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Changes in Physiological Profile of Indian Women Boxers During a Six Week Training Camp
( Pinaki Chatterjee ),( A. K. Banerjee ),( P. Majumdar ),( Pratima Chatterjee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2006 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.18 No.2
Women`s boxing is a newly recognized game. The purpose of the present study was to frame out the physiological profile of Indian women boxers. The present study is based on a sample of 45 female boxers attending a Senior National Women`s Boxing Camp, at sports Authority of India, Southern Center, Bangalore. Each subject was evaluated for selected physiological variables at the beginning and end of the 6 week training camp. Standard techniques and procedures were followed for all the evaluations. Data were subjected to statistical treatment such as mean and standard deviation. Test of significance t-test (for paired samples) was applied to assess the difference in pre- and post-test. Results reveal that mean (± Standard Deviation) Basal heart rate, VO2max, O2 debt and maximum ventilation of the boxers, as found in the pre-test were 70 ± 7 beats/min, 48.6 ± 6.8 ml/kg/min, 4.33 ± 0.73 liter, 93.8 ± 11.1liter/min respectively. Training camp had the positive effect of improving VO2max (P<0.01). No significant change was observed in O2 debt, and maximum heart rate. A norm of desired level for physiological status of the women boxers may be formulated after sufficient data of their international counterparts are available. However, further improvement of certain parameters is required to withstand the physiological demands of the game.
Oxygen Consumption, Heart Rate and Blood Lactate Response during Sparring on Indian Women Boxers
( Pinaki Chatterjee ),( A. K. Banerjee ),( P. Majumdar ),( Pratima Chatterjee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2005 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.17 No.2
Women boxing is a newly recognized game and till date no work has been reported on physiological demand of the sport. Hence, the present study was carried out as a pioneer attempt to assess the physiological demand of the game. The study was conducted on 20 female boxers (aged 17 ~ 24 years) attending the Senior National Women Boxing Camp. Heart rate and oxygen consumption was measured first in the laboratory during a graded treadmill exercise with a continuous gas analysis by Oxycon Champion. During sparring heart rate was continuously recorded using heart rate monitor. To calculate the oxygen consumption, HR-VO2 regression equation was used. For estimating whole blood lactate capillary blood samples were drawn from a fingertip between 2 min (minute) and 3 min after the cessation of the activity. The samples were analyzed in a calibrated automatic lactate analyzer for estimating whole blood lactate. Data were subjected to statistical treatment like mean and standard deviation. One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test was used to assess the difference in between the rounds. Results revealed that average heart-rate response and oxygen consumption considering the total duration of boxing sparring were 179 ± 8 beats/min and 2.53 ± 0.32 l/min (43.97 ± 6.93 ml/kg/min) respectively. Lactate level at the end of the final round reached at a value of 10.1 ± 2.1 mmol/l. In oxygen consumption and heart rate response there was significant difference (p<.05) in between round 1 and 2 and round 1 and 3, but no significant difference was observed in between round 2 and 3. It was concluded that Women boxing was highly intensive activity involving the contribution of anaerobic and aerobic sources of energy release, high demand of glycolytic anaerobic metabolism.
( Pinaki Chatterjee ),( A. K. Banerjee ),( P. Majumdar ),( Pratima Chatterjee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2006 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.18 No.1
Indian scientists have not yet used the 20-m multi stage shuttle run test (20-m MST) and validity of the test has not been studied for use with any of the Indian population. The purpose of the study was to validate the applicability of the 20-m multi stage shuttle run test (20-m MST) in junior Taekwondo players of India. Thirty-three Junior Taekwondo players (age range 15 ~ 17 yr.) were recruited for the study. For validity of the results, repeatability was used. Direct measurement of VO2 max comprised treadmill exercise with continuous gas analysis by Oxycon Champion, whereas VO2 max was indirectly predicted by 20-m MST. The difference between the mean VO2 max (± SD) values of direct measurement (VO2 max = 44.82 ± 7.78 ml/kg/min) and the 20-m multi stage shuttle run test (SPVO2 max = 44.49 ± 7.59 ml/kg/min) was statistically significant (p<0.05), although limits of agreement analysis reveal that 20-m MST may be used confidently in place of direct measurement. To produce a better estimation of maximum oxygen uptake, a new equation has been developed based on present data.
Secretory Proteins from Goat Oocytes Matured in Culture
Malakar, Dhruba,Majumdar, A.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.3
In this experiment, oocytes were collected from goat ovaries available in slaughterhouse by follicle puncture method. Morphologically culturable type of oocytes which having compact, multilayered cumulus granulosa cell complex and evenly granulated cytoplasm, was separated under a stereozoom microscope. Oocytes were washed thoroughly in maturation medium containing TCM-199, $1{\mu}g/ml$ estradiol-$17{\beta}$, 0.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ FSH, $100{\mu}g/ml$ LH, 3 mg/ml BSA and 10% estrus goat serum. Washed oocytes were cultured into maturation medium on granulosa cell monolayer. Culture plate was then kept into $CO_2$ incubator at $38{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, maximum humidity and 5% $CO_2$ for 18 h. After maturation the oocytes were washed thoroughly with maturation medium containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) without serum and BSA and further cultured for 12 h for secretory proteins of oocytes. PVA medium was collected, pooled and concentrated by 5000 cut off centrisart. Secretory proteins were separated on 12.5% SDS-PAGE. A total number of 3.41 oocytes per ovary were obtained and 2.17 culturable oocytes per ovary were cultured into maturation medium. After 18 h of maturation, 4,567 oocytes (1.82 oocytes per ovary) were further cultured into serum and BSA free PVA medium for its secretory proteins. Four secretory proteins of oocytes with approximately molecular weight of 45, 55, 65 and 95 kDa were obtained on SDS-PAGE in silver staining and three proteins with approximately molecular weight of 45, 55 and 65 kDa in Coomassie brilliant blue staining. In conclusion, four secretory proteins with approximately molecular weight of 45, 55, 65 and 95 kDa was obtained from in vitro cultured oocytes of goats.
Sharma, G.T.,Majumdar, A.C.,Gupta, L.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.7
Circulating lymphocytes collected from control and heat-stressed buffaloes were subjected to in vitro culture with glucocorticoids, epinephrine or serotonin and their effect, if any, on the release of intracellular prolactin (PRL) was studied using ELISA and C-ELISA techniques. It was noted from the study that PRL level was higher in lymphocytes than in plasma of the control and heat-stressed animals, and that the PRL levels increased in the plasma of heat-stressed animals compared to that of non stressed animals with a significant decrease in lymphocytic PRL content by heat stress. Epinephrine and serotonin significantly increased the release of intracellular PRL from the lymphocytes of both in the control and the heat-stressed buffaloes but release of PRL from lymphocyte was not significantly changed by cortisol treatment in both control and heat-stressed buffaloes as compared to epinephrine and serotonin in vitro. When lympocytes were incubated with serotonin, it caused drastic lysis of the lymphocytes but epinephirine and cortisol did not show any lysis. It may be concluded from this study that hormones like epinephrine or serotonin known to increase during stress, release intracellular PRL from lymphocytes, the satellite PRL storage/synthesizing organ of blood, although the mechanism of the release is different.