한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

미생물 포괄고정화를 위한 고정화재의 비교검토

신동범,윤창훈,강경수 제주대학교 환경연구소 1997 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.5 No.-

We conducted the experiments to find out the appropriate gelling materials for the treatment of waste water by immobilizing microorganisms inside the gels. The gelling materials known to immobilize microorganisms or cells in them are polyacrylamide, polyvinylalcohol, sodium alginate, κ-carrageenan and chitosan. The gel strengths were determined by the breaking points of the pellet using a rheometer with reaction time. The polyacrylamide gels were retained their solidities and activities excellently compared with the other pellets of polyvinylalcohol, sodium alginate and chitosan with reaction time. It is considered that, in the other hand, the polyacrylamide gels are toxic to the single microorganisms and cells by free radicals during the formation of gels. We used activated sludge for the mmobilization, so it didn't matter the toxicity caused by free radicals. The profiles of waste water treatment by all the immobilized pellets using in this study were showed nearly similar patterns, but gel strength of all the gels except polyacrylamide pellets were getting weak and weak as reaction time goes by. It was concluded that the polyacrylamide gels are excellent for immobilization of activated sludge for waste water treatment, but in the case of immobilization of single microorganisms or cells, natural polysaccharides of sodium alginate, κ -carrageenan or chitosan are thought to be suitable, and it must be developed the techniques for elevating gel strength of nautral polysaccharides.

상아질 지각과민 처치제의 임상적 효과에 대한 연구

신동훈,조경모 大韓齒科保存學會 2000 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.25 No.2

수종 코어용 복합레진 수복재의 물성에 관한 연구

신수일,신동훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.2

The purposes of this study were to estimate the material properties of the recently developed domestic composite resins for core filling material (Chemical, Dual A, Dual B; Vericom, Korea) and to compare them with other marketed foreign products (CorePaste, Den-Mat, USA; Ti-Core, Essential Dental Systems, USA: Support, SCI-Pharm, USA). Six assessments were made; working time, setting time, depth of polymerization, flexural strength, bonding strength, and marginal leakage. All items were compared to ISO standards. All domestic products satisfied the minimum requirements from ISO standards (working time: above 90 seconds, setting time: within 5 minutes), and showed significantly higher flexural strength than Core Paste. Dual A and B could, especially, reduce the setting time to 60 seconds when cured with 600 mW/㎠ light intensity. All experimental materials showed 6 mm depth of polymerization. Bond strengths of Ti-Core and Dual B materials were significantly higher than the other materials. Furthermore, three domestic products and Ti-Core could reduce the microleakage effectively.

2급 와동 수복 시 한국 치과 의사들의 복합레진 사용 실태 연구

신동호,박세은,양인석,장주혜,이인복,조병훈,손호현 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 2008년 1월 현재 한국 치과의사들의 복합레진 사용 실태에 관한 설문 조사로서, 2급 와동을 수복하는 증례에서 치과의사의 면허 년도, 교육 배경 및 진료환경 등에 따라 수복재료의 선택, 복합레진의 사용여부 및 사용방법, 문제점 등을 비교하였다. 한국 치과의사들을 대상으로 2급 와동 수복에 관한 17 문항의 설문지를 제작하였다. 이 설문지는 시술자 정보 2급 와동의 수복으로 크게 2부분으로 나누어진다. 이 설문지는 대한치과의사협회를 통해 12.193 명의 치과의사들에게 E-메일로 발송되었다. 이 중 2.612개의 메일이 수신 확인되었고 840 개의 설문지가 작성되어 회신되었다. 수신 확인된 메일 수에 대한 회신된 메일 수의 비율 (회신율)은 32.2%이었고, 이 자료는 SPSS프로그램에서 카이제곱 분석을 이용하여 교차 분석하였다. 답변자의 비율은 면허년도를 기준으로 1998 ~ 2007년에 면허를 취득한 그룹 (한국 전체 치과의사의 33 3%, 추정 년령 26-35세)이 60.3%로 1997년 이전에 면허 취득한 그룹 (한국 전체 치과의사의 66.7%.추정 년령 36세 이상)의 39.7%보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이들이 근무하는 병원은 개인의원 (77%)이 가장 많았고 남자 치과의사(79%)가 많았다. 복합레진 수복에 대한 지식은 학생 때 수업이나 학회, 세미나를 통하여 (83.4%) 얻은 것으로 나타났다. 2급 와동 수복 시 재료 선호도를 살펴보면 금인레이가 65.7%를 차지하고 있고 복합레진 직접 수복은 12.1%로 낮게 나타났다. 2급 와동의 복합레진 직접 수복 시 시술 방법에 있어서는 러버댐을 사용하지 않거나 잘 사용하지 않는 그룹의 비율(74.4%)이 더 많았고. 격벽법으로는 mylar strip (53.4%)이나 metal matrix (33.8%), Palodent svstem (6.5%)를 사용하였다. 충전은 적층법 (99.6%)을 사용하는 것으로 나타났으며, 시술 시 인접면 형성을 가장 어려워하였다.(57.2%). 2-step 접착시스템 (76%)이 3-step 접착시스템 (16%)보다 많이 사용되고 있었다. 사용하는 레진 제품으로는 Z250(20%)이 가장 많이 사용되고 있었다. The purpose of this study was to assess the current materials, methods and difficulties according to the year of licence and educational background of Korean dentists in Class Ⅱ direct composite resin restorations. Total 17 questions were included in the questionnaire. Questions were broadly divided into two parts first, operator's information and second the materials and methods used in Class Ⅱ posterior composite restoration. The questionnaire was sent to dentists enrolled in Korean Dental Association via e-mail. Total 12,193 e-mails were distributed to dentists. 2,612 e-mails were opened and 840 mails (32.2%) were received from respondents. The data was statically analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS(v 120.1 SPSS Inc. Chicago. IL USA). Male dentists among respondents was 79% 60.3% of the respondents acquired their licences recently (1998-2007) and 77% practiced in private offices 83.4% have acquired their knowledge through school lectures conferences and seminars. For the Class Ⅱ restorations gold inlays were preferred by 65.7% of respondents while direct composite resin restorations were used by 12.1% amalgam users were only 4.4% of respondents. For the restorative technique 74.4% of respondents didn't use rubber dam as needed. For the matrix. mylar strip (53.4%), metal matrix (33.8%) and Palodent system (6.5%) were used 99.6% of respondents restored the Class Ⅱ cavity by incremental layering. Obtaining of the tight interproximal contact was considered as the most difficult procedure (57.2%) followed by field isolation (21%). Among various bonding systems, 22. 6% of respondents preferred SE Bond and 20.2% used Single Bond. Z-250 was used most frequently among a variety of composite resins.

수종 수산화칼슘 Sealer의 근관폐쇄효과에 관한 전기화학적연구

신동훈,최국렬,홍찬의 大韓齒科保存學會 1995 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.20 No.1

AbstractThe purpose of this electrochemical study was to determine and compare the sealing effect of three commonly used calcium hydroxide-based sealers (Sealapex, Apexit, and CRCS) with that of Roth 801 which is a ZOE-based sealer.64 single rooted teeth were used in this experiment. After removing the crown, the teeth were devided into 4 groups of 15 in each and obturated with gutta-percha and experi- mental sealers. 4 teeth were as controls(2 positive and 2 negative).The results were as follows : 1. During the observation period, all sealers showed varying degree of microleakage. 2. The mean leakage currents according to the electrochemical study of each group showed 0.418??0.006mV for Roth 801, 2.03??0.035mV for Sealapex, 3.33??0.069mV for Apxit and 6.48??0.097mV for CRCS group. The positive control group showed 600mV. 3. There were statistically significant difference in mean leakage among experimental groups. ZOE-typed Roth 801 sealer was the lowest, and Sealapex, Apexit, CRCS group in that order showed increased leakage (P<0.05). 4. Roth 801, Sealapex and Apexit group showed increasing leakage with time, but CRCS group showed stable or decreasing leakage tendency.

정전압 분극곡선법에 의한 아말감의 부식 거동에 관한 연구

신동훈,엄정문 大韓齒科保存學會 1986 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to observe characteristic properties through the polarization curves and SEM images from 4 different types of amalgam obtained by using the potentiostats (Princeton EG & G) & SEM (Jeo1/35), and to investigate the degree of corrosion on the oxidation peak of the each phase of amalgam. After each amalgam alloy and Hg was triturated as the direction of the manufacturer by means of the mechanical amalgamator (Shofu Co.), the triturated mass was inserted into the cylindrical metal mold which was 12mm in diameter and 10.0mm in height and was condensed by using routine manner. The specimen was removed from the mold and stored at room temperature for about 24 hours. The standard surface preparation was routinely carried out. Anodic polarization measurement was employed to confirm the corrosion behaviour of the amalgams in a 0.9% saline solution (P.H: 6.8-1.0) at 37℃. The initial rest potential (corrosion potential) was determined after 30 minutes of immersion of specimen in electrolyte, and the potential scan was begun at the point of 1 00mV cathodic from the corrosion potential. The scan rate was 0.17mv/sec. in the study to obseve the degree of corrosion of each phase. SEI and EPMA images on the determined oxidation peaks of each amalgam were observed. The results were as follows: 1. In the four anodic polarization curves, low copper amalgams have three oxidation peaks and high copper amalgams have two oxidation peaks, -270mV, +26mV and +179mV(SEC) in the low copper lathe cut, and -300mV, +39mV and +163mV(SEC) in the low copper spherical. -4mV and +154mV(SEC) in the Dispersalloy, and +17mV and +180mV(SEC) in the Tytin as high copper amalgams. 2. r^2 phase in the low copper amalgam and η phase in the high copper amalgam were the most corrodible phases and Ag-Cu eutectic in high copper amalgam was the most slowly corroded phase. 3. Low copper amalgam was more susceptible in corrosion than high copper amalgam.

X-ray microtomography를 이용한 치아의 3차원 재구성

신동훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.6

Complete understanding of the exterior and interior structure of the tooth would be prerequisite to the successful clinical results, especially in the restorative and endodontic treatment. Although three dimensional reconstruction method using x ray microtomography could not be used in clinical cases, it may be the best way to reconstruct the morphologic characteristics of the tooth structure in detail without destructing the tooth itself. This study was done to three dimensionally reconstruct every teeth in the arch in order to increase the understanding about the endodontic treatment and to promote the effective restorative treatment by upgrading the knowledge of the tooth morphology. After placing tooth between the microfocus x ray tube and the image intensifier to obtain two dimensional images of each level. scanning was done under the condition of 80 keV, 100㎂, 16.8 magnification with the spot size of 8 ㎛. Cross section pixel size of 16.28 ㎛ and 48.83 cross section to cross section distance were also used. From the results of this study, precise three dimensional reconstructed images of every teeth could be obtained. Furthermore, it was possible to see image that showed interested area only, for example. enamel portion only, pulp and dentin area without enamel structure, pulp only, combination image of enamel and pulp, etc. It was also possible to see transparent image without some part of tooth structure. This image might be used as a guide when restoring and preparing the full and partial crown by showing the positional and morphological relationship between the pulp and the outer tooth structure. Another profit may be related with the fact that it would promote the understanding of the interior structure by making observation of the auto rotating image of AVI file from the various direction possible.

카드뮴 처리한 인간 폐 섬유아 세포주에서 IL-6의 발현

신동훈 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Cadmium is a highly toxic element responsible for acute and chronic toxicity in man and induces pathophysiological effects by modulating components of immune system. Cytokines are being increasingly recognized as essential mediators of normal and pathologic immune response. The present study has been investigated the effect of cadmium cytotoxicity for lung fibroblast and expression of cytokine gene in unstimulated and cadmium-treated lung fibroblast using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We showed that cadmium inhibited the cell proliferation and expression of IL-6, TGF-β mRNA in both unstimulated and cadmium-treated cell. The expression of IL-6 mRNA increased at 0.1mM cadmium treated for 24 hours than for 2 hours. This results suggest that cadmium stimulates expression of IL-6 mRNA in lung fibroblast.

카드뮴과 아연이 사람 단핵구성 세포주(THP-1)에서 IL-6의 분비에 미치는 영향

신동훈,서성일,서석권 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate effects of cadmium and zinc on IL-6 secretion using human monocyte in a culture system. Methods : We have used trypan blue dye exclusion methods to examine the effect of cytotoxicity of CdCl₂, ZnCl₂in THP-1 cells. IL-6 was measured by the ELISA method in the cell culture supernatants and the expression of IL-6 mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results : IL-6 production by THP-1 cells were decreased at 0.1 mM cadmium concentration (p<0.05) and increased as zinc concentration increased. Zinc prevented cadmium-induced suppression of IL-6, and the addition of a chelating agent, EDTA, restores IL-6 secretion. The expression of IL-6 mRNA decreased at 0.08 mM and 0.1 mM cadmium concentrations. Conclusion : This results suggest that cadmium depressed production and gene expression of IL-6 in stimulated human monocytes, and zinc prevented cadmium-induced suppression of IL-6.