Quantitative PCR for Etiologic Diagnosis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit

Kwon, Sun-Jung,Jeon, Tae-Hyeon,Seo, Dong-Wook,Na, Moon-Joon,Choi, Eu-Gene,Son, Ji-Woong,Yoo, Eun-Hyung,Park, Chang-Gyo,Lee, Hoi-Young,Kim, Ju-Ock,Kim, Sun-Young,Kang, Jae-Ku The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.3

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Since methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent pathogen in VAP, rapid identification of it, is pivotal. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a useful method for etiologic diagnoses of MRSA pneumonia. Methods: We performed qPCR for mecA, S. aureus-specific femA-SA, and S. epidermidis-specific femA-SE genes from bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial washing samples obtained from clinically-suspected VAP. Molecular identification of MRSA was based on the presence of the mecA and femA-SA gene, with the absence of the femA-SE gene. To compensate for the experimental and clinical conditions, we spiked an internal control in the course of DNA extraction. We estimated number of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of MRSA samples through a standard curve of a serially-diluted reference MRSA strain. We compared the threshold cycle (Ct) value with the microbiologic results of MRSA. Results: We obtained the mecA gene standard curve, which showed the detection limit of the mecA gene to be 100 fg, which corresponds to a copy number of 30. We chose cut-off Ct values of 27.94 (equivalent to $1{\times}10^4$ CFU/mL) and 21.78 (equivalent to $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL). The sensitivity and specificity of our assay were 88.9% and 88.9% respectively, when compared with quantitative cultures. Conclusion: Our results were valuable for diagnosing and identifying pathogens involved in VAP. We believe our modified qPCR is an appropriate tool for the rapid diagnosis of clinical pathogens regarding patients in the intensive care unit.

Quantitative PCR for Etiologic Diagnosis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit

( Sun Jung Kwon ),( Taeh Yeon Jeon ),( Dong Wook Seo ),( Moon Joon Na ),( Eu Gene Choi,),( Ji Woong Son ),( Eun Hyung Yoo ),( Chang Gyo Park ),( Hoi Young Lee ),( Ju Ock Kim ),( Sun Young Kim ),( Jae 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.3

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Since methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent pathogen in VAP, rapid identification of it, is pivotal. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a useful method for etiologic diagnoses of MRSA pneumonia. Methods: We performed qPCR for mecA, S. aureus-specific femA-SA, and S. epidermidis-specific femA-SE genes from bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial washing samples obtained from clinically-suspected VAP. Molecular identification of MRSA was based on the presence of the mecA and femA-SA gene, with the absence of the femA-SE gene. To compensate for the experimental and clinical conditions, we spiked an internal control in the course of DNA extraction. We estimated number of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of MRSA samples through a standard curve of a serially-diluted reference MRSA strain. We compared the threshold cycle (Ct) value with the microbiologic results of MRSA. Results: We obtained the mecA gene standard curve, which showed the detection limit of the mecA gene to be 100 fg, which corresponds to a copy number of 30. We chose cut-off Ct values of 27.94 (equivalent to 1×104 CFU/mL) and 21.78 (equivalent to 1×105 CFU/mL). The sensitivity and specificity of our assay were 88.9% and 88.9% respectively, when compared with quantitative cultures. Conclusion: Our results were valuable for diagnosing and identifying pathogens involved in VAP. We believe our modified qPCR is an appropriate tool for the rapid diagnosis of clinical pathogens regarding patients in the intensive care unit.

MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Korean Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

( Ji Woong Son ),( Young Jin Kim ),( Hyun Min Cho ),( Soo Young Lee ),( Jin Sung Jang ),( Jin Eun Choi ),( Jung Uee Lee ),( Min Gyu Kang ),( Yu Mi Lee ),( Sun Jung Kwon ),( Eu Gene Choi ),( Moon Jun N 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2009 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.67 No.5

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, development and differentiation. Several studies have shown that aberrant expression of miRNAs is involved in cancer development and progression by regulating the expression of proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we investigated miRNA expression profiles in Korean patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We performed miRNA microarray analysis containing 60∼65 bp oligonucleotide probes representing human 318 miRNAs and validated the results of the microarray with Northern blot analysis or quantitative RT-PCR. Next, we examined the correlation between miRNA expression and the target gene transcriptional profile using a human whole-genome-expression microarray. Results: We showed that 35 miRNAs were expressed differentially in the NSCLCs and corresponding non-malignant lung tissues. We showed that 35 miRNAs were expressed differentially in the NSCLCs and corresponding nonmalignant lung tissues. Thirteen of the 35 differentially expressed miRNAs were newly identified in the present study. Of the 35 miRNAs, 2 (miR-371 and miR-210) were over-expressed in lung cancers, and 33 miRNAs, including miR-145, were under-expressed in lung cancers. miR-99b expression consistently showed a negative correlation with FGFR3 expression. Conclusion: Albeit a small number of patients were examined, these results suggest that miRNA expression profiles in Korean lung cancers may be somewhat different from the expression profiles reported on lung cancers in Western populations. The findings suggest that miR-99b might be a tumor suppressor through its up-regulation of FGFR3.

소디움클로라이트를 이용한 3단계 치아미백세치제의 치아미백효과에 관한 연구

오필선,최유진 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

It is beauty is his true character. Today it was extensively used for tooth whitening by Peroxide systen. This method is using the oxidation of peroxide, and has many defects. Just in time, there was an opinion that Non-peroxide tooth whitening system, an 3-step-tooth whitening toothpaste system, was newly developed at America in 1999, and this system was safe to vital teeth and it quickly got whitening effect. So we reorganized 103 Koreans to two groups( 50persons of experiment group, 53persons of control group). Experiment group han used an 3-step-tooth whitening toothpaste system, control group typical toothpaste. And we measured the value befor the use of respective toothpastes and the value after its use for 3 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. There was 25.11%of tooth whitening effects in experiment group for 3 weeks(p<0.01). 2. There was no any side effects on experimental toothpaste used for 3 weeks.

Hpall- Mspl Methylation Microarray를 이용한 비소세포폐암의 DNA Methylation Marker 발굴

권미혜 ( Mi Hye Kwon ),이고은 ( Go Eun Lee ),권선중 ( Sun Jung Kwon ),최유진 ( Eu Gene Choi ),나문준 ( Moon Jun Na ),조현민 ( Hyun Min Cho ),김영진 ( Young Jin Kim ),설혜정 ( Hye Jung Sul ),조영준 ( Young Jun Cho ),손지웅 ( Ji Woo 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2008 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.65 No.6

연구배경: 유전자의 후생적인 변화(epigenetic alteration)는 악성종양의 병인론에 있어서 유전자 변이와 동등한 위치를 점하고 있다. 특히 종양억제 유전자의 전사 촉진(promoter) 부위에 발생하는 비정상적인 메칠화(methylation)는 유전자의 발현을 침묵화(silencing)하고, 결과적으로 유전자의 기능 소실을 일으키게 된다. 저자들은 CpG island와 HpaII site를 가지고 있으며 암화 과정에 관여할 것으로 생각되는 유전자에 대하여 HpaII-MspI methylation microarray를 이용하여 새로운 종양억제 유전자를 발굴하고자 하였다. 방법: 2005년 건양대학교 병원에서 수술한 비 소세포성 폐암 환자 10명에서 폐암조직과 상응하는 암 주변의 정상조직을 얻었으며, HpaII-MspI methylation microarray (Methyl-Scan DNA chip(R), Genomic tree, Inc, South Korea)를 이용하여 21개의 유전자에 대하여 DNA methylation profile을 분석하였다. 각각의 유전자에서 메칠화된 정도를 두 그룹에서 비교하였고, 정상 대조군으로 두 명의 젊고 건강한 기흉 환자에서 수술한 폐 조직에 대하여 methylation profile을 분석하였다. 결과: 21개의 대상 유전자 중 10개의 유전자에서 폐암조직, 폐암 주변 정상 조직, 대조군에서 모두 공통적으로 과메칠화 되었고, 나머지 11개의 유전자 중 APC, AR, RAR-b, HTR1B, EPHA3, CFTR의 6개의 유전자에서 대조군에서 메칠화가 없으며, 폐암조직에서 폐암 주변 정상 조직에 비하여 더 빈번하게 과메칠화 되었다. 결론: HTR1B, EPHA3, CFTR은 비소세포 폐암에서 후생적 변화로 발생하는 새로운 종양억제 유전자의 후보유전자로서의 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각한다. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;65:495-503) Background: Epigenetic alterations in certain genes are now known as at least important as genetic mutation in pathogenesis of cancer. Especially abnormal hypermethylation in or near promoter region of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are known to result in gene silencing and loss of gene function eventually. The authors tried to search for new lung cancer-specific TSGs which have CpG islands and HpaII sites, and are thought to be involved in carcinogenesis by epigenetic mechanism. Methods: Tumor tissue and corresponding adjacent normal tissue were obtained from 10 patients who diagnosed with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and underwent surgery in Konyang university hospital in 2005. Methylation profiles of promoter region of 21 genes in tumor tissue & non-tumor tissue were examined with HpaII-MspI methylation microarray (Methyl-Scan DNA chip(R), Genomic tree, Inc, South Korea). The rates of hypermethylation were compared in tumor and non-tumor group, and as a normal control, we obtained lung tissue from two young patients with pneumothorax during bullectomies, methylation profiles were examined in the same way. Results: Among the 21 genes, 10 genes were commonly methylated in tumor, non-tumor, and control group. The 6 genes of APC, AR, RAR-b, HTR1B, EPHA3, and CFTR, among the rest of 11 genes were not methyl-lated in control, and more frequently hypermethylated in tumor tissue than non-tumor tissue. Conclusion: In the present study, HTR1B, EPHA3, and CFTR are suggested as possible novel TSGs of NSCLC by epigenetic mechanism.

Reproductive Fertility of Cloned Male Cats Derived from Adult Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Choi, Eu-Gene,Yin, Xi-Jun,Lee, Hyo-Sang,Kim, Lyoung-Ho,Shin, Hyoung-Doo,Kim, Nam-Hyung,Kong, Il-Keun Mary Ann Liebert 2007 Cloning & stem cells Vol.9 No.2

Explaining the LEED Concentration: Effects of Public Policy

( Eu Gene Choi ) 한국행정학회 2010 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.-

The United States has experienced a rapid growth of the number of cumulative green buildings since 2000. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing the concentration of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified buildings in the United States. Employing a panel model that accounts for unobserved year and state heterogeneity we hypothesize effects of green building standards at the state level and effects of financial incentives supported by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 on the concentration of LEED certified buildings. In the model, we control for other literature driven factors such as real estate market condition, the party of state governors and local demand that may have effects on the LEED concentration. To measure the LEED concentration we use the Location Quotient function which let us know which states have a greater share of LEED certified buildings compared to a reference which is the top 20 US states which have more cumulative LEED certified buildings.

광고, 이미지, 포스트 모더니즘에 관한 연구

최유진(Choi, Eu Gene) 한국디자인지식학회 2007 디자인지식저널 Vol.4 No.-

20세기에 접어들면서 상품의 생산과 유통ㆍ판매의 방향이 전국적 규모로 변모함에 따라 기업은 전국적으로 확장된 시장과 계급 모두를 장악 않으면 대량생산체제를 유지할 수 없는 상황에 처하게 된다. 당시 미국은 부의 편중화와 인플레이션으로 인해 소수의 상위 계층이 소비 액수의 다수를 차지하고 있었기 때문에 기업들은 새로운 소비창출을 원했다. 그래서 기업은 자신들의 노동자들이 생산력으로써 뿐만 아니라 상품의 지속적인 소비자로써의 역할을 맡아줄 주체가 되어주길 원하게 된다. 이것을 위해서 기업들은 우선 임금을 인상시켰고 노동시간을 단축시켰다. 그리고 대중의 특성을 파악하는 것을 넘어서 이들의 소비성향을 어떻게 대량생산방식에 맞게 변화시키는 것에 주안점을 두게 된다. 여기서 광고의 중요성이 증대된다. 광고는 끊임없는 반복을 통해 소비자들의 심리를 일정방향으로 이끌 수 있을 것으로 판단됐기 때문이다. 기업들은 광고를 통해 소비자들이 현재의 상황에 불만족을 느끼도록 끊임없이 새로운 욕망을 만들어냈고, 절약의 개념 대신에 소비를 사회적 미덕으로 부각시키는 등의 이데올로기적인 방식으로 소비를 촉진시키고 있다. 기업이 광고를 통해 대중의 욕구와 좌절을 자신의 삶의 질과 내용보다는 상품소비라는 측면에 위치시키는 방식으로 후기 자본주의의 소비주체를 창조하는데 힘을 쏟기 시작한 것이다. 이러한 기존의 주장들을 포스트모더니즘의 시각에서 광고의 기법과 사례들을 고찰해 보았다. It approaches in 20 century and the direction of production of the goods and circulation sale transfigures on the enterprise market and the rank which are expanded with national all grasp it will not be and was placed in the situation it will not be able to maintain a mass production setup. United States was caused by with bringing up for discussion preponderance anger and inflation and the major class of decimal majority of consuming. So the enterprise slept with became the subject to keep a role and week route it was wanted all. This from hazard the enterprises increased a preferential wages and they shortened a hour of labor. And the fact that it will grasp the quality of masses in changing to a mass and these consuming propensity how keynote it let. About the importance of advertisement are increased. In order for the enterprises advertisement lead consumers to feel an unsatisfactoriness promote a new desire. Assertion of existing which is like this to investigate technique and instance of advertisement it will listen from time of the post modernism which it will listen it tried

환경정책으로서의 브라운필드 개발 보조금

최유진 ( Eu Gene Choi ) 한국환경정책평가연구원 2010 환경정책연구 Vol.9 No.4

오하이주에 위치한 클리블랜드 시(city of Cleveland)는 과거 자동차 공업을 중심으로 한 공업 중심 도시에서 생명공학 중심 도시로의 변화를 꾀하고 있다. 따라서 과거 공업부지(브라운필드)의 재사용 및 재개발이 클리블랜드 시의 환경정책에 큰 비중을 차지하게 되었다. 클리블랜드 시를 포함하고 있는 쿠야호가 카운티(Cuyahoga County)는 브라운 필드 재개발에 민간 영역의 투자를 유도하고자 보조금을 지급해 왔다. 카운티 정부의 브라운 필드 재개발 보조금(Brownfield Redevelopment Fund)은 지난 2십년간 많은 민간 부분의 투자를 유도하는 데 성공하였다. 본 연구는 브라운필드 보조금의 효과를 측정하고자 외부효과를 측정하는 전통적인 방법인 헤도닉 모형(Hedonic Model)을 이용하여 쿠야호가 카운티의 브라운필드 보조금이 주변 주택 판매가격 상승에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. Many former industrial cities such as Cleveland, Ohio are trying to transform their identities from blue-collar manufacturing centers to white-collar professional hubs. As a result, the re-use of land previously occupied by industrial firms has been on the rise as an important sustainable land-use strategy in the United States. Ohio`s Cuyahoga County offers a Brownfield Redevelopment Fund to overcome the environmental barriers inherent in re-use in order to obtain full use of underutilized properties in the county. This study estimates externality effects of brownfield redevelopment projects (BRPs) on nearby housing sales prices in Cuyahoga County. Typical hedonic regression models that employ “difference-indifference” techniques are used to compare proximal housing sale prices before and after the completion of BRPs.

도시어메니티의 지역경제 활성화 효과 분석

최유진(Choi Eu gene) 한국지방정부학회 2017 지방정부연구 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this study is to reveal economic impact of urban amenities including cultural amenities, environmental amenities and socio-economic amenities on local economic development in Korean municipalities. Utilizing spatial regression models, this study uses a ratio of national pension, population growth rate and employment as three dependent variables. In addition, this study integrates those three variables into one variable called EDI(economic development index) utilizing principal component analysis to measure general economic condition in local municipalities. Results of the study show that cultural amenities and socio-economic amenities have the impact on local economic development while environmental amenities have no impact. 본 연구의 목적은 도시어메니티의 구성요소인 문화어메니티와 환경어메니티, 사회경제어메니티의 지역경제 활성화 효과를 공간회귀모형을 활용하여 실증적으로 분석하는 것이다. 지역경제 활성화를 대리하는 변수로는 시군구별 국민연금 징수 비율과 인구증가율 및 종사자 수 등을 선정하였는데 이상의 세 변수를 주성분 분석(principal component analysis)을 활용하여 통합한 지역경제 활성화 지표(EDI: economic development index) 역시 종속변수의 하나로 선정하여 결과를 도출하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 국가지정문화재와 지방지정문화재는 일부 모형에서 지역경제 활성화 효과가 확인되었으며, 문화기반시설 역시 일부 모형에서 그 효과가 확인되었다. 환경어메니티의 경우에는 공원 면적과 개발제한구역의 면적 모두 긍정 혹은 부정적 효과가 발견되지 않았다. 하지만 천연기념물 서식지는 지역경제에 부정적으로 작용하고 있었다. 마지막으로 다양성을 측정하는 사회경제어메니티는 지역경제 활성화에 영향을 주는 결정요인으로 확인되었다.