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Hydration of DCPD over sulfonic acid-functionalized SBA-15 catalyst
Yu-Cheng Lin,Yu-Wei Huang,Ku-Hsiang Sung,Tsung-Han Lin,Soofin Cheng 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.44 No.-
Sulfonic acid-functionalized SBA-15 materials (SA-SBA-15) with ordered channeling pores weresynthesized by one-pot co-condensation and used to catalyze the hydration of dicyclopentadiene(DCPD). The target product, cydecanol (DCPD-OH) has been used as a modifier for polyester or alkydresin. Propylsulfonic acid functionalized SBA-15 was found to be more efficient than the silica gelcounterpart or arylsulfonic acid functionalized material in catalyzing DCPD hydration to yield DCPD-OH. The DCPD conversion and DCPD-OH yield increased with the decrease in H2O/DCPD ratio. Optimal DCPDconversion and DCPD-OH selectivity were obtained with the molar composition of DCPD:H2O:H+[1TD$DIF]-catalyst = 1:30:0.1.
유아를 위한 ICT 활용 탐구중심 자연친화 교육 프로그램 개발
유구종(Ku Jong Yu),김향란(Hyang Ran Kim) 한국열린유아교육학회 2014 열린유아교육연구 Vol.19 No.1
본 연구는 매체로서 ICT가 갖고 있는 이점을 적극적으로 활용하여 자연 속에서 이루어지는 유아들의 호기심을 지속적으로 유지시키며, 이러한 호기심을 해결하는 과정에서 유아의 과학적 태도와 탐구능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 ICT 활용 탐구중심 자연친화 교육 프로그램을 개발하는 데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 자연친화 교육과 탐구 활동 및 ICT 활용 교육과 관련된 문헌 및 선행 연구들을 고찰하였다. 또한 현장관찰, 교사면담 그리고 유아교사의 ICT 활용 탐구중심 자연친화 교육에 대한 요구와 인식조사를 기초로 유아를 위한 ICT 활용 탐구중심 자연친화 교육 프로그램의 시안을 구성하고 내용타당도 검증을 거쳐 프로그램의 목적과 목표, 내용, 교수·학습 방법, 평가방법을 구안하였다. 이후 G시에 소재한 어린이집 만 5세 유아 1개 학급 15명을 대상으로 예비연구를 통해 내용 및 현장 적합성에 대한 검토 및 수정·보완의 과정을 거친 후 최종 프로그램을 개발하였다. 프로그램의 목적은 자연을 존중하고, 자연현상에 호기심을 가지고 탐구하며 문제해결을 위한 과학적 기초 능력을 기르는데 있다. 프로그램의 교육내용은 자연에 대해 관심가지기, 자연에 대해 알아보기, 자연친화적 태도가지기로 구성하였다. 프로그램의 교수·학습과정은 크게 문제인식하기→자료수집하기→공유하기 3단계로 구성한 후 다시 하위 8단계로 세분화하였다. 평가는 유아평가, 프로그램 평가 그리고 교사평가이다. This study develops an inquiry-based, nature-friendly education program. The program is able to maintain consistently the curiosity of infants cultivated in nature and to improve the scientific attitude and exploration ability of infants during the process of addressing their curiosity by utilizing the benefits of ICT as a medium. For the development of the program, the study composes a draft of an inquiry-based, nature-friendly education program for infants that is based on a literature analysis regarding nature-friendly education, exploration activity, and education with the utilization of ICT, field observation, interview with teachers. The program is further based on a survey of demand for and perception about exploration-oriented, nature-friendly education with the utilization of ICT by infant teachers. To carry out preliminary research, one class of fifteen preschoolers, Western aged 5 was selected from a kindergarten located in the city of G. Then, through the verification of contents validity, the study designed the program`s purpose and goal, content, instructional and learning methods, and evaluation method. Later, the study developed a final program through a review, modification, and complementation of the contents and field suitability gained from preliminary research. First, regarding the structure of the inquiry based nature-friendly education program using ICT in early childhood, the purpose of the program was to develop respect for nature, develop curiosity about natural phenomena, develop an ability to explore, and to cultivate the scientific basis for problem-solving. The contents of the program consisted of ``having an interest in nature``, ``learning about nature`` and ``having a nature·friendly attitude``. The teaching and learning processes of the program were configured largely in three steps: recognition→ data collection→ sharing. This was then subdivided again into 8 steps. The assessment was divided into three sections: early childhood assessment, program evaluation, and teacher evaluation.
Shih-Ku Lin,Shu-Yu Yang,Seon-Cheol Park,Ok-Jin Jang,Xiaomin Zhu,Yu-Tao Xiang,Wen-Chen Ouyang,Afzal Javed,M. Nasar Sayeed Khan,Sandeep Grover,Ajit Avasthi,Roy Abraham Kallivayalil,Kok Yoon Chee,Norliza 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.1
Objective: Pharmacotherapy including mood stabilizers and antipsychotics are frequently used in bipolar disorder (BD); however, the lack of consensus regarding the definition of polypharmacy hinders conducting comparative studies across different settings and countries. Research on Asian Prescription Pattern (REAP) is the largest and the longest lasting international collaborative research in psychiatry in Asia. The objective of REAP BD was to investigate the prescription patterns of psychotropic medications across Asian countries. The rates of polypharmacy and psychotropic drug load were also analyzed. Methods: The data collection was web-based. Prescription patterns were categorized as (1) mood stabilizer monotherapy: one mood stabilizer; (2) antipsychotic monotherapy: one antipsychotic; (3) simple polypharmacy: one mood stabilizer and one antipsychotic; and (4) complex polypharmacy: ≥ 2 mood stabilizers or/and antipsychotics. The psychotropic drug load in each patient was calculated using the defined daily dose method. Results: Among 2003 patients with BD (52.1% female, 42.4 years) from 12 countries, 1,619 (80.8%) patients received mood stabilizers, 1,644 (82.14%) received antipsychotics, and 424 (21.2%) received antidepressants, with 14.7% mood stabilizer monotherapy, 13.4% antipsychotic monotherapy, 48.9% simple polypharmacy, 20.3% complex polypharmacy, and 2.6% other therapy. The average psychotropic drug load was 2.05 ± 1.40. Results varied widely between countries. Conclusion: Over 70% of psychotropic regimens involved polypharmacy, which accords with the high prevalence of polypharmacy in BD under a permissive criterion (2 or more core psychotropic drugs) worldwide. Notably, ≥ 80% of our sample received antipsychotics, which may indicate an increasing trend in antipsychotic use for BD treatment.