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Controller Backup and Replication for Reliable Multi-domain SDN
( Junli Mao ),( Lishui Chen ),( Jiacong Li ),( Yi Ge ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.12
Software defined networking (SDN) is considered to be one of the most promising paradigms in the future. To solve the scalability and performance problem that a single and centralized controller suffers from, the distributed multi-controller architecture is adopted, thus forms multi-domain SDN. In a multi-domain SDN network, it is of great importance to ensure a reliable control plane. In this paper, we focus on the reliability problem of multi-domain SDN against controller failure from perspectives of backup controller deployment and controller replication. We firstly propose a placement algorithm for backup controllers, which considers both the reliability and the cost factors. Then a controller replication mechanism based on shared data storage is proposed to solve the inconsistency between the active and standby controllers. We also propose a shared data storage layout method that considers both reliability and performance. Besides, a fault recovery and repair process is designed based on the controller backup and shared data storage mechanism. Simulations show that our approach can recover and repair controller failure. Evaluation results also show that the proposed backup controller placement approach is more effective than other methods.
Potential Antitumor Activity of SIM-89 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Jun Pei,Baohui Han,Tianqing Chu,Minhua Shao,Jiajun Teng,Huifang Sha,Aiqing Gu,Rong Li,Jialin Qian,Weifeng Mao,Ying Li 연세대학교의과대학 2017 Yonsei medical journal Vol.58 No.3
Purpose: c-Met and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), play a critical role in oncogenesis and metastatic progression. The aim of this study was to identify inhibited enzymogram and to test the antitumor activity of SIM-89 (a c-Met receptor tyrosine kinaseinhibitor) in non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Z’-LYTE kinase assay was employed to screen the kinase enzymogram, and mechanism of action (MOA) analysis was used to identify the inhibited kinases. Cell proliferation was then analyzed by CCK8 assay, and cell migration was determinedby transwell assay. The gene expression and the phosphorylation of c-Met were examined by realtime-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Finally, the secretion of HGF was detected by ELISA assay. Results: c-Met, activated protein kinase (AMPK), and tyrosine kinase A (TRKA) were inhibited by SIM-89 with the IC50 values of 297 nmol/L, 1.31 μmol/L, and 150.2 nmol/L, respectively. SIM-89 exerted adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibition on c-Met. Moreover, the expressions of STAT1, JAK1, and c-Met in H460 cells were decreased by SIM-89 treatment, and c-Met phosphorylationwas suppressed in A549, H441, H1299, and B16F10 cells by the treatment. In addition, SIM-89 treatment significantly decreased the level of HGF, which accounted for the activation of c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase. Finally, we showed cell proliferationinhibition and cell migration suppression in H460 and H1299 cells after SIM-89 treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, SIM-89 inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration and HGF autocrine, suggesting it’s potential antitumoractivity.
Conversion of syngas to C2+ oxygenates over Rh-based/SiO2 catalyst: The promoting effect of Fe
Jun Yu,Dongsen Mao,Lupeng Han,Qiangsheng Guo,Guanzhong Lu 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.3
The effect of Fe promoter on the catalytic properties of Rh–Mn–Li/SiO2 catalyst for CO hydrogenation was investigated. The catalysts were comprehensively characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2adsorption–desorption, temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Activity testing results showed that low loading of Fe (≤0.1 wt%)improved the reactivity and yield of C2+ oxygenates; however, the opposite effect appeared at the high values of Fe (>0.1 wt%). Characterization results suggested that the addition of Fe strengthened the Rh–Mn interaction and increased the desorption/transformation rate of adsorbed CO, which could be responsible for the increase of CO conversion. But on the other hand, the existence of Fe might deposit over the Rh surface, and decreased the number of active sites, resulting in the decrease of CO conversion when the Fe amount was excessive. The selectivity to C2+ oxygenates varied inversely with the reducibility of Rh oxide species. Moreover, it is proposed that the transformation of dicarbonyl Rh+(CO)2into H–Rh–CO is favorable for the formation of C2+ oxygenates, and the hydrogenation ability of Fe can increase the hydrogenation of acetaldehyde to ethanol.
Expression of HMGB1 and its Clinical Significance in T-cell Lymphoma
Mao, Xing-Jiang,Wang, Geng-Fu,Chen, Zhi-Jun,Wang, Li-Na,Zhang, Jun-Biao,Wang, Hui-Ling Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11
Objectives: To evaluate the clinical significance of HMGB1 expression in T-cell lymphoma. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for HMGB1 and survivin was performed with specimens from 120 cases of T-cell lymphoma and 40 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with antibodies against human HMGB1 and survivin. Results: The expression of HMGB1 and survivin was significantly higher in tissues of T-cell lymphoma than in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Positive expression of HMGB1 and survivin was observed in 63.7% (65/102) and 61.8% (63/102) of T-cell lymphoma cases, respectively. While was associated with gender, age, and tumor location, significant correlations with malignancy and clinical stage were observed. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that the expression of HMGB1 and survivin was positively correlated in T-cell lymphomas (P<0.01). Conclusions: Expression of HMGB1 and survivin in T-cell lymphomas is significantly associated with malignancy and clinical stage, but not with gender, age and tumor location. Elevated expression of HMGB1 may be an important biomarker for the development and progression of T-cell lymphoma.
Mao, Ying-Ying,Jing, Fang-Yuan,Jin, Ming-Juan,Li, Ying-Jun,Ding, Ye,Guo, Jing,Wang, Fen-Juan,Jiang, Long-Fang,Chen, Kun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.9
Accumulated evidence has indicated that Ephrin A1 (EFNA1) is associated with angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in various types of malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In the current study, we performed an online search using the public microarray database to investigate whether EFNA1 expression might be altered in CRC tissues. We then conducted a case-control study including 306 subjects (102 cases and 204 well-matched controls) in Xiaoshan County to assess any association between genetic polymorphisms in EFNA1 and CRC susceptibility. Searches in the Oncomine expression profiling database revealed EFNA1 to be overexpressed in CRC tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue. The rs12904 G-A variant located in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of EFNA1 was observed to be associated with CRC susceptibility. Compared with the AA homozygous genotype, those carrying GA genotype had a decreased risk of developing CRC (odds ratio (OR)=0.469, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.225-0.977, and P=0.043). The association was stronger among smokers and tea drinkers, however, no statistical evidence of interaction between rs12904 polymorphism and smoking or tea drinking on CRC risk was found. Our results suggest that EFNA1 is involved in colorectal tumorigenesis, and rs12904 A>G polymorphism in the 3' UTR of EFNA1 is associated with CRC susceptibility. Larger studies and further mechanistic investigations are warranted to confirm our findings.
Mao, Yi,Shapiro, Paul R.,Mellema, Garrelt,Iliev, Ilian T.,Koda, Jun,Ahn, Kyungjin Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.422 No.2
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The peculiar velocity of the intergalactic gas responsible for the cosmic 21‐cm background from the epoch of reionization and beyond introduces an anisotropy in the three‐dimensional power spectrum of brightness temperature fluctuations. Measurement of this anisotropy by future 21‐cm surveys is a promising tool for separating cosmology from 21‐cm astrophysics. However, previous attempts to model the signal have often neglected peculiar velocity or only approximated it crudely. This paper re‐examines the effects of peculiar velocity on the 21‐cm signal in detail, improving upon past treatment and addressing several issues for the first time. (1) We show that even the <I>angle‐averaged</I> power spectrum, <I>P</I>(<I>k</I>), is affected significantly by the peculiar velocity. (2) We re‐derive the brightness temperature dependence on atomic hydrogen density, spin temperature, peculiar velocity and its gradient and redshift to clarify the roles of thermal versus velocity broadening and finite optical depth. (3) We show that properly accounting for finite optical depth eliminates the unphysical divergence of the 21‐cm brightness temperature in overdense regions of the intergalactic medium found by previous work that employed the usual optically thin approximation. (4) We find that the approximation made previously to circumvent the diverging brightness temperature problem by capping the velocity gradient can misestimate the power spectrum on all scales. (5) We further show that the observed power spectrum in redshift space remains finite <I>even</I> in the optically thin approximation if one properly accounts for the redshift‐space distortion. However, results that take full account of finite optical depth show that this approximation is only accurate in the limit of high spin temperature. (6) We also show that the linear theory for redshift‐space distortion widely employed to predict the 21‐cm power spectrum results in a ∼30 per cent error in the observationally relevant wavenumber range <I>k</I>∼ 0.1–1 <I>h</I> Mpc<SUP>−1</SUP>, when strong ionization fluctuations exist (e.g. at the 50 per cent ionized epoch). We derive an alternative, quasi‐linear formulation which improves upon the accuracy of the linear theory. (7) We describe and test two numerical schemes to calculate the 21‐cm signal from reionization simulations to incorporate peculiar velocity effects in the optically thin approximation accurately, by real‐ to redshift‐space re‐mapping of the H <SMALL>i</SMALL> density. One is particle based, the other grid based, and while the former is most accurate, we demonstrate that the latter is computationally more efficient and can be optimized so as to achieve sufficient accuracy.</P>