A field study of colloid transport in surface and subsurface flows

Zhang, Wei,Tang, Xiang-Yu,Xian, Qing-Song,Weisbrod, Noam,Yang, Jae E.,Wang, Hong-Lan Elsevier, etc 2016 Journal of hydrology Vol.542 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Colloids have been recognized to enhance the migration of strongly-sorbing contaminants. However, few field investigations have examined combined colloid transport via surface runoff and subsurface flows. In a headwater catchment of the upper Yangtze River, a 6m (L) by 4m (W) sloping (6°) farmland plot was built by cement walls to form no-flow side boundaries. The plot was monitored in the summer of 2014 for the release and transport of natural colloids via surface runoff and subsurface flows (i.e., the interflow from the soil-mudrock interface and fracture flow from the mudrock-sandstone interface) in response to rain events. The water sources of the subsurface flows were apportioned to individual rain events using a two end-member model (i.e., mobile pre-event soil water extracted by a suction-cup sampler <I>vs</I>. rainwater (event water)) based on <I>δ</I> <SUP>18</SUP>O measurements. For rain events with high preceding soil moisture, mobile pre-event soil water was the main contributor (generally >60%) to the fracture flow. The colloid concentration in the surface runoff was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that in the subsurface flows. The lowest colloid concentration was found in the subsurface interflow, which was probably the result of pore-scale colloid straining mechanisms. The rainfall intensity and its temporal variation govern the dynamics of the colloid concentrations in both surface runoff and subsurface flows. The duration of the antecedent dry period affected not only the relative contributions of the rainwater and the mobile pre-event soil water to the subsurface flows but also the peak colloid concentration, particularly in the fracture flow. The <10μm fine colloid size fraction accounted for more than 80% of the total suspended particles in the surface runoff, while the colloid size distributions of both the interflow and the fracture flow shifted towards larger diameters. These results highlight the need to avoid the application of strongly-sorbing agrochemicals (e.g., pesticides, phosphorus fertilizers) immediately before rainfall following a long no-rain period because their transport in association with colloids may occur rapidly over long distances via both surface runoff and subsurface flows with rainfall.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Subsurface flow was apportioned into rainwater and mobile pre-event soil water. </LI> <LI> The duration of no-rain period affects peak colloid concentration. </LI> <LI> Rainfall intensity and its temporal variation govern colloid discharge dynamics. </LI> </UL> </P>

『孟子』 〈告子〉편의 構成方式과 主題에 관한 硏究

양재성(Yang Jae sung) 대동한문학회 2016 大東漢文學 Vol.48 No.-

본 논문은 孟子 〈告子〉편의 구성과 주제에 대하여 밝힌 것이다. 기존의 孟子 사상을 논하는 연구물들은 〈告子〉편의 텍스트를 많이 활용하고 있다. 그 내용은 대부분 ‘性’에 대한 철학적 담론이 주가 되고 있으며, 〈告子〉편 전체가 마치 전체가 ‘性善說’을 논한 篇이라는 인식이 자리 잡고있다. 그러나 이러한 연구들은 〈告子〉 章句 上의 일부 텍스트를 위주로 논의되었고, 上, 下를 총체적으로 다루는 연구로 나아가지 못하였다. 따라서 본 논문은 〈告子〉편 전체를 단락별로 나누어 분석해보고자 한다. 본고는 〈告子〉편의 구성을 모두 10개의 단락으로 분절하였다. 단락 분석의 방법은 論語 의 선행연구 방법을 채택하였고, 맥락에 맞게 내용별로 하나 이상의 장을 주제별로 묶어서 하나의 단락으로 본다. 첫 번째 단락은 1~6장으로 ‘본성은 선하며 仁義가 내재되어 있다.’는 것을 밝혔다. 두 번째 단락은 7~10장으로 ‘외부 환경에 따라 不善해진 왕과 신하들이 본성의 선함을 회복해 仁義의 정치에 힘써야한다.’는 것을 밝혔다. 세 번째 단락은 11~15장으로 ‘위정자의 본성인 仁義를 비유를 통해 제시하였다.’는 것을 밝혔다. 네 번째 단락은 16~18장으로 ‘仁義를 닦는 天爵에 힘써야 한다.’는 것을 밝혔다. 다섯 번째 단락은 19~20장으로 ‘성인의 도인 仁義를 법도로 삼아야한다.’는 것을 밝혔다. 이상은 章句 上이며 이론제시 및 전반부에 해당한다. 여섯 번째 단락은 21~24장으로 ‘仁義 政治의 실천덕목인 ‘禮’와 ‘孝’가 제시되었다.’는 것을 밝혔다. 일곱 번째 단락은 25~26장으로 ‘앞 단락의 구체적 사례로 폐백과 실천 방식’에 대하여 밝혔다. 여덟 번째 단락은 27~32장으로 ‘당대 군주와 위정자가 富國强兵이 아닌 仁義 政治를 구현해야한다.’는 것을 밝혔다. 아홉 번째 단락은 33~35장으로 ‘벼슬을 하기 위한 군자의 자질로 好善, 禮, 敬, 行’을 밝혔다. 열 번째 단락은 36장으로 ‘心志를 세우는 것이 仁義 政治의 실현방법이다.’는 것을 밝혔다. 이상은 章句 下이며 上에서 밝힌 이론적 제시를 통하여 이를 실현할 수 있는 실천적 방향으로 결론짓는 방식으로 나아가고 있다. 이로서 〈告子〉편의 주제는 단순히 본성이 선하다는 것을 밝히는 데에 그치지 않고, 선한 본성 곧 仁義의 자질을 회복하여 잘 지켜나가는 사람만이 군자로서 왕도정치를 구현할 수 있음을 밝혔다. This paper presents an investigation into the organization and topics of the Goja book of Mencius. Previous studies that discussed the ideas of Mencius made much use of texts from the Goja book, mostly dealing with philosophical discourses about “sex.” There is a perception that the whole content of Goja addressed “the theory that human nature is fundamentally good.” Those studies, however, focused their discussions on some texts from Janggu Sang in the Goja book, never proceeding to address the entire Sang and Ha. The present study thus set out to analyze the whole Goja book by section. The investigator divided Goja into ten sections by employing the method of section analysis for the Analects of Confucius in previous studies. One or more chapters were put in the same section based on context and content. Section 1 spans from Chapter 1 to Chapter 6, demonstrating that “human nature is fundamentally good and has humanity and justice in it.” Section 2 encompasses Chapters 7~10, stating that “the king and his subjects, that have been evil due to the external environment, should restore the goodness of their nature and devote themselves to the politics of humanity and justice.” Section 3 contains Chapters 11~15, arguing that “humanity and justice, part of a politician s nature, has been proposed through figure of speech.” Section 4 includes Chapters 16~18, maintaining that “they should work on their natural nobility of cultivating humanity and justice.” Section 5 includes Chapters 19 and 20, arguing that “they should take humanity and justice, the morality of saints, as their custom.” Those belong to Janggu Sang, proposing theories in the former half. Section 6 spans from Chapter 21 to Chapter 24, showing that “courtesy and filial duty, the practice of virtues of politics of humanity and justice, have been proposed.” Section 7 includes Chapters 25 and 26, discussing “Pyebaek and methods of practice as the specific cases of the previous section.” Section 8 includes Chapters 27~32, arguing that “the contemporary monarchs and politicians should carry out politics of humanity and justice instead of national prosperity and military power.” Section 9 contains Chapters 33~35, mentioning “Hoseon, courtesy, respect, and action as the qualities of a man of virtue to hold government positions.” The final Section 10 is Chapter 36, stating that “keeping one s will right is to practice the politics of humanity and justice.” Those belong to Janggu Ha, reaching a conclusion toward practicable directions to implement them by proposing the theories addressed in Sang. Those findings indicate that the topics of Goja go beyond the demonstration that human nature is fundamentally good and maintain that only those who restore and practice their good nature or the qualities of humanity and justice can carry out benevolent royal politics as men of virtue.

건강한 성인에서 발병한 칸디다와 연관된 위궤양 1례

박지훈,이상혁,김희,이재호,박성재,지삼룡,양성연,박은택,이연재,설상영,정정명,강미선 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Fungus such as Candida albicans is a normal flora that is frequently found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, vaginal mucosa in a normal person. However, candida can cause opportunistic infection in an immune compromised host. Candidiasis has broad spectrum of disease from mucocutaneous infection to invasive or disseminated infection. But, it is rarely reported that candida is associaed with gastrointestinal tract disease in a healthy adult. The case of gastric ulcer associated with candida particularly in a health adult is reported with relevant literature.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

비정질 Fe80Si2B18 합금의 자성

양재석,강신규,이상훈,조익한 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 191 基礎科學硏究 Vol.11 No.-

The amorphous ?? alloy are studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. This sample are produced by single roll quenching method. The analysis of the distribution of hyperfine fields indicates two peaks. The bimodal P(H) features are as following:?? kOe and ?? =273 kOe. This represents that this sample has the inhomogeneous magnetic structure. The average isomer shift is 0.097 mm/s, the quadrupole splitting is 0.022mm/s. The absorption intensity, b, of M??ssbauer spectrum is about 2.91 and the number of Fourier parameters is eight.

발치 직후 시행된 즉시 임플란트 식립술에 관한 임상적 평가

양은영,천상득,노재환,이승은,송재철,진병로 영남대학교 의과대학 2003 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.20 No.1

Background: Immediate implant placement has become an acceptable treatment for the edentulous area. The advantages of the immediate implant placement include considerable decrease in time from tooth extraction to placement of the finial prosthesis, fewer surgical procedures, and better acceptance of the overall treatment plans. But the success is dependent on the quantity and quality of the extraction socket. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success of the immediate implant placement. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one sites in 16 patients were selected for the evaluation of the immediate implant placement. All of the cases were followed using clinical and radiographic examinations. Criteria of success were the absence of peri-implant radiolucency, mobility, and persistent pain or sign of infection. Results: Of the 21 implants, 13 implants have been succeeded. Of the 13 implants, 10 implants were replaced for the periodontal disease and 3 implants were replaced for the trauma. Conclusion: The criteria of the success in immediate implant placement are as follows. 1) Implants placed into fresh extraction sockets have a high rate of survival. 2) Implant should be placed as close as possible to the alveolar crest. 3) Implant placed into available bone beyond the apex have a high success rate.

RAPD법을 이용한 양파품종(Allium cepa L.)간의 유전변이와 유연관계분석

양보경,김도훈,이영병,남재성,정순재 동아대학교 농업생명과학연구소 2001 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.10 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate genetic variation and relationships among onion varieties, Allium cepa L., by RAPD-PCR analysis. In the test of 120 primers with 58 onion varieties collected from local and abroad, eight primers turned out to be useful for further analysis. These primers eventually provided a total of 71 bands, consisting of 68 polymorphic and three monomorphic ones. The polymorphic bands were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using NTSYS and PAUP computer programs. In the NTSYS analysis, similarity coefficient of the 58 onion varieties ranged from 0 to 0.9179 and that of 27 varieties with obvious origin ranged from 0.0306 to 0.9032, The dendrogram of 58 varieties obtained by NTSYS analysis resulted in 15 groups, but overall groupings were not consistent with bulb phenotypes (e.g., color, weight, and shape) or origin of the varieties either In the PAUP analysis, genetic divergence of the 58 onion varieties ranged from 0.042 to 0.532 and that of 27 varieties with obvious origin ranged from 0.042 to 0.394. Phylogenetic analysis using PAUP revealed 13 group with 58 varieties and nine group with 27 varieties, but these were not consistent with any bulb phenotypes or origin either, as seen in the NTSYS analysis.

제1형 당뇨병 환자에서 췌도세포 동종이식의 반복시행

양태영,정인경,서인아,오은영,조건영,오승훈,김성주,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,김광원,도영수,주성욱 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.4

연구배경:췌도세포 이식은 시술이 간편하고 안전하기 때문에 반복이식이 가능하여 그 동안 여러 센터에서 반복이식의 성공을 보고한 바 있다. 국내에서도 본 병원을 비롯하여 몇몇 센터에서 췌도세포 이식이 활발히 시도되고 있으나 사람에서의 동종이식 및 동종 이식의 반복시행은 보고된 바 없는 실정이다. 저자 등은 국내 최초로 췌도세포 동종이식을 시행하여, 혈청 C­펩타이드가 증가하고 인슐린 요구량이 감소하였으며, 혈당농도와 당화혈색소의 안정을 보였다. 그러나 이식 70일 후 다시 인슐린 요구량이 증가하고 C­펩타이드가 감소하여 췌도세포 이식을 다시 시행한 바 있다. 2차 이식 후 70여일이 지난 현재 다시 혈청 C­펩타이드가 증가하고, 인슐린 요구량이 더 감소되어 췌도세포 이식에서 반복 시행의 유용성을 보고하는 바이다. 방법:환자는 32세 남자로 17년전 당뇨병 진단 후 인슐린 치료 중이었으며, 3년전 부터는 만성신부전증으로 혈액툭석을 하고있었다. 1999년 12월 25일 신장이식을 하였고 3일 후 췌도이식을 하였으며, 두번째 이식은 70일 후 시행하였다. 췌도분리는 변형된 Recordi방법과 비연속성 자당 농도차(discontinuous density gradient)를 이용하였으며 분리한 췌도는 배양 후 환자의 신장기능이 정상화되고 미생물학 검사에서 음성을 확인한 후 경피경간으로 간문맥을 접근하여 16G 폴리 에틸렌 카테터를 이용하여 간실질에 이식하였다. 결과:1차 췌도이식시 순수분리전 췌도수는 210,000개, 순수분리후 획득한 췌도수는 90,000개, 순도 95%, 세포양 1.0mL 이었고, 2차 췌도이식시 순수분리전 췌도수는 420,000개, 순수분리후 획득한 췌도수는 370,000개, 순도 95%, 세포양 1.5mL 이었다. 1,2차 모두 간문맥을 통해 약 20분에 걸쳐 간실질에 주입하였다. 췌도이식전 인슐린요구량은 75∼75U/일, HbA1e 8∼10%, C­펩타이드 0.6ng/mL 였으며, 1차 췌도이식수 7일째 인슐린 요구량은 40U/일, C­펩타이드 1.5ng/mL, FPS 109mg/mL 였고, 40일 추적관찰 후 인슐린 요구량이 36U/일, C­펩타이드 1.8ng/mL, HbA1e 6.5∼7.0%로 안정되었다. 그러나 이식 50일째부터 인슐린 요구량이 50∼56U/일, C­펩타이드 0.6ng/mL, FPS 130∼200mg/dL로 혈당 조절이 불안정하여 다시 췌도이식을 시행하였다. 2차 이식후 50일이 경과한 현재, 인슐린 요구량은 26U/일, C­펩타이드 1.8ng/mL, FPS 90∼120mg/dL로 다시 안정되었다. 결론:췌도이식은 반복이식이 가능하며, 본 환자의 경우 인슐린요구량 감소, 혈당의 안정화 및 C­펩타이드가 상승하여 이식한 췌도의 기능을 확인할 수 있었고, 향후 스테로이드 등 면역억제가 유지 용량으로 감량되면 인슐린 요구량은 더 감소될 것으로 기대된다. Over the past 20 years, significant advances have been made in human islet transplantation. However, cases of prolonged insulin independence after islet allotransplantation have rarely been reported and over time, a slight, gradual decrease in insulin secretion appears to occur, as suggested by the lower C-peptide. Although preliminary clinical success achieved over the past few years has been considerably higher with whole pancreatic transplant than with isolated islet grafts, both approaches remain experimental. Islet grafts might gain, over time, increasing credibility and might eventually provide an easier alternative in terms of grafting procedures and patient management, as compared with the more "traumatizing" whole-pancreas transplantation. Also, using islet, re-transplantation is possible. But it is not known whether re-transplantation of islet could be suitable for those patients who lost grafted islet function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the benefits of re-transplantation of islet in previously simultaneous islets-kidney transplant (SIK) patient who have lost graft function. Methods : The recipient was a 32 year old male. First islet transplantation was underwent at December 25, 1999. However, the grafted islets lost function after 70 days. So we performed re-transplantation of islets. The isolation of islet was conducted sterilely on a laminarflow hood and isolated by a modified Recordimethod. The islet was injected slowly into the liver via a cannular placed in the potalvein for 20 minutes. Results : Transplanted islets were 90,000 IEq at first islet transplantation, 370,000 IEq at second islet transplantation. The insulin requirement was reduced from 75-85 to 35-40 U/day, the basal C-peptide level was 1.5 ng/mL at 7 days posttransplant Unfortunately, the grafted islets lost function after 70 days. After second transplantation, the insulin requirement was reduced to 26 U/day. Conclusions : Despite the continuous need for exogenous insulin therapy, islet transplantation can prevent wide glucose fluctuations, thus resulting in normalization of glycemic control and improvement in HbAlc, and also, show that islets can be successfully and safely re-transplanted intraportally in patients who have lost previously grafted islet function (J Kor Diabetes Asso 457~466, 2000).

CAD/CAM을 이용한 맞춤형 임플란트 지대주의 나사 풀림 토크 평가

이창재,양성은,김석규 대한치과보철학회 2012 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.50 No.2

연구 목적: 본 연구는 국내 개발된 맞춤형 임플란트 지대주와 기성 임플란트 지대주의 반복 하중 전과 후의 나사 풀림 토크 값을 측정, 비교하여 나사 결합부 안전성에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 총 12개의 임플란트 고정체(Implantium, Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea)를 알루미늄 원통에 레진으로 고정하고, 그것을 각각 4개씩, 3개의 군으로 나눠서 각 군별로 기성 티타늄 지대주(Implantium, Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea), 캐드캠 맞춤형 티타늄 지대주(Myplant, Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea), 그리고 금속 연결부가 있는 캐드캠 맞춤형 지르코니아 지대주(Zirconia Myplant, Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea)를 제작하여 임플란트에 연결하였다. 금속관은 지대주에 맞춰서 티타늄을 밀링해서 제작한뒤 지대주에 합착하였다. 반복 하중을 가하기 전에 지대주 나사를 30 Ncm 토크로 조이고 약 30분 후 나사의 초기 풀림 토크값을 측정하였다. 그 후 반복 하중을 30 N에서 120 N의 싸인 곡선을 이루는 압축력으로 2 Hz의 빈도로 50만 싸이클을 가하고 하중 후 풀림 토크값을 측정하였으며, 풀림 토크 상실률을 구하여서 군끼리 비교하였다. 나사의 풀림 토크값의 상실률의 비교를 위해 Kruskal-Wallis test를 이용해서 유의수준 .05에서 분석하였다. 결과: 반복하중 후 나사 풀림 상실률에서 기성 티타늄 지대주 군에 비해 맞춤형 티타늄 지대주는 높은 값을 보였으나 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>.05). 반면, 맞춤형 지르코니아 지대주는 기성 티타늄 지대주에 비해 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다(P=.014). 결론: 본 실험의 한계 내에서 캐드캠 맞춤형 티타늄 임플란트 지대주는 기성 임플란트 지대주에 비해 나사 안정성이 떨어진다고 볼 수 없다. 반면, 캐드캠 맞춤형 지르코니아 지대주 는 기성 임플란트 지대주에 비해 나사 안정성이 다소 떨어진다고 볼 수 있다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the screw joint stability between the CADCAM custom-made implant abutment and the prefabricated implant abutment by measuring the reverse torque value after cyclic loading. Materials and methods: Twelve screw type implants (Implantium, Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea) were embedded in aluminum cylinder with acrylic resin. The implant specimens were equally divided into 3 groups, and connected to the prefabricated titanium abutments (Implantium, Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea), CADCAM custom-made titanium abutments (Myplant, Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea) and CADCAM custom-made zirconia abutments (Zirconia Myplant, Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea). The CAD-CAM milled titanium crown (Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea) was cemented on each implant abutment by resin cement. Before cyclic loading, each abutment screw was tightened to 30 Ncm and the reverse torque value was measured about 30 minutes later. After the crown specimen was subjected to the sinusoidal cyclic loading (30 to 120 N, 500,000 cycles, 2 Hz), postloading reverse torque value was measured and the reverse torque loss ratio was calculated. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis of the reverse torque loss ratio. Results: The CADCAM custom-made titanium abutments presented higher values in reverse torque loss ratio without statistically significant differences than the prefabricated titanium abutments (P>.05). Reverse torque loss ratio of the custom-made zirconia abutments was significantly higher compared to that of the prefabricated titanium abutments (P=.014). Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present in-vitro study, it was concluded that there was no significant difference in screw joint stability between the CADCAM custom-made titanium abutments and the prefabricated titanium abutments. On the other hand, the CADCAM custom-made zirconia abutments showed lower screw joint stability than prefabricated titanium abutments.

참나리(Lilium lancifolium)葉肉細胞로 부터 原形質體의 裸出

尙埰圭,朴良卿,高在哲 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1998 연구논문집 Vol.57 No.2

나리류 육종의 중요 유전자원인 자생 참나리의 葉肉 細胞로부터 健全한 原形質體 裸出에 가장 효과적인 條件을 究明하고자 cellulase와 macerozyme의 處理濃度와 時間, 渗透調節劑의 種類와 濃度, 酵素溶液의 pH, 處理時의 진탕속도와 時間과의 관계등에 대하여 實驗하였다. 酵素의 處理濃度나 時間이 증가할수록 裸出 原形質體의 生存率은 감소하였고 總數와 健全體의 收量은 cellulase 2.5%, macerozyme 0.7%로 처리한 것이 가장 많았다. 渗透調節劑의 종류에 따른 原形質體의 生存率은 glucose에서 가장 높았지만 總裸出 數量과 健全體의 收量은 mannitol에서 가장 많았고 농도는 0.7M이 적당하였다. 酵素 溶液의 pH도 原形質體의 裸出 總數나 生存率에 影響을 미치어 pH 5.8에서 健全한 原形質體의 收量이 가장 많았다. 振(?탕) 速度와 處理 時間에 따라 裸出 原形質體의 生存率은 감소하였으나 收量은 30rpm으로 9시간 처리한 것과 40rpm으로 7시간 처리한 것에서 가장 많았으며 健全體의 收量도 이들 양처리에서 가장 많았다. 참나리의 葉肉 細胞로부터 效果的으로 原形質體를 裸出시키기 위해서는 CPW를 基本 培地로 하여 2.5% celulase Onozuka R-10과 0.7% macerozyme Onozuka R-10으로 효소용액을 조성하고 용액의 渗透濃度는 mannitol을 사용하여 0.7M로, pH 5.8로 조정하여 40rpm으로 7시간 처리하는 것이 가장 좋은 것으로 판단되었다. This study was performed to obtain the optimum condition for isolation of viable protoplasts from Lilium lancifolium mesophyll cells. Cellulase Onozuka R-10 and macerozyme Onozuka R-10 has been used as enzyme. The experiment has been carried out on the effect of teratment concentration and time of cellulase and macerozyme, the kind and concentration of osmotic regulator, pH of enzyme solution, and agitation rate and incubation time. The viability of isolated protoplast decreased with increasing concentration and time of enzyme solution, the total protoplast of isolated and viable protoplast was extremely many when treated with 2.5% cellulase and 0.7% macerozyme. The viability of protoplast is extremely high in glucose among the various kinds of osmotic regulator; the total protoplast of isolated and viable protoplast was most numerous when at 0.7M in mannitol. pH of enzyme solution and effected the isolation and viability, the number of viable protoplast being extermely many at pH 5.8. With increasing agitation rate and treatment time decreased the viability of isolation protoplast, the total of which is, however extremely high when terated at 30rpm for 9 hours and at 40rpm for 7 hours; so is the number of viable protoplast at the same condition. It was concluded that the optimum condition for isolation of from Lillum lancifolium mesophyll protoplasts was the following: enzyme solution containing CPW with 2.5% cellulase Onozuka R-10, 0.7% macerozyme Onozuka R-10 was treated at 40rpm for 7 hours, osmoticum of the solution being 0.7M mannitol at pH 5.8.