Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponins attenuate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions via suppression of NF-kB and STAT1 and activation of Nrf2/ARE-mediated heme oxygenase-1

( Jae Ho Choi ),( Sun Woo Jin ),( Eun Hee Han ),( Bong Hwan Park ),( Hyung Gyun Kim ),( Tilak Khanal ),( Yong Pil Hwang ),( Minh Truong Do ),( Hyun Sun Lee ),( Young Chul Chung ),( Hee Suk Kim ),( Tae 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2014 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.24 No.0

Purpose: The consequences of precipitously rising allergic skin inflammation rates worldwide have accelerated the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD). Natural product-based agents with good efficacy and low risk of side effects offer promising prevention and treatment strategies for inflammation-related diseases. We have already reported that Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponins (Changkil saponins, CKS) have many pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, but its influence on AD remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of CKS, mainly platycodin D, on AD-like skin symptoms in mice and the possible mechanisms in cells. Methods: Mice were sensitized and challenged with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Four weeks after challenge, mice were treated with oral administration of CKS for 4 weeks. In addition, cells were used to evaluate the effect of CKS, mainly platycodin D, on the TARC expression regulated mechanism. Results: CKS attenuated DNCB-induced dermatitis severity, serum levels of IgE and TARC, and mRNA expression of TARC, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in mice. Histopathological examination showed reduced thickness of the epidermis/dermis and dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells and mast cells in the ears. Moreover, CKS and platycodin D inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC expression through the suppression of NF-κB and STAT1 and induction of Nrf2/ARE-mediated hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in cells. Conclusion: We suggest that CKS and platycodin D inhibited the development of AD-like skin symptoms by regulating cytokine mediators and may be an effective alternative therapy for AD-like skin symptoms.ⓒ2014 Elsevler Gmbh. All rights reserved.

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions

Lee, Sang Choel,Han, Seung Hyeok,Li, Jin Ji,Lee, Sun Ha,Jung, Dong-Sub,Kwak, Seung-Jae,Kim, Seung Hye,Kim, Dong Ki,Yoo, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Jin Hyun,Chang, Se-Ho,Han, Dae Suk,Kang, Shin-Wook International Society of Nephrology 2009 Kidney international Vol.76 No.8

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an anti-oxidant enzyme normally upregulated in response to oxidant injury. Here we determined the role of HO-1 in podocyte apoptosis in glomeruli of streptozotocin-treated rats and in immortalized mouse podocytes cultured in media containing normal or high glucose. HO-1 expression, its activity, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein, and active caspase-3 fragments were all significantly higher in isolated glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. These increases were inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin treatment of the rats or by HO-1 siRNA treatment of the podocytes in culture. The number of apoptotic cells was also significantly increased in the glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. Inhibition of HO-1 accentuated the increase in apoptotic cells both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that HO-1 expression protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions.

문화관광의 개념적 범위에 관한 고찰 : 관광과 문화의 관계를 중심으로

한숙영,엄서호 한국문화관광학회 2004 문화관광연구 Vol.6 No.1

The characteristic of cultural tourism has been changed since the seventeenth century based on relationship between tourism and culture. The origin of cultural tourism is usually attributed the Grand Tour, which originated in Britain in the seventeenth century. Most of the early Grand Tourist were aristocrats for whom a trip to continental Europe was often a coda to classical education. During Romanticism, the pattern of Grand tour changed form the "Classical Grand Tour" which concentrated on the culture of the ancient classical world and Renaissance, to the "Romantic Grand Tour," with more attention devoted to romantic views of urban and rural scenery. In the aftermath, cultural motive of tourism continued to be heritage tourism focused on museums, monuments, historical sits and so on. Cultural tourism can be explained as a consequence of wider social and economic trends which mark either the period of `late modernism' or `postmodernism.' Important elements of these trends which relate to the development of cultural tourism include de-differentiation between perviously separate social and economic spheres, antiauratic phenomenon between high culture and popular culture. An important consequence of these changes is that tourism and culture are to be the same sphere.

들깨잎의 품종에 따른 성분분석 및 생리활성물질 탐색

한호석,박정혜,최희진,손준호,김영활,김성,최청 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

The biochemical components of Namcheondlggae, Miryangdlkkae 25, Boradlggae and Ipdlkkae 1 were measured. The samples were extracted with hot water, 60% acetone or 80% ethanol for screening physiological activity. The crude protein content (4.36%) was found in the Miryangdlkkae 25 and calcium content (497.5 mg%) was found in the Namcheondlggae among the tested 4 perilla leaves. Fructose was 30.86 mg% in the Namcheondlggae and free amino acids at all perilla leaves was detected seventeen. In Boradlggae, glutamic acid and alanin were 25.37 and 11.91 mg%. Totally nine non-volatile organic acids were also detected and the contents of malic acid and glutaric acid were 28.34 and 14.57 mg% in Boradlggae. The Miryangdlkkae 25 had the highest vitamin C amount which was 113.24 mg%. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of 80% ethanol extract of Boradlggae was 46.71%. Electron donating activity of 60% acetone extract from Namcheondlggae was the strongest inhibition activity as 98.19% when 200ppm level of the sample extracts were added.

압축천연가스기관에서 부스트압력 변화에 따른 성능 및 배출가스에 관한 실험적 연구

한영출,오용석,강호인 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Recently, air pollution is increased according to increase of vehicle. So many countries are studying about compressed natural gas engine. Research on the development of CNG dedicated engine that has important meaning both as a clean fuel and an alternative energy to reduce the exhaust emission from diesel engine are actively going on these days. In this study, the characteristics of CNG engine was investigated and the engine performance experimented by changing the parameters such as boost pressure. The CNG engine performance and exhaust emission were measured by engine performance mode at maximum load condition with increasing the rpm in the range of 1,000 ∼ 2,200rpm. The exhaust emission was also measured at D-13 mode and compared to the emission regulation.

경화된 열경화성 수지와 고분자재의 혼합성형에 관한 특성

김석호,윤한기,여홍태 東義大學校産業技術開發硏究所 1998 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

For the purpose of recycling the rigid thermosets, this study investigated the film of thermoplastic mixed with some weight fraction of rigid phenol in the hot compression molding at temperature of 200℃. The results abtained are as follows; the tensile stress according to the weight fraction of phenol particle is linearly proportional to the strain upto 2% of strain, the more the grain fraction of phenol is, the smaller the stress and strain is at frature, in case of the same weight fraction of phenol, the stress and strain of large grain is larger than those of small grain.

엔지오텐신이 Norepinephrine의 신혈관 반응에 미치는 영향

이석호,김종규,양훈모,민영기,임한혁 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.2

To determine the effect of angiotensin Ⅱ(ANG Ⅱ)-induced hypertension on the renal hemodynamic response of norepinephrine(NE), mongrel dog instrumented for checking of renal blood flow(RBF) was followed as the step increases every 2 minutes in the rate of norepinephrine infusion into the renal artery during 5 conditions (C : control, C+PD : control+pressure decompression of aorta, ACEI : angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ACEI+ANG Ⅱ : angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor+ANG Ⅱ, ACEI+ANG Ⅱ+PD : angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor+ANG Ⅱ+pressure decompression of aorta) Without relation of increase (C, C+PD) or decrease (ACEI+ANG Ⅱ, ACEI+ANG Ⅱ+PD) of the plasma ANG Ⅱ level when NE is infused into vessel, there were no differences in RBF response to NE infusion between C and C+PD and between ACEI+ANG Ⅱ and ACEI+ANG Ⅱ+PD, which implies that renal arterial pressure(RAP) does not play an important role in controling the renal hemodynamic response to NE. When renin angiotensin system was blocked by captopril without adding to ANG Ⅱ supply (ACEI), RBF can be severe decreased to approximately 90% at much lower rates of NE infusion than occurred when the sufficient concentration of ANG Ⅱ were present in the plasma. As the increased sensitivity of NE did not occur at lower renal arterial pressure, when ANGⅡ was present in the plasma in sufficient concentrations, it seems that protective effect on renal function is possible by ANGⅡ during renal sympathetic stimulation.

경피적 전기 신경 자극과 간섭파 치료의 동통 완화 기전에 대한 연구 -날록손 투여가 흰쥐의 꼬리 회피 반사와 뇌 척수액 내 베타 엔돌핀 농도에 미치는 효과-

김진호,한태륜,방문석,김돈규,권범선,임재영 大韓再活醫學會 1997 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.21 No.6

地方化 時代에 따른 地域發展模型과 새마을運動 戰略에 關한 硏究

高秉浩,韓石泰 청주대학교 새마을연구소 1987 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study is mainly to find out the regional development model and the strategic change of the Saemaul Undong in these days of political decentralization and localization. Saemaeul Undong began in 1970. And it can not be denied that it has made much contribution to the improvement of income level, physical condition of resident's life and mentality of people, especially in rural area. But it has also problems like deep envolvement of government bureaucracy and emphasizing material production as a criterion of effectiveness. So, being faced with the introduction of local self-government system, the Saemaul Undong should be changed in the direction as follows. 1. Citizen partictpation should be increased through activating all kinds of self-generating, informal civil organizations. 2. In prospect of carrying out of local self-government system, government initiative can be decreased by transfering the leadership of the Saemaul Undong to the organization composed of citizen and local self-government officials. 3. Transfering most activities except mental develoment area to the normal goverment administration can make the movement concentrate its efforts onmental devolopment goal. Even then, mental development activities should be directed mainly to awaken a person to the importance of self conciousness as a citizen living in democratic socity on the premise that only such self conciousness could establish local self -government system and democracy ultimately in our country. 4. Saemaul Uodong should change its strategy from the community. development approach to the regional development approach to keep in step with increasing concern for localization and regional development. To sum up, Saemaul Undong should be done for the purpose of enlightening a person as a citizen who knows his civil rights and duties, and should expand its activity perspective from community development model to the regional development model.

공극이 탄소섬유쉬트로 보강된 부재의 휨내력에 미치는 영향에 관한 실물 실험 연구

오명호,김도균,조석희,김한수 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

The deterioration ratio of flexural capacity in the beams reinforced with carbon fiber sheets due to the gap between concrete surface and sheet is presented through the experimental study using full-scale members. Experiment results show that bond failure occurred in all specimens. The deterioration ratios of flexural capacity in the specimens reinforced on the bottom are 6%, 8% and 11% when the gap ratios are 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Also, the deterioration ratios of flexural capacity in the specimens reinforced on the bottom and the sides are 5%, 8%, 11% and 16% when the gap ratios are 10%. 20%, 30% and 40%. respectively.