건축표피 재료의 시각특성 및 호감성에 대한 연구 : 신경미학과 진화미학적 이론 중심으로

공가요(Kung, Chia Yao),조택연(Cho, Taig Youn) 한국디자인리서치학회 2021 한국디자인리서치 Vol.6 No.4

건축 재료는 건축을 구상하는 중요한 부분 중 하나다. 그러나, 재료를 사용해도 건물의 아름다움을 다루어지는 것이 늘 쉽지 않고 도전적이다. 하지만, 요즘 건축 프로젝트에 대한 관찰을 통해 건축 재료의 사용에 관련적인 공통성이 있다는 것을 밝혔다. 따라서, 본 연구는 신경미학과 진화미학의 선행연구와 건축 재료를 탐구하기로 했으며, 새로운 관점과 개념으로 재료의 시각적 특성 및 이에 대한 선호를 집중하여 논의하였다. 건축 표피 재료가 가진 의미와 미적 가치의 정의로 시작하였는데 이에 대한 기존 연구를 통해 아직 검토하기 어려운 점을 발견했다. 그래서 과학적인 관점으로 인간의 뇌 시각 자극 처리 과정을 살펴본 후, 미적 인식의 생성을 논의하기 위해 신경 미학 연구를 도입했다. 복측과 배측경로에 관한 조사는 인간이 어떻게 미적 인식을 생성했는지에 대한 과정이 명확히 했으며, 인간은 시각적 자극을 통해 아름다움에 대한 식별이 될 수 있는 사실을 알게 되었다. 또는 미의 공통성과 어떤 시각 요소를 인간의 미의식을 불러일으킬 수 있는 것을 살펴보기 위해 진화미학적인 선행연구를 도입하여 이 근거로 인류의 선천적인 미학적 감각이 생존본능과 연관이 있다는 사실을 밝혔다. 이어, 시각적 특성에 대한 인간의 인식 결과와 재료의 시각적 특성에 대한 선호를 확보하기 위해 2 단계의 설문이 수행되었다. 결과에 따라, 인간이 특정한 시각적 요소에 대한 높은 호감성을 가지고 있다는 것을 명확히 할 수 있었다. 그 이유는 앞서 언급했던 신경미학과 진화미학과의 근본적인 연관성을 가질 수 있었기 때문에 미적 교육을 받지 않은 사람들도 기본적인 능력으로 아름다움을 감상할 수 있다고 확인하였다. Material is one of the critical parts to construct architecture. However, using materials to shape the aesthetics of the architecture has always been a challenging part for designers. Somehow, through recent projects it seems that there are some common relevance in the use of architectural materials. Therefore, of this research used neuroaesthetics and evolutionary theories to investigate architectural materials, started from defining the meaning of architectural exterior materials and their aesthetic value, discovered the shortcomings of current research on building materials, then analyzed the human brain s perception process of visual stimuli from the scientific perspective to confirm what visual characteristics can be perceived immediately. Next, introduced neuroaesthetics studies to discuss the generation of beauty cognition. The survey on the ventral and dorsal pathways clarified the process of how humans generated aesthetic cognition and human indeed be conscious of the perception of beauty through visual stimuli. To dig into the commonality of beauty and what visual component could arouse humans beauty consciousness, used the advanced research of evolutionary aesthetics. To confirm the results of humans perception of visual characteristics and their preference of visual properties of materials, two stages of investigation has been conducted. Through the results, it can be clarified that humans have a higher degree of favorability towards specific visual elements. Exploring the reasons can have a grounded association with neuroaesthetics and evolutionary aesthetics. At the same time, it is confirm that even those who have not received aesthetic education have a certain degree of ability to appreciate beauty.

mTORC2 activation protects retinal ganglion cells via Akt signaling after autophagy induction in traumatic optic nerve injury

Yao-Tseng Wen,Jia-Rong Zhang,Kishan Kapupara,Rong-Kung Tsai 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-

Traumatic optic neuropathy is an injury to the optic nerve that leads to vision loss. Autophagy is vital for cell survival and cell death in central nervous system injury, but the role of autophagy in traumatic optic nerve injury remains uncertain. Optic nerve crush is a robust model of traumatic optic nerve injury. p62 siRNA and rapamycin are autophagy inducers and have different neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. In this study, p62 and rapamycin induced autophagy, but only p62 siRNA treatment provided a favorable protective effect in visual function and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival. Moreover, the number of macrophages at the optic nerve lesion site was lower in the p62- siRNA-treated group than in the other groups. p62 siRNA induced more M2 macrophage polarization than rapamycin did. Rapamycin inhibited both mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation, whereas p62 siRNA inhibited only mTORC1 activation and maintained mTORC2 and Akt activation. Inhibition of mTORC2-induced Akt activation resulted in blood–optic nerve barrier disruption. Combined treatment with rapamycin and the mTORC2 activator SC79 improved RGC survival. Overall, our findings suggest that mTORC2 activation after autophagy induction is necessary for the neuroprotection of RGCs in traumatic optic nerve injury and may lead to new clinical applications.

Detonation transmission with an abrupt change in area

Hsu, Yao-Chung,Chao, Yei-Chin,Chung, Kung-Ming Techno-Press 2018 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.5 No.5

Detonation transmission between propane/oxygen (donor) and propane/air (acceptor) with an abrupt area change is experimentally studied. In the donor, there are two types of incident detonation waves: A self-sustained Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation wave and an overdriven detonation wave that is a result of the difference in the initial donor pressure ratios. The piston work is used to characterize the strength of the incident detonation wave. For an incident CJ detonation wave, the re-initiation of a detonation wave in the acceptor depends on the initial pressure in the donor and the expansion ratio. The axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric soot patterns respectively correspond to direct detonation and detonation re-initiation. For an incident overdriven detonation wave, the re-initiation of a detonation wave in the acceptor strongly depends on the degree of overdrive.

Information-Theoretic Approaches for Sensor Selection and Placement in Sensor Networks for Target Localization and Tracking

Wang Hanbiao,Yao Kung,Estrin Deborah The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2005 Journal of communications and networks Vol.7 No.4

In this paper, we describes the information-theoretic approaches to sensor selection and sensor placement in sensor net­works for target localization and tracking. We have developed a sensor selection heuristic to activate the most informative candidate sensor for collaborative target localization and tracking. The fusion of the observation by the selected sensor with the prior target location distribution yields nearly the greatest reduction of the entropy of the expected posterior target location distribution. Our sensor selection heuristic is computationally less complex and thus more suitable to sensor networks with moderate computing power than the mutual information sensor selection criteria. We have also developed a method to compute the posterior target location distribution with the minimum entropy that could be achieved by the fusion of observations of the sensor network with a given deployment geometry. We have found that the covariance matrix of the posterior target location distribution with the minimum entropy is consistent with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) of the target location estimate. Using the minimum entropy of the posterior target location distribution, we have characterized the effect of the sensor placement geometry on the localization accuracy.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor from ARPE19 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells in serumfree medium

Dah-Ching Ding,Yao-Tseng Wen,Rong-Kung Tsai 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-

Clinical expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is hampered by the lack of knowledge regarding how to prevent MSC apoptosis and promote their proliferation in serum-free medium. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that human umbilical cord MSCs (HUCMSCs) underwent apoptosis in the serum-free medium. When HUCMSCs were co-cultured with retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE19), however, HUCMSCs exhibited normal growth and morphology in serum-free medium. Their colony formation was promoted by the conditioned medium (CM) of ARPE19 cells on Matrigel. Proteomics analysis showed that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was one of the most abundant extracellular proteins in the ARPE19 CM, whereas enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that large amounts of PEDF was secreted from ARPE19 cells. Adding anti-PEDFblocking antibodies to the co-culture of HUCMSCs with ARPE19 cells increased apoptosis of HUCMSCs. Conversely, treatment with PEDF significantly reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation of HUCMSCs in serum-free medium. PEDF was further demonstrated to exert this anti-apoptotic effect by inhibiting P53 expression to suppress caspase activation. In vivo studies demonstrated that co-injection of HUCMSCs with ARPE19 cells in immunocompromised NOD-SCID mice also increased survival and decreased apoptosis of HUCMSCs. PEDF also showed no negative effect on the mesoderm differentiation capability of HUCMSCs. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that PEDF promotes HUCMSC proliferation and protects them from apoptosis by reducing p53 expression in the serum-free medium. This study provides crucial information for clinical-scale expansion of HUCMSCs.

Systolic Arrays for Lattice-Reduction-Aided MIMO Detection

Wang, Ni-Chun,Biglieri, Ezio,Yao, Kung The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.5

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology provides high data rate and enhanced quality of service for wireless communications. Since the benefits from MIMO result in a heavy computational load in detectors, the design of low-complexity suboptimum receivers is currently an active area of research. Lattice-reduction-aided detection (LRAD) has been shown to be an effective low-complexity method with near-maximum-likelihood performance. In this paper, we advocate the use of systolic array architectures for MIMO receivers, and in particular we exhibit one of them based on LRAD. The "Lenstra-Lenstra-Lov$\acute{a}$sz (LLL) lattice reduction algorithm" and the ensuing linear detections or successive spatial-interference cancellations can be located in the same array, which is considerably hardware-efficient. Since the conventional form of the LLL algorithm is not immediately suitable for parallel processing, two modified LLL algorithms are considered here for the systolic array. LLL algorithm with full-size reduction-LLL is one of the versions more suitable for parallel processing. Another variant is the all-swap lattice-reduction (ASLR) algorithm for complex-valued lattices, which processes all lattice basis vectors simultaneously within one iteration. Our novel systolic array can operate both algorithms with different external logic controls. In order to simplify the systolic array design, we replace the Lov$\acute{a}$sz condition in the definition of LLL-reduced lattice with the looser Siegel condition. Simulation results show that for LR-aided linear detections, the bit-error-rate performance is still maintained with this relaxation. Comparisons between the two algorithms in terms of bit-error-rate performance, and average field-programmable gate array processing time in the systolic array are made, which shows that ASLR is a better choice for a systolic architecture, especially for systems with a large number of antennas.

Systolic Arrays for Lattice-Reduction-Aided MIMO Detection

Ni-Chun Wang,Ezio Biglieri,Kung Yao 한국통신학회 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.5

Multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) technology provides high data rate and enhanced quality of service for wireless communications. Since the benefits from MIMO result in a heavy computational load in detectors, the design of low-complexity suboptimum receivers is currently an active area of research. Latticereduction-aided detection (LRAD) has been shown to be an effective low-complexity method with near-maximum-likelihood performance. In this paper, we advocate the use of systolic array architectures for MIMO receivers, and in particular we exhibit one of them based on LRAD. The “Lenstra-Lenstra-Lov´asz (LLL) lattice reduction algorithm” and the ensuing linear detections or successive spatial-interference cancellations can be located in the same array, which is considerably hardware-efficient. Since the conventional form of the LLL algorithm is not immediately suitable for parallel processing, two modified LLL algorithms are considered here for the systolic array. LLL algorithm with full-size reduction-LLL is one of the versions more suitable for parallel processing. Another variant is the all-swap lattice-reduction (ASLR) algorithm for complex-valued lattices, which processes all lattice basis vectors simultaneously within one iteration. Our novel systolic array can operate both algorithms with different external logic controls. In order to simplify the systolic array design, we replace the Lov´asz condition in the definition of LLL-reduced lattice with the looser Siegel condition. Simulation results show that for LR-aided linear detections, the bit-error-rate performance is still maintained with this relaxation. Comparisons between the two algorithms in terms of bit-error-rate performance, and average field-programmable gate array processing time in the systolic array are made, which shows that ASLR is a better choice for a systolic architecture, especially for systems with a large number of antennas.

Application of Robotic Welding Technology to the Continuity Plate Weld Within a Steel Built-up Box Column in Buildings

Chung-Che Chou,Gee‑Jin Yu,Kung‑Juin Wang,Wei‑Tze Chang,Chiun‑Lin Wu,Charlene Chin‑Jie Zhao,Chun‑Yao Yang,Ming‑Ti Chou 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.9

This paper presents a study to investigate the feasibility of using robotic welding technologies to weld the continuity plate and the column flange plate during manufacturing steel built-up box columns in buildings. Specimens designed to emulate the key components in the steel beam-to-column moment connections for Special moment frame were fabricated and welded using a proposed automated procedure that performs multi-layer, multi-pass welding for thick steel plates. Effects of controlling parameters on robotic welding results that includes the manner of bead stacking, wire feed speed, travel speed, working angle, arc voltage, the path of the welding pass, and the methods to start and finish welding passes were investigated. The quality of the welded products was assessed by visual inspection and ultrasonic testing (UT). Further mechanical tests including tensile tests, bending tests, and cyclic loading tests were carried out on selected welded products that passed the UT examination. The test results indicated that the robotic welds showed no visible damage or cracks, met requirements specified in the AWS specification, and exhibited satisfactory strength and ductility.