Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

복수암 Sarcoma 180을 생쥐의 B 임파구 분화에 미치는 Ascorbate의 영향

강영준,노정혜,강사욱,정가진 大韓免疫學會 1993 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

Ascorbate is one of the important radical scavengers. Its roles in biological system including anti-cancer effects have been broadly studied. Ascorbate recovered the function of B lymphocytes which was suppressed by Sarcoma 180-derived immunosuppressive factor(s). Production of anti-SRBC antidody was increased by the adminisration of ascorbate in the Sarcoma 180 culture supernatant-treated mice. Ascorbate enhanced the suppressed immune function of tumor-bearing hosts. Treatment of 1 mg of ascorbate increased the function of B lymphocytes, however, 10ug of ascorbate treatment decreased. In vitro treatment of ascorbate increased the immunoglobulin production ac-cording to the increasement of ascorbate concentration. These results also imply that ascorbate may be a immunoreeulatory molecule.

조혈모세포이식술이 골수기질세포의 기원 및 조골세포로의 증식 및 분화에 미치는 효과

강무일,조성원,오은숙,백기현,이원영,오기원,김혜수,한제호,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

중금속이 코스모스와 해바라기의 초기 생육반응에 미치는 영향 : the Potential for Phytoremediation

강민혜,이영현,이종화 韓國植物ㆍ人間ㆍ環境學會 2003 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.6 No.2

This research used cosmos(Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) and sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) to test the possibility of phytoremediation, an environment-friendly heavy metal removing method. I examined the emergence, growth rate and physiological responses and confirmed heavy metal accumulation of Cd and Cu treatment and pH treatment-affected plants at early growing period. The emergence and growth rate was shown the most low in the Cu 2000uM. Chlorophyll and soluble protein content according to pH concentration were a little bad in their treatment plot compared with the control and were a little bad as pH concentration was low. But total nitrogen content was shown the highest in the Cu 2000μM than other treatments and was increased as pH was low. Heavy metal accumulation of roots in two plants was higher than the content of shoot part. Heavy metal accumulation concentration was measured Cu 369.79μg/g, Cd 114.99μg/g in roots of cosmos, and Cu 318.94μg/g, Cd 81.20μg/g in roots of sunflower.

항진균성 6-(4-브로모페닐)아미노-7-클로로-5,8-퀴놀린디온의 안전성 평가

강혜영 외 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2004 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.13

The toxicities of antifungal 6-(4-bromophenyl)amino-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinedione (RCK55) had been evaluated. RCK55 was negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium and chromosomal aberration test in CHL cells. RCK55 did not show any clastogenic effect in mouse peripheral blood and was negative in mouse micronucleus assay. These results indicate that RCK55 has no genotoxic potential under these experimental conditions. Acute oral toxicity studies of RCK55 were carried out in ICR mice of both sexes. RCK55 did not show acute oral toxicities and LD50 values were over 2,850 mg/kg in ICR mice.

유기산 완충용액의 포화도가 상아질의 탈회에 미치는 영향

강혜실,이찬영 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.5

The purpose of this study is to compare and to evaluate the effects of the degree of saturation on the progression of artificial root caries lesion. A total of 8 human premolars without any defects and cracks selected and the cementum were removed and the teeth were cleaned with ultrasonic device and pumice without fluoride. Each tooth was sectioned into 6 pieces and they were ground with #800 sandpaper until they had a thickness of 200 ㎛. Specimens were applied with nail vanish except for the 2-3 mm window area after application of bonding agent. Under the constant pH, the specimens were divided into 6 groups (degree of saturation: 0.1415, 0.1503, 0.1597, 0.1676, 0.1771. 0.1977). Each group was immersed in acid buffer solution for 1, 2, 3, 5 days under controlled temperature (25℃) and imbibed in water and examined using the polarizing microscope. The results were as follows 1. Although the degree of saturation of demineralization solution decreased, the depth of penetration in the dentin was constant. 2. Erosion was observed on the surface of all the teeth in the group Ⅰ, Ⅱ. In the group Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, surfaces were not changed. The teeth in the group Ⅵ showed the more mineralized surface but not the shape of the dentinal tubules distinctively. 3. In all groups, the lesion progressed rapidly at the first day of the experiment, but increased gradually as time elapsed.

취업 주부의 자녀 관리에 관한 연구 : 학령전 자녀를 중심으로

강영자,김혜연 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 自然科學 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 가정과 사회라는 이중역할 속에서 취업주부가 수행해야 하는 가사노동의 한 측면으로 자녀관리를 인식하고, 자녀관리 만족도와 관계가 있는 변수들을 파악함으로써 이상적인 자녀관리를 위한 기초자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 위하여 학령전 자녀를 가지고 있고 직업이 교사인 취업주부들을 대상으로 실증조사를 실시하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 취업주부 가정의 주부와 남편은 자녀관리에 소비하는 시간이 많으며, 휴일에는 다른 가사노동보다도 자녀관리를 위해 대부분의 시간을 소비한다. 또한 주부가 취업할 경우 남편은 자녀관리의 책임을 분담하는 시간이 늘어난다. 2. 취업주부가정의 대리자녀관리자는 시어머니, 친정어머니와 같은 혈연관계의 가족이나 친척이 자녀관리를 대행하는 가정형의 유형이 많았다. 취업주부가 생각하는 이상적인 대리자녀관리자 유형은 자녀의 연령이 0-3세인 경우 가정형이었으며, 자녀의 연령이 4-7세인 경우 시장형이었다. 3. 취업주부의 자녀 관리 만족도는 약간 불만족한 수준으로 자녀발달에 대해서는 약간 만족했지만, 자녀관리에 전체자녀관리에 소비하는 시간에 비해 자녀관리시간에 대한 만족수준은 매우 낮았다. 대리 자녀관리자와 전체자녀관리에 대한 만족수준은 중간정도였다. 4. 자녀관리만족도에 유의한 차이를 가져오는 변수는 주부의 연령과 대리자녀관리자 유형이었다. 가족크기에 따라 대리자녀관리자에 대한 만족도에는 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 자녀발달만족도에 유의한 차이를 가져오는 변수는 주부의 연령, 막내의 연령, 주부의 자녀관리시간이었다. 사회심리적 변수와 남편의 자녀관리 시간은 자녀관리만족도에 유의한 차이를 가져오지 않았다. The purpose of this study is to present the fundamental data for the desirable pre-school age child-care of working wives. For this purpose, questionnaire is given to the working wives who are teachers and have pre-school age children. frequences, percent ANOVA were used in analysis of the data. Major results are : 1. As working wives have the time constrants for child-care, they try to have more time in holiday and their husbands are supportive. 2. Workingwives have chosen the family type child-care and it is considered ideal type among all types. 3. Workingwives are dissatisfied with child-care. 4. There is significant difference in child-care satisfaction and sub satisfaction according to the wife's age, family size, type of child-care, the youngest's age, wife's child-care time.

유방선암의 유형에 따른 c-erbB-2, p53, bcl-2, 그리고 c-myc의 발현

강영근,조현득,오미혜,김의한,양승하 순천향의학연구소 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.2

Breast carcinoma is a common malignant tumor in female of the korea. Various oncogenes have been found in malignant tumor cells. There were many reports or correlation between the prognosis of patients and c-erbB-2, p53, bcl-2, and c-myc, but is controversial. We performed immunohistochemical stain for above antigenic protein for 80 cases of breast carcinoma and evaluated expression rate of each antigens, and we compared their correlation with prognosis of patients. The results were as follow; 1) The expression rates in breast carcinoma was c-erbB-2 80%, p53 56.3%, bcl-2 51.3% and c-myc 53.8%. 2) c-erbB-2 showed no significant difference according to histologic types, grade, and lymph node metastatic status of breast carcinoma. 3) p53 showed higher expression rate in metastatic cases compared to non-metastatic cases, and it showed higher expression rate according to increasing of grade without significant difference. There is no significant difference according to types. 4) The expression rate of bcl-2 in breast carcinoma be lowed according to increasing of grade. There was no significant difference according to types, side, and status of lymph node metastasis. 5) c-myc showed higher expression rate in non-metastatic cases compared to and metastatic cases, and it showed decreasing expression rate according to increasing of grade without significant difference. There is no significant difference according to types. 6) p53 and bcl-2 in breast carxinoma showed reverse corre1ation(P < 0.05), and bc1-2 and c-myc showed close correlation without statiscally significance. Above results showed that p53 may be related to poor prognosis of the patients and c-myc may be related good prognosis in breast carcinoma. There was reverse correlation between p53 and bcl-2 and bcl-2 and c-myc may be correlated closely. c-erbB-2 and bcl-2 showed no interrelation to prognosis.

국내·외 관련 제도 및 실태분석을 통한 한국형 장애인 자립생활센터의 계획방향에 관한 연구

강지혜,윤영삼,김상운,성기창,박광재,강병근 한국의료복지시설학회 2006 의료·복지 건축 Vol.12 No.2

The wealth of Korean disability people’s paradigm has developed by the meaning of whole rehabilitation of the small society for acception and protection. Today, that meaning has been changed to make and choose disability people’s future plans by themselves. The CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in Korea has been accepted through the American and Japanese’s activity systems with no objection. Following result of the real reserching, because the CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in Korea have no legal basement, so there are little support for these centers and no proper rules and check systems. Therefore, we have to make the legal basement of CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING and separate by each parts of system and to specialize about them. That means, each parts of system have to mark role mode for doing well, and each systems have to develop new programs and services, and to specialize for in Korea. To add, we should have more small CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in each area, and the CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING which are already started should make network system to contact with other centers in society for giving support of proper information.

외상으로 실활된 미성숙 영구치에서의 계속된 치근 형성

강유진,김혜영,김영진,김현정,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

치아에 외상을 받은 경우 치수 생활력의 상실은 흔한 일이다. 치수 생활력을 검사하는 방법으로는 임상적, 방사선학적으로 여러 가지가 있지만, 미성숙 외상치의 경우 일시적 현상과 가성 반응이 나타날 수 있으므로 치수 괴사에 대한 정확한 진단은 매우 어렵다. 생활력을 상실한 치아는 염증성 치근흡수, 치근단 낭종 등의 발생을 방지하기 위하여 치수 치료를 시행한다. 그러나 미성숙 영구치의 경우, 치수 치료를 시행 후 치근 성장이 정지될 수 있어 결과적으로 얇고 짧은 치근이 형성되어 장기적인 예후는 좋지 않다. 본 임상 증례에서는 외상으로 인하여 실활된 초기 영구치에서 치근단부의 최소한의 침습적 치근단 형성술로 계속된 치근 형성을 보여 이에 보고하는 바이다. In case of luxation injuries, loss of tooth vitality is common. And in case of trauma in the immature permanent teeth, precise diagnosis of pulp necrosis is very difficult. That is because limitation in distinguishing between normal dental papilla in immature permanent teeth, transient apical breakdown(TAB), which is part of normal healing process, and apical radiolucency in pulp necrosis. Especially in non-vital immature permanent tooth, the treatment is complex and requires long time. This clinical case report shows that severely infected immature teeth with periradicular periodontitis can undergo healing and apexogenesis or maturogenesis with no definative treatment or after conservative treatment. In the cases reported, we emphasize the considerable power of regeneration of the tooth, probably due to its large number of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the dental papilla, pulp tissue, periodontal ligament tissues. Thus, when endodontic treatment in immature permanent teeth, over instrumentation is not recommend for preserve the apical vital stem cells.