단위구문 인식에 기반한 견고한 구문 분석 기법

황영숙,곽용재,박소영,정후중,임해창 고려대학교 컴퓨터과학기술연구소 2001 JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING TECHNOLO Vol.3 No.-

본 논문에서는 문법적 오류가 존재한다 할지라도 견고하게 문장을 분석할 수 있는 구문분석 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 구문 분석기는 부분 구문 분석기와 완전 구문 분석기로 구성되며, 부분 구문 분석기는 완전 구문 분석의 전처리로써 주어진 문장을 단위 구문들로 분할하고(Chunking), 완전 구문 분석기는 부분 구문 분석 결과를 입력 받아 문장의 완전한 구문 구조를 밝혀낸다. 부분 구문 분석기와의 결합은 완전 구문 분석만을 했을 때에 비해 구조적 중의성을 상당히 많이 감소시켜 줌으로써 처리속도를 현격하게 향상시켜 줄 뿐만 아니라, 완전 구문 분석에 실패한다 할지라도 부분 구문 분석의 결과를 이용하여 명사구나 동사구와 같은 중요 구문들을 높은 정확률과 함께 견고하게 추출할 수 있도록 해준다는 장점이 있다. 실험결과, 부분 구문 분석기는 전체 구문에 대해 93.19%의 정확률과 93.11%의 재현률을 보여 주었고, 단위구문 인식 결과를 입력으로 하는 완전 구문 분석기는 평균 0.039sec로 문장을 분석할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이는 주어진 문장에 대해 문장의 완전한 구문구조를 밝혀내진 못한다 할지라도 93.19%의 정확률로 명사구나 동사구와 같은 중요 단위구문들을 추출할 수 있음을 의미한다. In this paper, we propose a robust parsing technique, which ran robustly analyze a given sentence even though the sentence contains some grammatical errors. The proposed parsing technique consists of a partial parser and a full parser. A partial parser segments a sentence into chunks as a usefule precursor of a full parser, and a full parser tries to analyze the structural relations among chunks resulted from the partial parser. Combining a partial parser with a full parser enables to reduce the structural ambiguities of the sentence and to do speed up of analyzing the sentence during the full parsing. Furthermore, with a high-performanced partial parsing results, the proposed parser takes an advantage of extracting important phrases such as noun phrases and/or verb phrases in a robust way even though a full parser ends in a failure. Experimental results show that the precision and recall of the partial parser are 93.19% and 93.11% and average processing speed of the full parser is 0.039sec/sentence. As a result, the proposed parsing technique has a power of extracting important phrases with a 93.19% precision although it fails to analyse a full structure of a sentence.

Substance-P protects intestinal epithelium against dextran sulfate sodium-induced toxicity in vitro

Hwang, Dae Yeon,Park, Ju Hyeong,Yim, Sung-Vin,Son, Youngsook,Hong, Hyun Sook THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF TOXICOGENOMICS AND TOXICOPRP 2016 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR TOXICOLOGY Vol. No.

Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) has been used to destroy intestinal epithelium structure and impair barrier function to mimic clinic intestine damages, which causes the intestinal inflammation and furthermore, tissue destruction. In this study, we have attempted to damage intestinal epithelium by treating DSS to Caco-2, human intestinal epithelial cell line, and elucidated the recovery effect of SP in vitro. DSS altered cellular morphology with the loss of TJ and reduced cell viability. Notably, DSS arrested cell cycle to decrease proliferating cell pool. However, SP treatment could preserve cellular morphology and TJ expression level similar to the normal even under DSS-induced toxicity. SP was also able to enhance cell survival, accompanied by the accelerated cell proliferation. Collectively, our study revealed SP can block the intestine damage due to toxicity of DSS. Our results provide the possibility of SP as a potential therapeutic for intestinal damage.

Active ROP2 GTPase inhibits ABA‐ and CO₂‐induced stomatal closure

HWANG, JAE‐,UNG,JEON, BYEONG WOOK,HONG, DAEWOONG,LEE, YOUNGSOOK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Plant, cell and environment Vol.34 No.12

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>ROP GTPases function as molecular switches in diverse cellular processes. Previously, we showed that ROP2 GTPase is activated upon light irradiation, and thereby negatively regulates light‐induced stomatal opening. Here we studied the role of ROP2 during stomatal closure. The expression of a constitutively active form of ROP2 (CA‐rop2) in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> and <I>Vicia faba</I> resulted in slower and reduced stomatal closure in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and CO<SUB>2</SUB>. In contrast, the expression of a dominant‐negative form of ROP2 (DN‐rop2) and the knockout mutation of ROP2 (<I>rop2 KO</I>) promoted ABA‐induced stomatal closure in <I>Arabidopsis</I>. As early as 10 min after ABA treatment, ROP2 was inactivated and translocated to the cytoplasm of the stomatal guard cells. To elucidate the mechanism by which active ROP2 suppresses stomatal closure, we monitored endocytotic membrane trafficking, which is regulated by Rho GTPases in animal cells. We found that the endocytosis of plasma membrane (PM), as tracked by FM4‐64, was lower in CA‐rop2‐expressing guard cells than in those of wild‐type plants, which suggests that active ROP2 suppresses the endocytotic internalization of PM, a process required for stomatal closure. Together, our results suggest that ROP2 is inactivated by ABA, and that this inactivation is required for the timely stomatal closure.</P>

유치원 교사의 관심사에 따른 총체적 언어교수법의 신념과 실제의 차이 연구

장영숙(Jang YoungSook),황윤세(Hwang Yoonse),최미숙(Choi MiSook) 한국열린유아교육학회 2004 열린유아교육연구 Vol.9 No.3

본 연구는 유치원 설립유형에 따라 교사의 관심사와 총체적 언어교수법에 대한 신념과 실제간의 관계를 분석함으로써 교수활동에 대한 이해 및 효율적인 교사교육을 위한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 광주ㆍ전남지역의 유치원교사 214명을 선정하여 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전체 유치원교사의 관심사는 총체적 언어수법에 대한 신념과 유의한 관계를 나타내지 못했다. 둘째, 전체 교사와 공립유치원 교사의 경우, 교사의 관심사 중 성숙관심사가 교사의 총체적 언어 교수법의 실제를 의미 있게 예언하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 공립유치원 교사의 경우, 생존, 강화, 갱신, 성숙관심사 집단 모두, 관심사가 높은 집단에서 총체적 언어 교수법의 신념점수보다 실제점수가 높게 나타나 기관유형별로 교사의 관심사 정도에 따라 총체적 언어교수법에 대한 신념과 실제에 차이가 있음을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the teachers' concerns and the whole language approach of kindergarten teachers. The subjects were 214 kindergarten teachers in Gwangju City and Jeonnam Province. Kindergarten teachers' concerns are not statistically significant factors in predicting teachers' belief on the whole language approach. Interestingly, the public kindergarten teachers' maturity concerns were statistically significant factors in predicting teachers' practice on the whole language approach. In addition, in public kindergarten teachers, groups which show higher scores in survival, consolidation, renewal and maturity concerns show a significant difference between belief and practice on the whole language approach.

Identification of amino acid residues important for the arsenic resistance function of<i>Arabidopsis</i>ABCC1

Zhang, Jie,Hwang, Jae-Ung,Song, Won-Yong,Martinoia, Enrico,Lee, Youngsook Wiley (John WileySons) 2017 FEBS letters Vol.591 No.4

<P>The Arabidopsis ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter ABCC1 sequesters arsenic (As)-phytochelatin conjugates into the vacuole, thereby conferring As resistance. Here, we report the results of a screen for phosphorylation-dependent regulation sites of AtABCC1. Variants of AtABCC1 harboring mutations that replaced amino acid residues Tyr(682), Tyr(709), Tyr(822), Ser(846), Ser(1278), or Thr(1408) with alanine confer reduced resistance and decrease the intracellular As content relative to wild-type AtABCC1 when heterologously expressed in the SM7 yeast strain. This suggests that these mutations compromise the vacuolar sequestration of As by AtABCC1. Furthermore, through a phosphomimic mutant study, we found that phosphorylation of Ser(846) is required for the As resistance function of AtABCC1. Our analysis provides a first clue as to the phosphorylation-mediated regulation of AtABCC1 activity.</P>

Psychiatric Sequelae of Former “Comfort Women,” Survivors of the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery during World War II

Jeewon Lee,YoungSook Kwak,YoonJung Kim,EunJi Kim,EJin Park,Yunmi Shin,BunHee Lee,SoHee Lee,HeeYeon Jung,Inseon Lee,JungIm Hwang,Dongsik Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.4

“Comfort women” refers to young women and girls who were forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese military during World War II. They were abducted from their homes in countries under Imperial Japanese rule, mostly from Korea, and the rest from China, Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, the Netherlands, etc. “Comfort women” endured extreme trauma involving rape, sexual torture, physical abuse, starvation, threats of death, and witnessed many others being tortured and killed. This article reviews all the studies that have investigated the psychiatric or psychosocial sequelae of the survivors of the Japanese military sexual slavery. Most importantly, a recent study which conducted a psychiatric evaluation on the former “comfort women” currently alive in South Korea is introduced. The participants’ unmarried rate was relatively high and their total fertility rate was relatively low. Majority of the participants reported having no education and being the low economic status. They showed high current and lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic disorder, major depressive disorder, somatic symptom disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed high suicidality and majority of the participants still reported being ashamed of being former “comfort women” after all these years. This article highlights the fact that the trauma has affected the mental health and social functioning of former “comfort women” throughout their lives, and even to the present day.

e-Learning 을 위한 전통건축물 저작환경 구현방안에 관한 기초연구 : "조선시대 탐라순력도(耽羅巡歷國)의 디지털콘텐츠 개발"을 중심으로

황선휘(Sunhwie Hwang),권영숙(Youngsook Kwon),최진원(Jinwon Choi) 한국HCI학회 2007 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.2

PDR-type ABC transporter mediates cellular uptake of the phytohormone abscisic acid

Kang, Joohyun,Hwang, Jae-Ung,Lee, Miyoung,Kim, Yu-Young,Assmann, Sarah M.,Martinoia, Enrico,Lee, Youngsook Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.107 No.5

<P>Abscisic acid (ABA) is a ubiquitous phytohormone involved in many developmental processes and stress responses of plants. ABA moves within the plant, and intracellular receptors for ABA have been recently identified; however, no ABA transporter has been described to date. Here, we report the identification of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter Arabidopsis thaliana Pleiotropic drug resistance transporter PDR12 (AtPDR12)/ABCG40 as a plasma membrane ABA uptake transporter. Uptake of ABA into yeast and BY2 cells expressing AtABCG40 was increased, whereas ABA uptake into protoplasts of <I>atabcg40</I> plants was decreased compared with control cells. In response to exogenous ABA, the up-regulation of ABA responsive genes was strongly delayed in <I>atabcg40</I> plants, indicating that ABCG40 is necessary for timely responses to ABA. Stomata of loss-of-function <I>atabcg40</I> mutants closed more slowly in response to ABA, resulting in reduced drought tolerance. Our results integrate ABA-dependent signaling and transport processes and open another avenue for the engineering of drought-tolerant plants.</P>

패턴 정보를 이용한 효모 관련 문서에서의 이벤트 자동 추출

전홍우(Hongwoo Chun),황영숙(Youngsook Hwang),임해창(Haechang Rim) 한국정보과학회 2003 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.1B

생명과학 관련 문서에서 자동으로 이벤트를 추출하는 것은 관련 연구자들의 연구에 많은 도움을 줄 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 생명과학 관련 문서 중 특히 효모와 관련된 문서를 대상으로 간단한 자연언어 처리 기술을 적용하여 유의미한 정보를 추출한 결과를 제시하고자 한다. 실험은 효모 관련 문서에서 고빈도의 이벤트 표현 동사에 대한 패턴 정보를 조사한 후, 패턴 정보에 의거하여 이벤트를 추출하였다. 평가 결과, 비교적 간단한 자연언어 처리 기술만으로도 유의미한 정보들을 추출할 수 있었다.

결정적 구문 분석을 위한 문맥 의존 문법 규칙 획득 도구

곽용재(YongJae Kwak),황영숙(YoungSook Hwang),박소영(SoYoung Park),정후중(HooJung Chung),임해창(HaeChang Rim) 한국정보과학회 1999 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.1B

문맥을 고려하지 않는 CFG 규칙은 작성이 용이하지만 언어 생성에 한계가 있다. 이에 반해 CDG 규칙은 문맥을 고려하기 때문에 언어 생성 능력이 높은 반면 작성이 용이하지 않다. 기존 연구에서는 CDG 규칙을 수작업으로 획득함으로써 많은 시간과 인력이 요구되었다. 본 논문은 CDG 규칙 획득에 필요한 수작업을 최소화할 수 있는 도구를 제안한다. 제안된 도구는 중의성이 없는 경우를 탐지하여 자동으로 규칙을 획득함으로써 수작업을 최소화한다. 규칙 획득 실험 결과, 수동 규칙 획득 작업과 비교하여 약 70%의 수작업이 감소되었다.