「 제민요술 」에 수록된 식품조리가공법 연구보고 (5) : 정 , 암 , 전 (煎) , 소 (消) , 저 (菹) , 록 (綠) , 적 (炙) , 신 , 오 (奧) , 조 (槽) , 포 (苞)

안명수,서혜경,이효지,윤서석,안숙자,임희수,윤숙경,조후종,윤덕인 한국조리과학회 1990 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.6 No.4

The following, Chung, Am, Chun, Seo, Rok, Shin, Oh, Cho, Po, listed in [Che Min Yo Sul] are as follows; 1. Chung means polutry and meat like pork and beef cooked with Ja. Am is flavoring meat in a seasoned broth, which is seasoned with Yeom Shi, green onion and pepper. Chun is stir-fryed fish, beef or pork in a small amount of broth and Apchunbup, a kind of Chun, is stir-fryed with Yeom Shi Juice. 2. Cheo, Rok stands for boiled meat pickled in vinegar. 3. There are twenty kinds of Chuk, which is broiled polutry, fish, shellfish and meat like pork and beef together with vegetables and spices. 4. Shin, Oh, Po, are a type of meat preservation method by using Nurook, salt, alchol or broiling it in Bong Chuk way and then preserving it.

생활폐기물 소각장 작업복 샘플의 다이옥신 분석

박순자,신정화,신정숙,정명희,안윤경 한국의류학회 2004 한국의류학회지 Vol.28 No.2

PCDD/F(Polychlirinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) in both of treated fabric and untreated fabric for working clothes of a municipal waste incineration were determinated. The treated fabric for working clothes was developed for less exposure of PCDD/F in municipal waste incinerations. The total concentrations of PCDD/F in some parts such as surface, middle layer, inside for treated and untreated fabric were investigated. The I-TEQ value of surface was 0.23370ng ·TEQ/g for treated fabric, 0.15355ng ·TEQ/g for non-treated fabric. On the other hand, the value of middle layer was 0.00077ng ·TEQ/g, 0.00177ng ·TEQ/g, respectively. The surface of the treated fabric containing high levels PCDD/F was caused by absorption of them. Therefore, PCDD/F of the treated fabric in middle layer was less I-TEQ value than that of the untreated fabric. The treated fabric makes effect on preventing PCDD/F from permeating into human body.

카라멜화 반응 생성물의 갈색도와 항산화 효과와의 관계

신민자,윤혜현,안명수 한국조리과학회 2002 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.18 No.6

The study was carried out to compare the relation between the color intensity and antioxidant activity of caramelization products using xylose(XY), glucose(GL), sucrose(SU), glucose+citric acid(GLCA), glucose+sodium citrate(GLSC), heated at 80, 120 and 140℃ for 24hrs, respectively. The color intensity(absorbance at 490㎚) of the browning mixtures increased as the browning temperature and time increased. But the degrees of color intensity of SU and GLCA changed very little. The hydrogen donating ability(HDA) of browning reaction products was generally enhanced as the browning temperature and time increased. When browning mixtures were heated at 80℃, the HDA of GLGC was the highest, but the HDA of GLSC was the highest when heated at 120 and 140℃. The antioxidant activities for the corn oil substrate containing the anhydrous ethanol extracts from the browning mixtures was inferior to that of SU, but was superior to that of GLCA. The relations among the color intensity, the antioxidant activity, and the hydrogen donating ability(HDA, reducing power) of the browning reaction mixtures were as follows: As the color intensity increased, the antioxidant activity decreased. The correlation coefficient of the color intensity and the antioxidant activity by regression equation was -0.73∼-0.82. As the reducing power increased, the antioxidant activity decreased. The correlation coefficient between the reducing power and the antioxidant activity by regression equation was -0.98∼-0.99. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of browning reaction mixtures seemed not correlated with the color intensity and the reducing power.

불인성 미골통에 Caudal Epidural Steroid 이용

안명자(Myung Ja Ahn),서재현(Jae Hyun Suh),김성년(S 대한통증학회 1992 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.5 No.1

Coccygodynia is a pain syndrome resulting from trauma, fractures, infection and tumor, and is usually amenable to conservative treatment. We present one case of coccygodynia that de- veloped 2 days after percutaneous cordotomy done for pain control of cervix cancer unrespon- sive to conservative treatment which subsequently was treated with a caudal injection of lido- caine and triamcinolone. Caudal epidural steroid injection is less invasive and has less potential for complication than the neurosurgical interruption of the pain pathway.

경막외 Droperidol 투여로 발생한 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - 1예 보고 -

안명자(Myung Ja Ahn),서재현(Jae Hyun Suh),김성년(S 대한통증학회 1991 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.4 No.1

N/A The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon but dangerous complication of treatment with neuroleptic drugs. This syndrome is characterized by autonomic dysfunction, extrapyramidal dysfunction, and hyperthermia. NMS seems more frequent with parentral neuroleptic use. We report a patient in whom suspicious NMS was developed in the ward after epidural administration of 2. 5mg of droperidol with morphine for postoperative pain control. Extrapyramidal symptoms and autonomic dysfunction were treated with diazepam, but tem- perature was spontaneously deereased after l6 hours and 40 minute after receiving epidural droperidol.

기능성 화장품 사용에 따른 만족도와 제품에 대한 신뢰성 연구 -다기능성 화장품을 중심으로-

김영자 ( Young Ja Kim ),김명자 ( Myung Ja Kim ),유미연 ( Mi Yeon Ryu ),이성희 ( Sung Hee Lee ),이정은 ( Jung Eun Lee ),최우정 ( Woo Jung Choi ),안미자 ( Mi Ja Ahn ) 한국미용학회 2007 한국미용학회지 Vol.13 No.1

간호학 연구의 동향과 전망

김소야자(Kim, Soya-Ja),김귀분(Kim, Kwuy-Bun),이명선(Yi, Myung-Sun),이광자(Lee, Kwang-Ja),안양희(Ahn, Yang-Heui),김희순(Kim, Hee-Soon),박영주(Park, Young-Joo),고명숙(Koh, Myung-Suk),송경애(Sohng, Kyeong-Yae) 한국간호과학회 2002 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.32 No.1

Caramel 갈색화 반응 생성물의 항산화성에 관한 연구

안명수,신민자 한국조리과학회 2000 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.16 No.6

100℃ 이상에서 당단독, 당과 유기산 또는 유기산염의 caramel 갈색화 반응과 당과 아미노산의 Maillard갈색화 반응의 갈색화 물질의 항산화성을 측정하고자 0.1M의 xylose(XY), g1ucose(GL), sucrose(SU)를 단독으로, 0.1M glucose에 0.02M의 citric acid를 혼합한 glucosecitric acid(GLCA), 0.02M의 sodium citrate를 혼합한 glucose-sodium citrate(GLSC)와 0.1M의 glycine을 혼합한 glucose-glycine(GLGC)을 80, 120 및 140℃에서 12, 24시간 가열하여 얻은 갈색화 반응 생성물의 수소공여능(HDA)에 의한 항산화성을 측정하였으며 이들의 무수 ethanol 추출물의 옥배유 기질에 대한 항산화 효과를 측정하여 기존 항산화제(TBHQ, TOCO)와 비교, 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. Caramel 갈색화 반응 생성물의 수소공여능(HDA)에 의한 환원력은 갈색화 반응온도 및 시간의 경과에 따라 대체적으로 증가되었으며 갈색도가 큰 반응계일수로 환원력이 크게 나타났다. XY, GL, SU, GLCA, GLSC 및 GLGC의 갈색화 반응액의 수소공여능은 80℃에서 24시간 반응 후 각각 0.290, 0.299, 0.281, 0.301. 0.362 및 0,387로 그 크기는 GLGC>GLSC>GLCA>GL>XY>SU 순이었다. 120℃에서 24시간 반응 후의 GLCA와 GLGC에서 갈색도의 증가와는 달리 HDA는 오히려 낮아졌으며, 140℃에서는 대부분의 갈색화 반응액의 HDA는 온도가 상승함에 따라 높아졌지만 GLCA와 GLGC의 HDA는 낮아져서 각각 0.275 및 0.305로 된 반면에 GLSC의 HDA는 계속 증가하여 0.543으로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 때의 HDA는 GLSC>SU>GL>GLGC>XY>GLCA 순이었다. 2. 갈색화 반응 생성물의 무수 ethanol 추출물을 첨가한 옥배유의 항산화 효과는 TBHQ에는 못미치나 TOCO 보다는 우수한 항산화력을 나타내는 것도 있었다. 80℃에서 24시간 진행된 갈색화 반응 생성물의 경우는 TBHQ>GLCA>GLGC>>TOCO>SU>XY>GL>GLSC>control 순으로 80℃에서는 갈색화 반응 중간생성물은 모두 항산화 효과를 나타내었으며 GLCA의 항산화 효과는 TBHQ 보다는 크게 떨어지나 GLGC, TOCO보다는 높은 항산화력을 보여주었다. 또한 120 및 140℃에서 24시간 진행된 갈색화 반응 생성물의 항산화 효과는 SU, GLCA에서만 보였으며 이들의 항산화 효과는 Maillard형 갈색화 반응액인 GLGC의 항산화 효과 보다 높았다. 그 크기는 TBHQ>SU>TOCO>GLCA>control>GLSC>GLGC>XY>GL의 순으로 80, 120및 140℃에서의 갈색화 반응 생성물의 항산화성은 80℃에서 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 이상으로 볼 때 각종 갈색화 반응 생성물의 수소공여능에 의한 환원력과 항산화 효과의 관계는 환원력이 증가함에 따라 항산화 효과는 중가하지 않고 감소하여 갈색화 반응물의 항산화 효과와 환원력 사이에는 뚜렷한 상관관계가 없는 것 같았다. The study was carried out to compare the antioxidant activities of products from caramel-type-browning reaction of xylose(XY), glucose(GL), sucrose(SU), glucose + citric acid (GLCA), glucose + sodium citrate(GLSC), glucose + glycine(GLGC) heated at 80, 120 or 140℃ for 24 hr. 1. The hydrogen donating ability (HDA) of browning reaction products was generally enhanced as the browning temperature and time increased. The HDAs of the browning reaction products heated at 80℃ for 24 hr were in the order of GLSC (0.387)>GLSC (0.362)>GLCA (0.301)>GL(0.299)>XY(0.290)>SU(0.281). But they were in the order of GLSC (0.543)>SU(0.328)>GL(0.309) >GLGC(0.325)>XY(0.298)>GLCA(0.275) under the condition of heating at 140℃ for 24 hr. 2. The antioxidant activities of the anhydrous ethanol extracts of the browning mixtures were inferior to that ofTBHQ as measured in corn oil, but SU was superior to tocopherol in its antioxidant activity. All the browning mixtures showed antioxidant activities when heated at 80℃; however, only SU and GLCA showed the activities at 120 or 140℃. And the antioxidant activity of the SU extract was higher than that of TOCO. The antioxidant activities of the ethanol extracts were in the order of TBHQ>GLCA>GLGC>TOCO>SU>XY>GL>GLSC>control at 80℃, TBHQ>SU>TOCO>GLCA>control>GLSC>XY>GL>GLGC at 120℃, and TBHQ>SU>TOCO>GLCA>control >GLSC>GLGC>XY>GL at 140℃

한국의 Amatoxins 중독증

안영민,이동수,이강문,강상범,양진모,박영민,이영석,정규원,선희식,박두호,노현주,강영모,이종명,허정욱,최성곤,김정호,이상인,최승옥,최홍엽,권오선,구창덕,석순자,김양섭 대한간학회 2000 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.6 No.3

한국의 amatoxins 중독증은 강원 영서 지역이 호발지역으로 알려져 왔으며 최초로 보고된 원인버섯은 알광대버섯이었으나 현재까지 재 확인된 바가 없다. 원인버섯이 확인된 예로는 강원 영서지역이나 대전지역의 독우산광대버섯과 함께 1998년 경북 일원에서 발생한 집단 중독사고의 개나리광대버섯과 대전에서 발생한 1예에서 흰알광대버섯을 들 수 있다. 최근까지 amatoxins 중독증에 관해 보고된 국내의 문헌을 살펴보면 한국에서 발생하는 amatoxins중독증은 사망률에서 외국의 20-40% 와 큰 차이가 있는 것 처럼 보이나 사실상 전체적인 발생빈도나 사망률 등을 산출한 예가 없었을 뿐아니라, 높은 사망률의 원인이 무엇인지를 비교하는 것도 불가능하였다. 저자들은 국내에서 발생하는 amatoxins 중독증의 예방과 보다 효율적인 진단 및 치료를 위해 발생빈도나 사망률 및 원인버섯 등의 기초적인 조사와 함께 문헌을 통해 amatoxins 중독증에 대한 지견을 고찰하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 1999년 1년간 원인버섯 식별을 위해 의뢰되었던 증례들과 연례적 호발지역의 의료기관에서 병력 및 임상소견으로 amatoxins 중독증으로 진단 또는 추정된 증례들을 조사하였다. 원인버섯의 식별은 발생지역을 방문하여 원인버섯의 확보가 가능했던 소수의 증례에서는 외관과 현미경적 소견으로 원인버섯을 식별하였으며 원인버섯의 확보가 불가능한 증례에서는 특징적인 외관으로 추정되었다. 결과: 54명의 대상환자들 중 43명에서amatoxins 중독증으로 진단되었으며 그중 35명은 중등도 이상의 중독증으로 간주하였다. 중등도 이상의 중독증에서는 7명이 사망하여 20%의 사망률을 나타내었으며 원인버섯은 독우산광대버섯과 개나리광대버섯이 확인되었다. 흰알광대버섯은 확인되지 않았으나 사실상 독우산광대버섯과의 감별은 이루어지지 않았다. 4예에서는 원인버섯이 확인되지 않아 더 연구 되어야 한다. 사망례에서는 비사망군에 비해 혈소판이 유의하게 감소한 소견을 보였다. 전예에서 간이식등의 치료는 시행되지 않았으며 대부분 수액요법을 근간으로한 보존요법을 실시하였다. 결론: 한국의 amatoxins 중독증은 주로 강원 영서지역과 경북 일원에서 호발하고, 원인버섯은 외국과는 달리 독우산광대버섯과 개나리광대버섯이 주된 원인버섯이며, 1997년 까지의 증례보고를 대상으로한 70%의 사망률과는 달리 중등도 이상의 중독증례를 대상으로 하여도 사망률은 20%로 외국에 비해 높지 않다. 그러나 외국과 달리 간이식과 같은 보다 적극적인 치료를 시도한 예가 없는데, 대부분 갑자기 나빠지기 때문에 준비를 못하는 것이 원인이다. 따라서, 사망률을 더 낮추기 위해서는 혈액이나 소변과 같은 체액에서 단시간 내에 amatoxins을 측정할 수 있는 임상 검사법이 개발되어 조기 진단이 가능해져야 하며, 중독 초기에 나쁜 예후가 예측되는 심각한 증례를 선별하여 전문적인 치료를 받을 수 있는 기회를 제공해야 한다. 아울러 amatoxins 중독증에 대한 보다 정확한 통계를 산출하여야 할 것이다. 저자들은 본 연구에 1999년도에 발생한 대부분의 amatoxins 중독증의 증례가 포함되었으나 포함되지 않은 증례들이 다수 있다고 생각한다. 이러한 기초 조사를 철저히 하기 위해서는 전국 각지에서 발생하는 버섯중독 사고를 의뢰 또는 신고 할 수 있는 일원화 된 창구가 필요하리라고 사료된다. $quot;Background/Aims: From the review of Korean literature most fatal mushroom poisonings have been due to amatoxins with high mortality. So far there have never been investigations on the amatoxins poisonings such as annual incidence, mortality, common causal species, and endemic areas. This study was carried out to develop some basic statistics as part of studies for an effective management of amatoxins intoxications. Method: For the year 1999 authors collected cases of mushroom poisonings which had been mainly gathered from hospitals nation-wide. All of the cases with suggestive amatoxins poisonings were screened by symptomatology and laboratory findings. The causal species of mushrooms were identified grossly and microscopically. Results: A total of 54 victims with mushroom poisonings were evaluated. The causal mushroom toxins were diagnosed or strongly suggested as amatoxins in 43 of 54 victims. Eleven of 54 victims did not conform to the category of amatoxins intoxication due to absent or minimal elevation of aminotransferase. Mean age of the victims was 44.3 23.3 (range: 7-78) with male predominance (1.2 : 1). The causal species were confirmed, or strongly suggested, as Amanita virosa in 25 victims, Amanita subjunquillea in 14, and unknown species in 4. Thirty-five out of a total of 43 were regarded as moderate to severe intoxication (AST or ALT $gt; 1,000 IU/L) with 20% mortality. Most fatal victims showed marked thrombocytopenia (40,000 19,000/mm3) compared to non-fatal victims (109,066 42,245/mm3). A total of 88.4% of victims was developed in the Kangwon and Kyungpuk provinces. Both are west of the Taebaek Mountains (38/43). Conclusions: Although the common causal species for amatoxins poisonings in Korea are different from European countries and North America, the mortality is similar to that of those areas. In order to further reduce the mortality, bedside diagnostic methods using biological fluids and more effective herapy for liver failure should be established$quot;.

임상간호사의 업무스트레스와 소진정도에 관한 연구

안청자,이명하,김기미 中央醫學社 1989 中央醫學 Vol.54 No.7

The purpose of this study was to classify factors influencing job stress of clinical nurses, and to identify relationship between job stress and burnout and demographic characteristics for nurses. The subjects consisted of 108 staff nurses who had worked in the Chonbuk National University Hospital, this study was conducted during 3 days from May 24th to 27th, 1989. The instruments used for this study were the Job Stress Scale developed by the re-earcher and the Burnout Scale developed by Pines' and Aronson (1981). Analysis of data was done by the use of t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coeffecient,,factor analysis. The results were as follows; 1. In the factor analysis, job stress was classified according to 14 factors and the commulative percentage of these factors was 73.9 % the 14 factors were : 1) Night duty and unsatisfactory duty conditions, 2) Lack of professional knowledge and skill, 3) Unsatisfactory' relationship with head nurse and nursing members, 4) Inadequate reward, 5) Conflict with doctors, 6) Role conflict as a profession, 7) Conflict with patient and pt's relatives, 8) Ineffective administrative system and support, 9) Shortage of nursing personnel, 10) Poor physical environment of nursing unit, 11) Increase of workload, 12) Emotional burden due to the limitation of medicine, 13) Miscellaneous affairs, 14) Dying patients. 2. Nurses' perception for job stress and burnout 1) Mean score of job stress was 3.865 (Maximum score : 5). High degree of job stress is evident among clinical nurses. The highest rank of stress factor was dying patient, night duty and unsatisfactory duty condition, inadequate reward, conflict with doctor, shortage of nursing personnel. 2) Mean score of burnout was 2.680 (Maximum score : 5). 3.. Relationship between degree of job stress and burnout and demographic characteristics. 1) There was significant relationship between degree of job stress and burnout level (r = .2717, p < .002). 2) There was no significant relationship between_ nurses' demographic. characteristics and degree of job stress. 3) Nurses' age and working department had relation to degree of burnout significantly (age : r = .1640, P < .05, working department : r = 2.039, P < .05).