공동주택 주차장 설치기준

오재학(Oh Jae Hak),박준식(Park Junsik) 대한토목학회 2009 대한토목학회논문집 D Vol.29 No.4D

본 연구에서는 주차이용실태조사 자료를 사용하여 주차장법의 공동주택 주차장 설치기준을 검증하였다. 검증결과 주차장법에서 제시한 연상면적에 따른 주차장 설치기준은 주차이용실태조사 자료와 상당히 유사하게 나타나지만 지역과 주택규모에 따른 차이는 유의미하지 않은 것으로 드러났다. 이에 반해 세대수는 연상면적보다 주차수요와 더 강한 상관관계를 보이며, 세대수에 따른 주차장 설치기준은 지역과 주택규모에 따라 그 차이가 유의미한 것으로 분석되었고 일반적인 상식과도 잘 부합한다. 분석결과에 따라 지역과 주택규모에 따른 6개 그룹별로 세대수에 따른 주차장 설치기준을 산정하였다. 각 그룹별로 세대별 주차대수 자료의 분포에 적합한 통계분포를 추정하고 추정된 분포의 평균값을 세대수에 따른 주차장 설치기준으로 제시하였다. 세대수에 따른 주차장 설치기준은 그 상대적, 절대적인 값의 크기를 쉽게 인식할 수 있는 장점이 있으며 실제주차이용실태조사 자료와도 매우 잘 부합하는 것으로 판단된다. This study verifies parking requirements of an apartment suggested in parking generation law in Korea through analysing the surveyed parking generation rate. It is revealed that the parking requirements according to the gross floor area in parking generation law is similar to the surveyed parking generation rate as an average but the differences of each requirements by region and apartment's size are not significant. Parking generation rate results in strong correlation with the number of household rather than the gross floor area, and the new requirements suggested in this study, based on the number of household, shows significant difference by region and apartment's size, which is consistent with common sense. This study suggests parking requirements of an apartment, based on the number of household, by region and apartment's size for 6 groups. Surveyed parking generation rate of each group is fitted to statistical distribution and the mean value of fitted statistical distribution is suggested as the parking requirements of each group. Parking requirements based on the number of household is easily recognized of its relative and absolute value, and moreover is consistent with the surveyed parking generation rate.

Feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing bevacizumab and interval debulking surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

( Junsik Park ),( Yong Jae Lee ),( Jung-yun Lee ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Sunghoon Kim ),( Sang Wun Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2019 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.105 No.-

Objective: For advanced ovarian cancer patients with high perioperative risk or low likelihood of achieving optimal cytoreduction, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) is an alternative treatment option. Furthermore, bevacizumab could consider to add in front-line ovarian cancer therapy for improving progression-free survival and increasing complete resection rate at IDS. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and feasibility of NAC with bevacizumab regimen in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with pathologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer who received NAC (three cycles chemotherapy±bevacizumab) between March 2016 and February 2019. We divided the patients according to the additional use of bevacizumab in NAC and compare the response to NAC and complete resection rate at IDS. Results: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 110 patients who were treated with NAC followed IDS. Among them, 16 patients were treated with NAC + bevacizumab regimen. Interval from biopsy for pathologic diagnosis to IDS was 83.63±22.52 days (NAC with bevacizumab) and 81.17±18.32 days (NAC only). The complete resection rate at IDS were 56.3% (n=9, NAC with bevacizumab) and 50.0% (n=47, NAC only). When we analyzed pathologic response to NAC with chemotherapy response score (CRS), 25.0% of NAC with bevacizumab and 30.9% of NAC only group showed CRS 3 (complete or near-complete response). The PFS and OS could not show significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: In Korean patients with advanced ovarian cancer, NAC + bevacizumab followed by IDS is supposed an acceptable strategy and is expected to have clinical benefit. Although this study shown the feasibility of NAC regimen incorporating bevacizumab followed by IDS in Korean patients, further studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic impact of this strategy in real world.

IMMUNE CHARACTERISTICS OF TUMOR-INFILTRATING T CELLS IN OVARIAN CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA RELATIVE TO OVARIAN HIGH-GRADE SEROUS CARCINOMA

( Junsik Park ),( Jung Chul Kim ),( Miran Lee ),( Joohyang Lee ),( Sunghoon Kim ),( Sang Wun Kim ),( Jung-yun Lee ),( Yu Sang Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-

Objective: A recent series of clinical trials have demonstrated the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). However, little is known about the immune characteristics of OCCC. In this study, we investigated the immunologic properties of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with OCCC to elucidate therapeutic responses to ICIs. Methods: We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and TILs from patients with ovarian cancer. CD8 and regulatory T (Treg) cells of OCCC (n=25) and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients (n=33) were compared using flow cytometry. Results: First, we explored the immune characteristics of OCCC-infiltrating T cells. The % of CD8 and Treg cells were higher in TILs than in PBMCs. CD8 TILs exhibited higher expression of PD-1, CD39, CD103, granzyme B, Ki-67 and TCF-1, compared with peripheral CD8 T cells. Tumor-infiltrating Treg cells were enriched with effector Treg cells and showed higher expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, 4-1BB, OX-40, CD39, and CCR8, compared with peripheral Treg cells. Second, we compared TILs from advanced/recurrent patients with OCCC (n=9) and HGSC (n=33). The expression of PD-1 on CD8 TILs was significantly lower in OCCC than in HGSC. Furthermore, the expression of TCF-1 was significantly higher in OCCC. Meanwhile, the % of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells, especially effector Treg cells was significantly lower in OCCC than in HGSC. Conclusion: Overall, CD8 TILs in OCCC were exhausted similar to those in HGSC. However, CD8 TIL in OCCC showed less exhausted than those in HGSC. Further research is needed to investigate whether the immune properties of TILs in OCCC are actually correlated with the favored responses of ICIs.

PD-1 blockade improves treatment responses to PARP inhibitor by targeting PD-1+regulatory T cells in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer

( Junsik Park ),( Jung Chul Kim ),( Miran Lee ),( Joohyang Lee ),( Yoo-na Kim ),( Yong Jae Lee ),( Jung-yun Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-

Objective: Poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are becoming the standard of care options for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In the current study, we investigated the immunologic effects of PAPRi on circulating Treg cells during PARPi maintenance therapy. Furthermore, we explored ways in which the addition of PD-1 blockade to PAPRi maintenance therapy enhances survival outcomes in recurrent EOC. Methods: We collected serial peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from EOC patients who responded to their most recent platinum-based chemotherapy (n=27). Peripheral blood was collected before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment initiation. Olaparib or niraparib was used as maintenance therapy. We also collected serial PBMCs from patients treated with PAPRi+anti-PD-1 (n=26, NCT04361370). The peripheral Treg cells were analyzed according to treatment responses using multi-color flow cytometry. PARPi responses were defined according to BRCA status and duration of PARPi treatment. Results: The expression of CTLA-4 and CCR8 on Treg cells significantly decreased after 6 months of PAPRi mono-treatment. PAPRi decreased the expression of FoxP3, CTLA-4, TIGIT, CD39, and CCR8 on Treg cells in vitro, but did not change PD-1 expression. Patients with high percentages of PD-1+Treg cells before PAPRi therapy showed significantly poorer progression-free survival (PFS). In a cohort of individuals treated with PAPRi+anti-PD-1 treatment, the expression of PD-1 on Treg cells was significantly decreased after the addition of anti-PD-1. Among patients with high percentages of PD-1+Treg cells between the two cohorts, those in the PAPRi+anti-PD-1 cohort had significantly longer PFS than those in the PAPRi monotherapy cohort. Conclusion: Peripheral PD-1+Treg cell amounts before PAPRi treatment could predict clinical responses, and targeting PD-1+Treg cells with additional PD-1 blockade during PAPRi treatment could potentially improve survival outcomes.

IC Failure Analysis Due to Charged Board Events by Measurements and Modeling of Discharging Currents Through IC Pins

Park, Junsik,Lee, Jongsung,Jo, Cheolgu,Seol, Byongsu,Kim, Jingook IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on device and materials reliabil Vol.17 No.4

<P>Commercial integrated circuits (ICs) were assembled on several practical printed circuit board (PCB) structures, and the discharging currents through individual pins of the IC induced by charged board events (CBE) were measured using shielded Rogowski coils. The overall CBE measurement setup was modeled and validated using circuit simulations. The structures of PCBs and a test ground plane were effectively modeled using a multilayered finite-difference method. Electrostatic discharge protection circuits in the IC were also modeled as behavioral circuit models. From the measurement and modeling of the CBE discharging currents at the IC pins, IC failure mechanisms were analyzed according to PCB structure, decoupling capacitor, and discharging points. Several strategies for IC protection against CBE risks were also obtained.</P>

Endosalpingiosis in Postmenopausal Elderly Women

( Junsik Park ),( Tae Hee Kim ),( Hae Hyeog Lee ),( Soo Ho Chung ),( Dong Su Jeon ) 대한폐경학회 2014 대한폐경학회지 Vol.20 No.1

In gynecology, endosalpingiosis is a benign condition in which the fallopian tube-like epithelium is found outside the fallopian tube. The thirty-four point five percent of endosalpingiosis cases have concurrent endometriosis and 40% of the endosalpingiosis group are in postmenopausal states. In contrast with endometriosis, there are no significant links between infertility, chronic pelvic pain and endosalpingiosis. The symptoms of endosalpingiosis are not yet settled. Endosalpingiosis is almost always an incidental finding; it is commonly found through microscopic examinations, and is then confirmed by pathologists for excision and biopsy. Therefore, the clinical differential diagnosis of an intramural mass is more important for clinicians when discussing further surgery with the patients. We report case of woman who has endosalpingiosis and is presented with vaginal bleeding. We first suspect the disease during physical examination. Under the impression of pelvic mass, laboratory tests and radiological images of contrast enhanced chest computer tomography are taken. Images show multisepted cystic masses in left adnexa. To rule out the pelvic mass, we executed exploratory laparotomy. Pathologic results show endosalpingiosis near the ovary section. But the endosalpingiosis, is not generally considered a pathology, and thus, no treatment is necessary.

Distinct immunophenotype of tumor-infiltrating CD137+ regulatory T cells in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer

( Junsik Park ),( Miran Lee ),( Yong Jae Lee ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Sang Wun Kim ),( Sunghoon Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ),( Jung-yun Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.106 No.-

Objective: In the current study, we analyzed tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (TIL-Treg cells) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) to investigate the role of Treg cells in anti-tumor immunity of EOC. Methods: We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and TILs from 33 patients with newly diagnosed EOC and analyzed them using flow cytometry. First, we gated Treg cells, their fractions, and CD137+Treg cells in PBMCs and TILs. Second, we compared the expression levels of immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) ,Treg activation molecule CD39, costimulatory molecule OX40, proliferation marker Ki-67. Furthermore, levels of Helios (marker of natural Treg cell) and chemokine receptor CCR8 were assessed to explore origin of tumor-infiltrating CD137+ Treg cells. Results: Treg cells were more enriched in TILs than PBMCs. When analyzed fraction of Treg cells, more than half of TIL-Treg cell was fraction III and few fraction I was present in TIL-Treg cells. As for fraction II (suppressive Treg cells), about 40% of TIL-Treg cells was fraction II. When comparing the fraction of peripheral Treg cell with TIL-Treg cells, the peripheral fraction II Treg cells and TIL-Treg cells showed similar expression pattern of ICRs (PD-1 and CTLA-4), CD39 and OX40. Furthermore, Helios and CCR8 were similarly high in fraction II peripheral Treg cells and TIL-Treg cells. CD137+Treg cells as antigen-specific Treg cells were also more infiltrated in TILs. CD137+Treg cells more expressed ICRs and CD39, and OX-40 than CD137-Treg cells. Among CD137+Treg cells, fraction II Treg cells was 57.3%. Most of the CD137+Treg cells were derived from natural Treg cells (Helios+CCR8+) and more proliferative than CD137-Treg cells. CD137+Treg cells showed higher expression of CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3, CD39, and OX40 than CD137-Treg cells. Conclusion: CD137+ TIL-Treg cells showed distinct immunosuppressive phenotype in EOC. However, further study is necessary to evaluate their suppressive function and explore clinical implication.

Fast and Accurate Calculation of System-Level ESD Noise Coupling to a Signal Trace by PEEC Model Decomposition

Park, Junsik,Lee, Jongsung,Seol, Byongsu,Kim, Jingook Professional Technical Group on Microwace Theory a 2017 IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniqu Vol. No.

<P>A fast and accurate calculation method of system-level electrostatic discharge (ESD) noise coupling based on model decomposition of the partial element equivalent circuit is proposed. The proposed method can significantly reduce the calculation time without loss of accuracy by separating small victim signal traces from large aggressor structures such as ground planes and ESD gun strap. Using the method, the ESD noise coupling at the terminations of a victim signal trace is rigorously calculated and validated with measurements and full-wave simulations in both frequency and time domains.</P>

Measurement and Analysis of Statistical IC Operation Errors in a Memory Module Due to System-Level ESD Noise

Park, Myungjoon,Park, Junsik,Choi, Joungcheul,Kim, Jinwoo,Jeong, Seonghoon,Seung, Manho,Lee, Seokkiu,Kim, Jingook [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2019 IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility Vol.61 No.1

<P>Voltage noise and operation errors in an integrated circuit (IC) due to electrostatic discharge (ESD) events were measured, validated, and analyzed in this paper. A simplified structure of a laptop personal computer and an IC with a D-type flip-flop were designed and manufactured for the experimental tests. Every signal input to the IC was simultaneously measured during the ESD tests, and validated with the simulated results using a full-wave solver and a simple circuit model. Next, SPICE simulations were conducted using the measured voltages with ESD tests. The output waveforms and the statistical occurrence ratios of the operation failures found from the SPICE simulations were compared with measured values. Furthermore, the effects of decoupling capacitors on the IC operation failures due to ESD were investigated.</P>

Immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment

Junsik Park,권민석,Eui-Cheol Shin 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.11

During immune responses antigen-specific Tcells are regulated by several mechanisms, includingthrough inhibitory receptors and regulatory T cells, toavoid excessive or persistent immune responses. Theseregulatory mechanisms, which are called ‘immune check-points’, suppress T cell responses, particularly in patientswith chronic viral infections and cancer where viral anti-gens or tumor antigens persist for a long time and con-tribute to T cell exhaustion. Among these regulatorymechanisms, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4(CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) are themost well-known receptors and both have been targeted fordrug development. As a result, anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1(or anti-PD-L1) antibodies were recently developed asimmune checkpoint inhibitors for use in cancer treatments. In this review we describe several receptors that function asimmunological checkpoints as well as the pharmaceuticalsthat target them.