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Jeong, Hyojoon,Miller, Vivien,Hinton, Thomas G.,Johnson, Thomas E.,Pinder III, John E. Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY Vol.189 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A model of cesium (Cs) dynamics among the principal biotic and abiotic components of an 11.4-ha impoundment is described. The model is derived from analyses of field measurements of Cs-133 concentrations in pond components for 500 days following the addition of 4 kg of stable Cs-133 to the system. This study differs from similar experiments in which radionuclides, or their stable analogs have been added to small ponds in that the biomasses of key pond components were also obtained. The Cs-133 concentrations and biomasses were used to compute the dynamics of Cs-133 inventories and fluxes among the pond components. The model permits interesting comparisons of Cs-133 transport and fate over time among the pond's abiotic components, primary producers, and two-orders of consumers. The importance of the submerged macrophyte and periphyton community in controlling the transport and fate of the added Cs-133 is quantified. Macrophytes intercepted much of the Cs-133 and slowed its ultimate sequestration by the sediments. The macrophytes' rapid absorption and slow release of Cs-133 prolonged the availability of the element to other pond biota. These data are being used within a subsequent paper to further develop the model into one in which the Cs-133 kinetics are described by transfer coefficients so that effects of changing environmental variables and remediation options can be explored.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> “Tabular” model of inventories of <SUP>133</SUP>Cs (in mg) in main biotic components following the addition of 4 kg of Cs-133 to Pond 4. </LI> <LI> Models 8 biota: submerged macrophytes, plankton, periphyton, <I>Chaoborus</I> larva, snails, bluegills, lake chubs, and largemouth bass. </LI> <LI> The evaluation includes an assessment of the daily fluxes of Cs-133 amongst the biotic components. </LI> <LI> The flux of <SUP>133</SUP>Cs from the water → plankton → largemouth bass was 50X less than that of water → periphyton → largemouth bass. </LI> <LI> These inventory and flux data are developed to be utilized in a subsequent kinetic model characterized by transfer coefficients. </LI> </UL> </P>
B. Schram,B. Hinton,R. Orr,R. Pope,G. Norris 대한직업환경의학회 2018 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.30 No.-
Background: The nature of police work often necessitates use of Individual Light Armour Vests (ILAVs) for officer protection. Previous research has demonstrated various biomechanical and physical performance impacts of ILAVs, however, little knowledge exists on the individual officer’s perceptions of ILAV. The aim of this study was to investigate officers’ perceptions of the impacts of three different ILAVs and normal station wear whilst performing police occupational tasks. Methods: A prospective, within subjects, repeated measures design was employed in which 11 serving police officers wore each of three different types of body armour (ILAV A, ILAV B or ILAV C) and normal station wear for a full day while performing tasks including a simulated victim drag, a patrol vehicle exit and a marksmanship shoot. Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; − 10 to + 10) were used to examine officer perceptions of each ILAV. Finally, officers were asked to indicate areas of both discomfort and comfort of each ILAV on a mannequin chart. Results: Officers perceived less effort was required for the victim drag whilst wearing ILAV B (RPE = 3.6/10) when compared to ILAV A, ILAV C and even station wear (RPE = 4.7/10, 4.0/10, 3.8/10, respectively). A positive impact on performance was perceived for ILAV B (VAS = + 0.26) when performing a patrol vehicle exit and sprint task but not for the other two ILAVs (VAS = − 3.58, − 0.55, − 0.85, respectively). Officers perceived a positive impact of ILAV B (VAS = + 2.7) and station wear (VAS = + 1.4) and a negative impact of ILAVs A and C (VAS = − 2.1, − 1.7 respectively) on marksmanship. Despite all armour types being criticized for discomfort, ILAV B received lower ratings of discomfort overall, and some positive comments regarding both comfort and performance. Conclusions: Officers perceived ILAV B to have positive effects on task performance. It was also rated more comfortable than the other two, possibly due to a longer torso design which shifted load from the shoulders to the hips and pelvis. Officer perceptions of comfort and effects on occupational performance should be considered when designing and procuring armour systems. Although ILAVs may be similar, perceived impacts may vary between officers.
Monitoring Cathodic Shielding and Corrosion under Disbonded Coatings
( F. Varela ),( M. Yj Tan ),( B. Hinton ),( M. Forsyth ) 한국부식방식학회 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.3
Monitoring of corrosion is in most cases based on simulation of environmental conditions on a large and complex structure such as a buried pipeline using a small probe, and the measurement of thermodynamics and kinetics of corrosion processes occurring on the probe surface. This paper presents a hybrid corrosion monitoring probe designed for simulating deteriorating conditions wrought by disbonded coatings and for measuring current densities and distribution of such densities on a simulated pipeline surface. The concept of the probe was experimentally evaluated using immersion tests under cathodic protection (CP) in high resistivity aqueous solution. Underneath the disbonded area, anodic currents and cathodic currents were carefully measured. Anodic current densities were used to calculate metal loss according to Faraday`s law. Calculated corrosion patterns were compared with corrosion damage observed at the surface of the probe after a series of stringent tests. The capability of the probe to measure anodic current densities under CP, without requiring interruption, was demonstrated in high resistivity aqueous solution. The pattern of calculated metal loss correlated well with corrosion products distribution observed at the array surface. Working principles of the probe are explained in terms of electrochemistry.
Monitoring Cathodic Shielding and Corrosion under Disbonded Coatings
Varela, F.,Tan, M. YJ,Hinton, B.,Forsyth, M. The Corrosion Science Society of Korea 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.2
Monitoring of corrosion is in most cases based on simulation of environmental conditions on a large and complex structure such as a buried pipeline using a small probe, and the measurement of thermodynamics and kinetics of corrosion processes occurring on the probe surface. This paper presents a hybrid corrosion monitoring probe designed for simulating deteriorating conditions wrought by disbonded coatings and for measuring current densities and distribution of such densities on a simulated pipeline surface. The concept of the probe was experimentally evaluated using immersion tests under cathodic protection (CP) in high resistivity aqueous solution. Underneath the disbonded area, anodic currents and cathodic currents were carefully measured. Anodic current densities were used to calculate metal loss according to Faraday's law. Calculated corrosion patterns were compared with corrosion damage observed at the surface of the probe after a series of stringent tests. The capability of the probe to measure anodic current densities under CP, without requiring interruption, was demonstrated in high resistivity aqueous solution. The pattern of calculated metal loss correlated well with corrosion products distribution observed at the array surface. Working principles of the probe are explained in terms of electrochemistry.
Predictors of Early Readmissions in Hospitalized Patients With Gastroparesis: A Nationwide Analysis
( Ravi B Pavurala ),( Peter P Stanich ),( Somashekar G Krishna ),( Praveen Guturu ),( Alice Hinton ),( Darwin L Conwell ),( Gokulakrishnan Balasubramanian ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.27 No.3
Background/Aims Gastroparesis is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that frequently presents with symptoms that are difficult to manage, necessitating frequent hospitalizations. We sought to determine the predictors of early readmission due to gastroparesis based on etiology. Methods We identified all adults discharged with a principal diagnosis of gastroparesis after hospitalization from the 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database. We compared etiology wise (diabetes, post-surgical, and idiopathic) early readmission. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of 30-day readmission. Results A total of 12 689 patients were identified, 30.7% diabetic, 2.6% post-surgical, and 66.7% were idiopathic. Patients with diabetic gastroparesis were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days than idiopathic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.94) and post-surgical gastroparesis (aOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.98). Pyloroplasty was associated with less likelihood of 30-day readmission (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.20-0.97). In addition, male gender (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.37), modified Elixhauser comorbidity score ≥ 3 (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.18-1.61), chronic pain syndrome (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11-1.78), younger (18-64 years) age (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.34-2.00), need for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/jejunostomy tube (aOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.21-3.52), and need for total parenteral nutrition (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.24-2.35) were associated with increased risk of 30-day readmission. Conclusions One in 5 patients was readmitted with gastroparesis within 30 days. In the diabetic group, diabetes-related complications contributed to readmissions than gastroparesis. Pyloroplasty is associated with reduced early hospital readmission. Prospective studies are needed for validation of these results. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:408-418)
VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH IN DISASTER SITUATIONS
알.비. 그리피쓰(R.B. Griffiths),엠.에치. 힌턴(M.H. Hinton),지.에이. 카씨나(G.A. Cassina),에이. 만토바니(A. Mantovani) 한국예방수의학회 1989 예방수의학회지 Vol.13 No.2
最近 數年동안, 本來 自然發生的이거나 또는 人爲的으로 形成된 慘禍에 對한 獸醫師의 活躍에 關한 要求가 增加되어 왔다. 食糧農業機構, 國際獸疫會議事務局, 世界保健機構 그리고 유럽 여러나라의 專門家들이 參席하여 1984년 11월에 로마에서 國際硏鑽會가 開催된 바 있다. 이 會議의 目的은 災難狀況에 있어서의 獸醫業務의 責任性을 確認하고자 하는 것이었으며, 活動指針과 같은 敎育用 資料를 마련하고자 하는 것이었다. 根本的인 두가지의 樣相이 確定되었는 바 가, 應急狀況이 持續되는 時期 즉 時急性과 2次活動 및 長期的 目的에 있어서의 獸醫 業務 責任에 對한 確認同定, 나, 政策立案, 技術計劃 그리고 現場狀況에 있어서의 活動을 期待하는 獸醫 應急 對處組織에 對한 定義 被害받은 地域에 있어서의 獸醫 機動打擊 業務가 베풀어져야한다는 것이 期待되는 것이며 主要活動인 것으로 論議된 바 있는데, 즉 陸軍 獸醫團, 民間 自願團體 또는 國際機構等과 같은 團體의 役割을 일컫는 것이다. 또한, 다음과 같은 事項이 特別事項으로 考慮된 바 있다.