Development of Penetration Method of Red Ginseng Extract into Egg by Removal of Cuticle Layer

차승현 충북대학교 2017 국내석사

As the interest in health has increased, studies on health functional foods have been actively conducted domestically and internationally. Especially, there is a growing interest in research for improving the value added by promoting the palatability and functional effects of eggs with high nutritional value. So far, the techniques of egg penetration have been as a method of indirect penetration, which changes the feed composition of the laying hens and produces eggs by ingestion. These methods have a problem in that a large quantity of the amount of the feed additive ingredient required for egg production through laying eggs is consumed and the time is long. On the other hand, the direct penetration method can quickly infiltrate the target component into the egg, thereby solving the difficulties of the indirect penetration method. However, since the direct penetration method that has been studied so far is mainly a way of penetration of functional ingredients with low molecular weight, it is necessary to do research on direct penetration methods for penetration of functional ingredients with high molecular weight such as saponin. The reason why an ingredient with high molecular weight cannot infiltrate directly into the egg is that the cuticle layer, which is the outermost protective layer, exists on the egg shell surface to block pores. Therefore, this research identified penetration efficiency according to concentration and soaking time of red ginseng extract and the penetration efficiency of red ginseng extracts, especially saponin through removing the cuticle layer by soaking it in red ginseng extract, and analyzed the quality of eggs penetration with red ginseng extract after removing the cuticle layer present the egg shell with acid. This research attempted to confirm the possibility of red ginseng extract penetration into the eggs through the removal of the cuticle layer, and to develop a new penetration method into egg. In the NAT case, green fluorescence on egg shell appeared well, because the cuticle layer was distributed on the egg shell surface and stained with FITC. After 1 and 2 hours of acid treatment(1HAT and 2HAT), the green fluorescence distribution and fluorescence intensity decreased, because the cuticle layer was gradually removed by acid. therefore, it is confirmed that the cuticle layer on egg shell surface was removed by acid treatment. the penetration of saponin into the egg was increased for longer acid treatment times, higher concentrations of red ginseng extract, and longer soaking times. in the quality evaluation, the pH of the egg white tended to decrease for longer acid treatment times, higher red ginseng extract concentrations, and longer soaking time. And the chromaticity of the egg white tended to decrease L value and to increase b value for longer acid treatment times, higher concentrations of red ginseng extract, and longer soaking time. Consequentially, the red ginseng extract penetrated further into the egg with a removed cuticle layer than an egg with an intact cuticle layer. Therefore, this research suggests removing the cuticle layer on the surface of an egg is a useful method to improve the penetration efficiency of functional compounds into the egg.

Assessment of compacted soil characteristics using nondestructive and penetration methods

우원택 Graduate School, Korea University 2013 국내석사

The Plate Load Test (PLT) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test have been used to control the compaction quality in the field. Both tests are the methods to assess the strength and stiffness of the compacted soils based on various engineering properties of soils. Although these tests have been considered as suitable methods through the field application, they still have a lot of limits in temporal, spatial, cost, and empirical issues. Therefore, the nondestructive and penetration tests including the Soil Stiffness Gauge (SSG) and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) have been studied in various countries as alternative compaction control methods. In this study, SP, SW-SM, and SM soils under USCS (Unified Soil Classification System) were used for the laboratory model test. A testing box with 750 mm in width, 750 mm in length, and 1000 mm in height was made to compose sample soils, and new compaction control methods including the SSG and DCP and existing methods including the PLT, CBR, and Sand Cone Method were conducted. Moreover, several field tests were also carried out to assess the field application of the SSG and DCP. In order to assess the applicability of new compaction control methods, the comparison analysis between the methods were carried out. Based on the test results, the SSG can be used instead of the PLT as a compaction quality control method, and ESSG have 1.8 times bigger value than EPLT. To replace the CBR test, it is considered that the DCP test gives reliable results to estimate the CBR value. Furthermore, this thesis focuses on the estimation of physical and mechanical properties of compacted soils using the SSG and DCP test. From the complementary use of the SSG and DCP test, the dry density and void ratio of soils can be estimated. And it is found that the DPI representing the soil strength is highly related with the friction angle of soils.

기계적 삭제방법을 이용한 치면열구전색제의 열구 침투도 및 미세누출

김지연 연세대학교 대학원 2000 국내석사

교합면 치아우식 예방을 위한 치면열구전색제 도포시 열구내 유기물, 치태, 법랑질 잔사 등을 제거하여 전색제의 유지율을 증가시키고자 기계적 삭제 방법이 소개되었다. 기계적 삭제방법을 사용할 경우 산부식 방법만을 사용하였을 때와 비교하여 치면열구전색제의 열구 침투도 및 미세누출정도의 차이는 임상적인 측면에서 중요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 기계적 삭제 방법 (소와열구 삭제 후 산부식)과 산부식 방법을 시행한 후, 각각 unfilled sealant와 filled sealant를 처치하고 이들 치면열구전색제의 열구 침투도와 미세누출 정도를 측정하였다. 교정치료를 목적으로 발거된 사람의 소구치 60개를 실험재료로 사용하였으며 그중 30개는 산부식 처리하고 나머지 30개는 소와열구의 기계적 삭제와 산부식 처리를 시행한 후 각각의 방법에서 15개는 unfilled sealant로 나머지 15개는 filled sealant로 수복하였다. Thermocycling (5℃와 55℃ 1200회)을 시행하고 5% methylene blue 용액에 24시간 보관하였다가 각각의 치아를 근심소와와 원심소와에서 협설 방향으로 절단하여 120개의 절단면을 얻었다. 각 절단면을 Measurescope으로 관찰한 결과, 기계적 삭제 방법은 산부식만을 시행한 경우에 비하여 unfilled sealant와 filled sealant 모두 열구 침투도를 증가시켰다 (P < 0.05). 기계적 삭제 방법을 사용한 경우 산부식 방법만을 사용하고 unfilled sealant로 수복한 경우에 비하여 미세누출이 적었지만 (P < 0.05), 산부식 방법만을 사용하고 filled sealant로 수복한 경우와는 미세누출에 차이가 없었다. Unfilled sealant와 filled sealant는 기계적 삭제 방법을 사용한 경우와 산부식 방법만을 사용한 경우 모두 열구 침투도나 미세누출에 있어서 유의 차가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 치면열구전색제 도포 시 열구 침투도가 우수하고 미세누출이 적은 기계적 삭제 방법과 물리적 성질이 우수한 fillde sealant의 사용이 바람직하지만 미세누출에 있어 교합력을 고려한 실험이나 장기간의 임상실험이 필요한 것으로 생각된다. Mechanical preparation method has been introduced to provide the sealant retention. The objective of this study was to compare the fissure penetration and the microleakage of pit and fissure sealant using mechanical preparation method (mechanical preparation + acid etching) and acid etching only. An additional objective of this study was to compare the fissure penetration and the microleakage of unfilled and filled sealant in both methods. Sixty human premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were selected. Thirty teeth were acid etched alone and remaining thirty teeth were prepared with a 1/4 round bur and then acid etched. One-half of each method's teeth were sealed with unfilled sealant and the other half were sealed with filled sealant. All the teeth were thermocycled for 1200 cycles at 5℃ and 55℃ and immersed in 5% methylene blue for 24 hours. Each tooth was sectioned bucco-lingually at mesial pit and distal pit and examined under a Measurescope. In the case of mechanical preparation method, fissure penetration of sealant was significantly increased compared with the case of acid etching only (P < 0.05). The filled and unfilled sealant using mechanical preparation method showed significantly decreased microleakage when compared with the unfilled sealant using acid etching only (P < 0.05). No differences were found in fissure penetration and microleakage between unfilled and filled sealant in both methods. Taken all together, the results of this study suggest that mechanical preparation method and filled sealant are recommended when placing pit and fissure sealant. Regarding microleakage, we need further clinical studies.

(A) Study on the design of secure multi function printer conforming to the Korea evaluation and certification scheme

이광우 성균관대학교 일반대학원 2011 국내박사

MFP (Multi-Function Printer) is an embedded system that serves several functions including printing, copying, scanning, faxing, document storing, and etc. Recently, MFP is becoming a popular option for office workers due to its multi--functionality and economic efficiency. Furthermore, MFP is able to perform several functions such as USB printing, private job printing, stored job printing, and scan-to-server. Due to the rapid growth of MFP market and variety of MFP function, it is widely used in many workspaces. To protect the sensitive data, MFP adopts the security functionality such as user authentication, image overwrite, security management, security audit logs, data flow management, and data encryption. In this reason, Common Criteria certification program is widely used to evaluate and assure the security of MFP. However, the background and know-how on the MFP are not enough to evaluate and to eliminate the vulnerabilities. Therefore, developers and evaluators of MFP have difficulty in development and evaluation process. Currently, most of government organizations, agencies, and large companies have adopted MFP with hard drives. Moreover, it is connected with network. Therefore, security features of MFP are important to preserve their critical and sensitive data. According to our research, however, present MFPs still have various security holes and vulnerabilities. Moreover, we can extract the critical information and data from MFP's storage devices. In this dissertation, we propose secure MFP system architecture and components that meet the Korea Evaluation and Certification Scheme (KECS). We first review system architecture, components, functions, and related works of the MFP. Next, we analyze the vulnerabilities of MFP in accordance with the penetration testing methods. According to the results of security analysis, we provide the assets, threats, and security requirements for the MFP. Finally, we propose a secure MFP system and provide an implementation and its security analysis. Our contribution are fourfold: (1) we present background information necessary to understand the MFP. The system architecture, operational environments, assets, threats, security objectives, and security requirements are included. (2) we present the penetration testing method to reduce the vulnerabilities of MFP and improve the security. (3) we propose the secure MFP system architecture and components that meet the KECS. (4) we implement the security module and cryptographic module for secure MFP that meet the KECS. The proposed security module awarded nine common criteria certification for their security. 디지털 복합기(MFP, Multi-Function Printer)는 프린터, 복사기, 스캐너, 팩스, 문서 저장함 등 다양한 기능을 포함하고 있는 임베디드 시스템으로 최근 널리 보급되고 있다. 디지털 복합기가 다양한 기능을 제공함에 따라, 기존 PC를 통해 수행되던 작업들이 디지털 복합기를 통해 독립적으로 수행되는 경우가 증가하였다. 즉, 기존 프린터가 PC를 통해서만 문서를 출력할 수 있었다면, 현재 출시되는 디지털 복합기에서는 이동식 저장장치 인쇄, 저장 문서 출력, 스캔 후 이메일 또는 네트워크 서버 전송, 인터넷 접속 등 독립적으로 수행할 수 있는 기능들이 증가하고 있다. 디지털 복합기의 기능이 다양해지면서, 디지털 복합기에서 저장되거나 처리되는 정보에 대한 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 이에 따라, 최근 출시되는 디지털 복합기는 디지털 복합기에서 처리되는 중요 정보를 보호하기 위해 사용자 사용자 식별 및 인증, 완전 삭제, 보안 관리, 보안 감사, 보안 기능, 데이터 흐름 통제, 데이터 암호화 등의 보안 기능을 탑재하고 있다. 따라서, 디지털 복합기에 포함된 보안 기능은 IT 보안 제품을 평가하는 기준인 CC (Common Criteria) 평가 인증을 통해 제품의 안전성을 평가 및 보증할 수 있다. 하지만, 디지털 복합기를 평가하기 위한 배경지식과 평가 노하우가 충분하지 않아, 평가 과정에서 개발자 및 평가자들이 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 최근 대부분의 정부 조직, 공공 기관 및 대기업에서 도입하고 있는 디지털 복합기는 저장장치로 하드디스크를 탑재하고 있으며, 네트워크에 연결되어 있다. 따라서, 디지털 복합기에 저장되어 있는 주요 기밀 정보를 보호하기 위한 보안 기능이 중요해지고 있다. 하지만, 현재 출시되어 있는 디지털 복합기는 여전히 다양한 보안 취약성에 노출되어 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 악의적인 공격자는 디지털 복합기의 저장장치에 저장되어 있는 주요 기밀 정보를 추출할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내 정보보호 제품 평가 및 인증 제도의 요구사항을 만족하는 보안 디지털 복합기 구조 및 기능을 설계 및 구현하고, 해당 제품의 안전성을 정보보호제품 평가 인증을 통해 검증받고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 복합기의 시스템 구조, 보안 기능 및 관련 연구를 살펴보고, 기존 디저털 복합기에 대한 취약성 시험을 통해 디지털 복합기의 안전성을 분석한다. 또한 안전성 분석 결과를 통해, 디지털 복합기에 요구되는 보안 요구사항을 도출하고, 이를 만족하는 디지털 복합기 보안 기능을 설계 및 구현한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방식은 정보보호제품 평가인증 제도를 통해 디지털 복합기의 안전성을 검증받았다.

Selective Metallic Ion Separation of Self-assembled Graphene Oxide-Polymer Composite Membrane

쑨커 성균관대학교 일반대학원 2015 국내석사

Graphene Oxide (GO) flakes were fabricated via a modified Hummer’s method. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was applied to metal adsorption. PAN was chemically modified with amidoxime groups, which are suitable for metal adsorption due to their high adsorption affinity for heavy metal ions. Layer-by-layer self-assembly method is used to fabricate GO-Polymer composite membrane. The selective metallic penetration of organic solvents and water in large contact area, high pressure standing, and hermetically (liquid tight) sealed graphene oxide (GO) membranes and GO-polymer composite membranes are demonstrated. The water purification properties of GO-polymer composite membranes are discussed. Interestingly, composite membrane forms a better property of absorption to copper and lead ions and obstruction to sodium ion. Furthermore, the penetration results revealed that sodium salts can be separated effectively from copper and lead salts contaminants. The mechanism of the selective ion-penetration properties of the composite membrane is discussed. Finally, the presented results demonstrate the potential applications of GO-Polymer in area such as barrier separation and water purification.

Finite Element Method Based Modeling of Alloy 718 Melt Pools Processed by Powder Bed Fusion

김재웅 부산대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

The melt pool geometries for Alloy 718 powder by process conditions of powder bed fusion (PBF) were predicted using thermal finite element method (FEM). The experiment data for the melt pool width and depth was first measured from single track of Alloy 718 processed by PBF. These results were used to calibrate the penetration depth and absorptivity of laser heat source model as a function of PBF process conditions. Melt pool width and depth were predicted based on calibrated penetration depth and absorptivity, and results of melt pool size were compared with experimental results. Physical suitability and tendency of calibrated values by energy densities were evaluated also.

Selective metallic ion separation of self-assembled graphene oxide-polymer composite membrane

Sun, Ke Sungkyunkwan University 2015 국내석사

보수된 콘크리트 구조물에서의 염화물 침투 예측에 관한 연구

장범식 연세대학교 공학대학원 2008 국내석사

Chloride-induced corrosion of steel inside concrete structure is a major problem to the durability and the safety of RC structures. As a repair method to this deterioration of RC structures, a patching concrete up the concrete cover depth can be an alternative to techniques for extending the service life of structures. For this patching technique to be effective, the evaluation of patching concrete against subsequent chloride attack must be accompanied. This study includes chloride transport through the patching concrete and an original old concrete, taking into account re-distribution of chloride ingresses in the interface between old and patch concretes by utilizing the finite difference method, thereby numerically predicting the ingresses of chloride and thus the remaining life of concrete structures.To determine the influence of the interface at the patching on the rate of chloride transport, rapid chloride penetration was examined under an eletric field in this study, and as a result it was found that chloride ingresses was re-distributed throughout the interface. 염해환경의 콘크리트 구조물은 염화물의 침투로 인해 철근 부식이 발생하여 구조물의 내구성 및 안전성에 치명적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 대해 염해에 의해 열화된 콘크리트 일부를 제거하고 건전한 콘크리트 또는 모르타르로 보수하여 사용수명을 연장할 수 있다. 또한 보수된 콘크리트 구조물의 염화물 침투에 대한 보수 후의 성능을 평가하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 보수된 콘크리트 구조물에 대해 외부로부터의 염화물 침투뿐만 아니라 기존 콘크리트에 잔류해 있던 염화물의 재분배와 기존 콘크리트와 새로운 보수재료 간에 발생하는 경계면의 영향을 고려하여 염화물 이동 예측을 통한 정량적 수명평가를 수행하였다. 유한차분법을 사용하여 보수된 콘크리트에서의 염화물 이동을 예측하기 위한 모델을 제안하고, 예측된 염화물 분포를 통해 보수된 콘크리트 구조물의 잔존수명을 예측하였다.또한 본 논문에서는 염화물의 외부침투에 대한 경계면의 영향을 관찰하기 위해 전기장을 이용한 염화물 침투 가속화 시험을 수행하였고, 염화물을 함유한 콘크리트와 새로운 콘크리트의 접합으로 잔류해 있던 염화물의 재분배되는 것을 보였다.

Novel analytical methods for bioaerosols and their control by functional filters coated by antimicrobial chemicals

김성연 서울대학교 보건대학원 2011 국내박사

Transient stability analysis of future grid scenarios with high penetration of RES

오승찬 Graduate School, Korea University 2018 국내박사

Attempts to replace existing fossil fuels as a renewable energy source(RES) are increasing to cope with the environmental and fossil energy depletion. In accordance with this trend, in the field of electric energy, there is also an attempt to replace the conventional power source that uses fossil fuel with RES. Until now, the ratio of RES generation to the total amount of electricity generation is a very small level. However, based on the expansion policy of renewable energy, the proportion of RES in the future power system will be of such a magnitude that it cannot be ignored. The field that considers RES as soon as possible based on the tendency of change in the power system is the long-term power system planning. In the long-term power system planning, it is necessary to make a plan for power system facilities for stable operation of the power grid in consideration of situations where large-scale RES. For that purpose, it is necessary to construct the scenario of the long-term power system reflecting the large-scale RES installation, and analyze the impact of the system on this scenario. The influence of RES penetration on power system stability should be analyzed from various aspects. The most challengeable problem to consider among various stability problems is the problem of transient stability. Conventional generators and RES have many differences from the viewpoint of dynamic stability. The biggest factor among them is the inertia of the generator and the distribution of the capacity. In the case of RES, it is mainly composed of power electronics equipment, and its inertia is relatively very small compared with the conventional power supply. Also, instead of one generator with large capacity, many generators with small capacity will be distributed in a wide area. It is difficult to clearly analyze the influence of these two characteristics on the transient stability. The most common measure for evaluating excessive stability levels is CCT (Critical Clearing Time). As a method of calculating this, there are methods to find a CCT. One of the methods is a full-time domain simulation and other one is a Direct method that solves system differential equation. In the case of these two methods, there is a problem that requests a large number of simulations and a solution of the differential equation. In the hybrid method which compromises these two methods, the whole system is composed of one equivalent generator based on the system simulation, and acceleration / deceleration energy is calculated based on this. It is easier to calculate the CCT of the line than when using hybrid method. This dissertation proposes the process of constructing scenarios for RES penetration in the future grid. Then, represent an algorithm to analyze the transient effects of the system in the constructed RES penetration expansion scenario. The simulation was conducted on the Korean electric power system in 2030 applying the RES penetration scenario. Analyze the effect of the RES penetration with simulation results. 환경 및 화석에너지의 고갈에 대응하기 위하여 기존의 화석연료를 신재생 에너지원으로 교체하려는 시도가 증가하고 있다. 이와 같은 추세에 발맞추어 전기에너지 분야에서도 화석연료를 사용하는 기존 전원을 신재생 전원으로 교체하려고 하고 있다. 다만, 지금까지는 전력계통의 전체 발전량에 비하여 신재생 전원의 발전량 비중은 매우 작은 수준이다. 그러나 신재생 전원의 확대 정책에 따라 향후 전력계통에서 신재생 전원이 차지하는 비중은 무시할 수 없을 만한 규모가 될 것이다. 이와 같은 전력계통의 변화 추세에서 가장 시급하게 신재생 전원을 고려해야 하는 분야는 장기 전력계통 계획이다. 장기 전력계통 계획에서는 미래 전력계통에 대규모 신재생 전원이 연계되는 상황을 고려하여 안정적인 전력계통 운영을 위한 계통계획을 수립하여야 한다. 이를 위해서는 대규모 신재생 전원 투입을 반영한 장기전력계통 시나리오를 구성하고, 이에 따른 계통 영향 검토가 필요하다. 신재생 전원의 투입이 전력계통 안정도에 미치는 영향은 다양한 방면에서 분석되어야 한다. 다양한 안정도 문제 중 가장 검토가 어려운 문제는 과도안정도 문제이다. 기존의 발전기와 신재생 전원은 동적 안정도 관점에서 많은 차이가 있다. 그 중 가장 큰 요인은 설비의 관성과 분산여부이다. 신재생 전원의 경우 주로 전력전자 설비들로 구성되어 있으며, 기존 전원에 비해 상대적으로 관성이 작거나 없다. 또한 한 개의 대규모 용량을 가진 하나의 발전기가 아닌, 소규모 용량을 가진 다수의 발전기가 넓은 지역에 분포하게 된다. 이 두 가지 특성이 계통의 과도안정도에 미치는 영향은 명확하게 분석하기는 어렵다. 특히 넓은 지역에 소규모로 분산되는 특성으로 인해 광역계통의 영향을 유추하는 것이 매우 어려워진다. 과도안정도 수준을 평가하는 가장 일반적인 척도는 CCT(Critical Clearing Time)이다. 이를 계산하는 방법으로는 직접적인 시모의를 통해 과도불안정이 발생하는 사고제거시간을 찾는 방법과 미분방정식을 직접 푸는 방법(Direct method)이 있다. 그러나 이 두 방법의 경우 다수의 시모의를 요구하거나 미분방정식의 해를 계산해야 한다는 문제가 있다. 이 두 방법을 절충한 hybrid method의 경우 계통 시모의를 기반으로 전체 계통을 하나의 등가 발전기로 구성하고, 이를 기반으로 가감속 에너지를 계산한다. 이를 활용할 경우 보다 쉽게 계통의 CCT를 계산할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 미래 전력계통의 신재생 확대 시나리오를 구성하는 방법에 대해 논한다. 구성된 신재생 확대 시나리오를 통해 계통의 과도 영향을 분석하는 방법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션은 신재생 확대 시나리오를 적용한 2030년 한국 전력계통에 대하여 수행하였다. 수행 결과를 통해 신재생 전원 확대가 과도안정도에 미치는 영향을 분석한다.