 300(±50) g - weighted rats were allocated randomly to each group (control group, 50 μM·200 μM sera-rately exposure group of NiCl₂and CdCl₂, simultaneously combined exposure group of NiCl₂and CdCl₂by 5, totally 35. Buffer which got out of liver was sampled and then biochemical indicator of hepatotoxlcity was measured. In order to verify difference among groups, two way - repeated ANOVA was used. With comparing mean summation of sepa-rate exposure group with mean of simultaneous exposure group, possibility that combined effect could be synergistic effect was verified. Results : AST, ALT, LDH increased in both of separate exposure group and simultaneous exposure group. Perfusion flow rate and oxygen consumption rate decreased but statlstically significant difference among groups was not found. In each exposure group, AST, ALT, 7DH, oxygen consumption rate of simultaneous exposure group increased more than sum of separate exposure group after any sampling time. Conclusions : It was found that simultaneous combined effect could be synergistic effect through the biochemical indicator of hepatotoxicity.
다발성 간종괴의 형태로 나타난 특발성 과호산구 증후군 치험1예
최승오,연규민,이승민,김순제,왕준호,박형석,이재동,진춘조,이창훈,신현준,김정은 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.14 No.-
Hypereosinophilic syndrome is characterized by persistent blood eosinophilia of 1,500/ul or more in the absence of known causes and multiorgan dysfunction by eosinophil-related tissue damage. In Korea, some cases of hypereosinophilic syndrome with hepatic involvement have been described with prolonged benign clinical courses. Most of them were diffuse or multifocal lesions in imaging studies, and a few case presenting as a single mass has been described. Here we report a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome with hepatic involvement in a 65-year-old man who presented with multifocal mass lesions. By abdominal US and CT scan, multiple, ill-defined nodules were detected in throughout the liver. Liver biopsy revealed severe eosinophilic hepatitis, suggestive of hypereosinophilic syndrome. Hepatic mass lesions improved after steroid administration for several weeks.
Postmenopausal Hypertension and Sodium Sensitivity
( Jun Mo Kim ),( Tae Hee Kim ),( Hae Hyeog Lee ),( Seung Hun Lee ),( Tong Wang ) 대한폐경학회 2014 대한폐경학회지 Vol.20 No.1
It has been well established that women generally have lower incidence rates of hypertension than men at similar ages and these differences may vary with age. It also has been observed in many studies that after menopause, blood pressure (BP) increases in women to levels even higher than in men. The lack of estrogens may not be suggested as the only component involved in the development of postmenopausal hypertension. Thus, in this mini-review, the possible mechanisms by which sex hormones may influence the BP are discussed. This review also examines the renal regulatory mechanisms for gender differences in BP and explores the effects of salt intake on BP (salt-sensitivity) in pre and post-menopausal women. Estrogen has been shown to stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production, thus female sex hormones have a beneficial effect on BP control. Evidences that angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) is up-regulated by estrogen support the favorable effects on BPs in women than men. The kidney plays an integral role in the regulation of arterial pressure through the mechanism of pressure-natriuresis, which has been shown to be modulated by the RAS. The prevalence of salt-sensitivity increases with age and low-salt diets has shown to help reduce systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP. While oral hormone replacement therapy has yielded only a neutral or minimal effect on the elevation of SBP, both the transdermal route replacement and a novel progestin with anti-aldosterone activity (drospirenone) has also shown to reduce SBP.