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“Traces of the Same within the Other” : Uncovering Tasan’s Christo-Confucianology
KEVIN N. CAWLEY 재단법인다산학술문화재단 2014 다산학 Vol.- No.24
Tasan 茶山, Chŏng Yagyong 丁若鏞 (1762-1836), lived during a periodof great religious change, controversy, and as a result, persecution. This paper investigates how Catholic ideas and Confucian ideas shapedTasan’s writings in a very complicated, and often dangerous, socio-politicalcontext. This context produced a unique Wirkungsgeschichte (historyof effects) that transformed Tasan’s intellectual horizon and contributed tohis problematic engagement with Christian ideas that stem from MatteoRicci’s Ch’ŏnju sirŭi 天主實義 (The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven).23)I deconstruct Tasan’s writings, uncovering a heterogeneous textuality,where Christian and Confucian concepts converge, shaping each other. Tasan’s return to the “origin” of the Confucian tradition, leads him todislodge the ideas of Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130-1200) by revealing their “impure”origins – infl uenced by Buddhism and Daoism. He re-orientates his writ-ings along a trajectory that allows for the “survival” of Christian ideaswithin his re-conceptualized Christo-Confucianology, which exposesphantom ideals, inherited and fi xed by tradition. However, this transculturaldialogue enables him to envisage Sangje (上帝) [the Lord on High]as a God who defers to other names, beyond Confucianism. Hence, Iengage with Tasan, not as a “Korean” thinker, which would limit the implicationsof his thought, but as a transcultural philosopher whose Confucianand Christian ideas interpenetrate each other.
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Toegye 退溪 and The Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning: A Humanistic Guide to the Kingly Way
KEVIN N,CAWLEY 영남퇴계학연구원 2018 The Journal of Toegye Studies Vol.1 No.1
This paper examines one of the most important works in Korea’s intellectual history, by one of its most respected scholars. Toegye 退溪 Yi Hwang 李滉 (1501-1570), synthesised the Song dynasty 宋朝 metaphysics of Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130-1200) in his magnum opus, Seonghak sipdo 聖學十圖 (The Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning). This work reflects the maturity of Korea’s Neo-Confucian tradition, shaping its future trajectory on the Korean peninsula, while also influencing the development of Neo-Confucian thought in Japan. I will delineate the scope of The Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning, while assessing Toegye’s ‘Humanistic’ guiding discourse, which attempts to develop one’s sense of Humanity (仁, K. in), in the Confucian sense, through a rigorous process of self-cultivation, one of the salient features of East Asian thought. Toegye elucidates our place in the ‘moral’ universe, where (wo)mankind is expected to act responsibly towards other members of the family and the larger society, interconnected through a series of relationships, emphasised in his diagrams on learning, which also calls on us to put that learning into actual practice in our daily lives. The text highlights the special role of the king who is expected to be a moral exemplar to his people, representing the essence of ‘sagehood’. The text also facilitates Toegye’s sophisticated meta-psychological analysis of the Heart-and-Mind (心, K. sim) in diagrammatic form, making it more accessible, while also being visually impactful. It was ultimately aimed at developing the psychological character of a ‘sage king’, leading him to cultivate an impartial mind and attitude - reflecting the completion of a man of the Confucian Way - epitomising Humanity for his people.
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