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朴道淳,李免宰,吳周映 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-
Embedded systems typically consist of application specific hardware parts and programmable parts,i.e processors like DSPs, core processors or ASIPs. In comparison to the hardware parts, the software parts can be developed and modified each easier. Thus software is less expensive in terms of costs and development time. Hardware however, provides better performance. For this reason, a system designer's goal is a system which fulfills all performance constraints by using as few as possible hardware. Hardware/Software codesign deals with the problem of designing embedded systems. This paper describe an improved approach in hardware/software partitioning. The approach is based on backtracking method to solve the partitioning problem. Because our algorithm use dynamic search order, pruning function, this algorithm will be more faster than simulated annealing for finding optimal partitioning.
DJ-1 deficiency impairs synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability at nerve terminals
Kyung, Jae Won,Kim, Jin-Mo,Lee, Wongyoung,Ha, Tae-Young,Cha, Seon-Heui,Chung, Kyung-Hwun,Choi, Dong-Joo,Jou, Ilo,Song, Woo Keun,Joe, Eun-Hye,Kim, Sung Hyun,Park, Sang Myun National Academy of Sciences 2018 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol.115 No.7
<P>Mutations in DJ-1 (PARK7) are a known cause of early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormalities of synaptic vesicle trafficking underlie the pathophysiological mechanism of PD. In the present study, we explored whether DJ-1 is involved in CNS synaptic function. DJ-1 deficiency impaired synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability without inducing structural alterations in synapses. Familial mutants of DJ-1 (M26I, E64D, and L166P) were unable to rescue defective endocytosis of synaptic vesicles, whereas WT DJ-1 expression completely restored endocytic function in DJ-1 KO neurons. The defective synaptic endocytosis shown in DJ-1 KO neurons may be attributable to alterations in membrane cholesterol level. Thus, DJ-1 appears essential for synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability, and impairment of this function by familial mutants of DJ-1 may be related to the pathogenesis of PD.</P>
이재면,박근수 동국대학교 경제경영연구원 무역연구부 1996 國際貿易硏究 Vol.20 No.2
With industrialization and an increasing population, Environmental pollution is a serious problem unlike any that human being have faced, and it is not local but global problem. Recently, in order to reduce emission of environmental pollution, there is a increasing concern regarding the environmental controls over the world. And so several policies are introduced every nation and several international agreements; Basel Convention on Transboarding Movements of Hazardous Wastes; Framework Convertion on Climate Change; Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species(CITES); are acted. But the essential elements of the measures to address the global environmental problems include: the deeping and widening of the public's understanding of the issue; capacity building; the financial mechanism; and technology transfer are different from each nation and the harmonization of policies concerning environmental are needed each others. The Rio Declaration and Agenda 21 adapted in 1992 identified the issues to be addressed by countries and international institutions in the area of environmental protection. Subsequently, the commission on sustainable development was established to monitor the performance of those countries and international institutions; WTO; OECD; UNCEP; ISO; EU. But these trends of international environmental controls affected industrial organization and trade patterns. I studied the trend of international environmental controls and have presentation a proposal for the rationalization of environmental administration and eco-management in this paper.
Infrared radiation accelerates the dissolution rate of a microneedle array patch
( Jae Woo Lim ),( Shingyoung Song ),( Seha Park ),( Seulki Lee ),( Jinok Baek ),( Joo Young Roh ),( Hyang Joon Park ),( Jee-hyun Park ),( Cheong Bi Kim ),( Hyun-ji Lee ),( Jae Myun Lee ),( Jung-hwan P 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1
Background: The microneedle array patch (MAP) has been used for various applications because it is highly efficacious in delivering the active drug ingredient into the skin. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), the surface temperature of the skin, the dissolution rate of the MAP tips with infrared (IR) irradiation, and time for recovery from erythema that occurred after MAP attachment and IR irradiation. Methods: In this study, the dissolution rate of a MAP was increased, not by changing the drug formulation but by employing an IR device. TEWL increased more than fourfold IR irradiation. Water that evaporated as a result of IR irradiation was trapped in the skin layer by the patch, resulting in the increased dissolution rate of the MAP tips. Results: After 10min of IR irradiation, the height of the dissolving tips increased from 41 to 56%, and the dissolved volume of the tips increased from 7 to 18%. During the 10 min of irradiation, the skin surface temperature rose from 32 to 40°C. Erythema occurred in the early stage of treatment, but it abated within 2 h after removal of the MAP and cessation of IR irradiation. Conclusion: Through this study, it was possible to shorten the administration time of MAPs by using an IR device that could be easily accessed. This method can be applied to various types of MAPs to reduce the time that the MAPs must remain attached to the skin without changing the drug formulation.
실험견의 급성 저산소성 폐고혈압증에서 K+ Channel 의 역할
조재연(Jae Youn Cho),박상면(Sang Myun Park),박희남(Hee Nam Park),이진구(Jin Goo Lee),심재정(Jae Jeong Shim),인광호(Kwang Ho In),강경호(Kyung Ho Kang),유세화(Se Hwa Yoo) 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.50 No.3
Objectives: Numerous studies about mediators in acute hypoxic process have been done. These studies revealed that endothelium derived relaxing factor(EDRF, known as nitric oxide) contributed greatly to the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor(EDHF) regulated the tone of vascular smooth muscle. EDHE is known to open K+ channel, hyperpolarizes vascular smooth muscle cells, closes voltage-dependent Ca++ channel and finally relaxes vascular smooth muscle. Some studies revealed that acute hypoxic pulmonary hypertension was developed by inhibition of EDRF &EDHF. To investigate the role of K+ channel in pulmonary hypertension during acute hypoxia, we measured changes of hemodynamic parameters in experimental dogs after adding glibenclamide(K+ channel blocker), methylene blue(S-guanylate cyclase inhibitor), L-NNA(NO synthase inhibitor) and nicorandil(K+ channel opener and S-guanylate cyclase activator). Methods: Six dogs were anesthetized with thiopental sodium and mechanically ventilated with Harvard volume-cycled animal ventilator. Venous and arterial catheters were placed in the limb vein for infusion and femora} artery to measure systemic arterial pressure. Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted via right internal jugular vein for measuring pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure asnd cardiac output. We measured the influence of glibenclamide (3mg/kg). methylene blue(lmg/kg), L-NNA (30mg/kg) and nicorandil(300μg/kg) on the changes of hemodynamic parameters during normoxia and hypoxia. Results: The infusion of nicorandil did not affect mean pulmonary arterial pressure during normoxia and significantly inhibited the increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure during hypoxia. Glibenclamide did not change mean pulmonary arterial pressure during normoxia, but significantly augmented the increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure during hypoxia. Methylene blue infusion did not affect mean pulmonary arterial pressure during normoxia, but moderately augmented the increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure during hypoxia. The infusion of L-NNA did not affect mean pulmonary arterial pressure during normoxia and augmented the increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure singnificantly during hypoxia, The increase of pulmonary arterial pressure induced by glibenclamide, methylene blue, and L-NNA, under hypoxic state was inhibited by nicorandil. Conclusion: Glibenclamide (K channel blocker) did not affect the mean pulmonary arterial pressure in normoxic state, but augmented the pulmonary hypertension during hypoxia and this effect was inhibited by nicorandil. It is suggested that K+ channel contributes to pulmonary hypertension developed during hypoxia, and the depressive effect of nicorandil seems to be attributable to its dual actions as a K' channel opener and an activator of S-guanylate cyclase.