APPLICATION OF TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM(TSP) FOR DECISION OF OPTIMAL PRODUCTION SEQUENCE

Chang, Kun Soo,Yeo, Yeong Koo,Chang, Jin Yang,Kim, Kil Su,Jeong, Eun Young,Oh, Sea Cheon 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.5

In the present study a reliable and structural decision system for production sequence of polymeric products is developed. Minimization of the amount of off-specs are the main objective in the decision of production sequence to maximize profit. Off-specs are generated when the production sequence of polymeric products is changed. The amount of off-specs depends on changes of product grades. In the present study we applied the traveling salesman problem (TSP) to achieve optimal decision of production sequence. To solve the optimal decision problem formulated by TSP, we employed three different approaches such as Branch and Bound (B&B) method. Dynamic Programming (DP) method and Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) method. Production sequences computed based on the actual plant off-spec data were compared with the sequences employed in the actual plant operation. From the comparison the decision method proposed in the present study showed increased profits and reduced off-specs.

Marked Decreases of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 Are Associated with Strong Antiviral Effects of Tenofovir in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

( Ji Young Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Yun Hui Kim ),( Seok Cheon Yeom ),( Su Gyeong Lee ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Si Hyun Bae ),( Jong Young Choi ),( Seung Kew Yoon ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Immune regulatory molecules such as forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) on CD4+ T cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 CTLA-4) on CD8+ T cell are associated with antiviral effector T cell dysfunction, which influences on T cell exhaustion and persistent viral infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B. These Foxp3 and CTLA-4 are up-regulated in chronic hepatitis B. During antiviral therapy with tenofovir, the expressions of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 could be changed. We investigated the relationship between antiviral effects of tenofovir and the expression of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 during tenofovir treatment in chronic hepatitis B. Methods: Eight patients with chronic hepatitis B under tenofovir treatment were enrolled for detection of Foxp3 on CD4+ T cell and CTLA-4 on CD8+ T cell. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from these subjects before tenofovir treatment (T0), 3 month (T3) and 6 month (T6) during tenofovir treatment. For antiviral effect analysis, serum HBV DNA levels were checked at same time. The expressions of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 on T cells were monitored by flow cytometry. Results: Three patients (3 of 8) showed marked decreases of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 during tenofovir therapy (group 1). Five patients (5 of 8) showed minimal changes of Foxp3 or CTLA-4 during tenofovir therapy (group 2). Group 1 showed complete virologic response within 6 month therapy regardless of baseline HBV DNA level but, group 2 showed complete virologic response within 6 month therapy only in patients with low baseline HBV DNA level (< 7log HBV DNA). Conclusions: Among the patients with chronic hepatitis B, the patients who showed marked decrease of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 during tenofovir therapy are associated with strong antiviral effects of tenofovir regardless of baseline HBV DNA level. This finding suggests that restoration of HBV-specific T cell strengthens the antiviral effects of tenofovir.

Low-level Green and Red Laser Treatment of Shaochong (HT9)·Dadun (LR1) and Shaohai (HT3)·Yingu (KI10) Acupoints in a Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Na, Chang-Su,Kim, Wang-In,Jang, Ho-Sun,Youn, Dae-Hwan,Moon, Young-Min,Jeong, Sung-Ho,Cheon, Min-Woo The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2015 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.16 No.2

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has facilitated an improvement in acupuncture treatment. In this study, we stimulated Shaochong (HT9), Dadun (LR1), Shaohai (HT3), and Yingu (KI10) acupoints with pulsed laser diodes 532 nm [green laser] and 658 nm [red laser] in rats with induced middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). The animals were divided into 6 groups: intact control; MCAO control without LLLT; LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (RR); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (GG); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and red laser at HT3·KI10 (GR); and LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and green laser at HT3·KI10 (RG). We evaluated the immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampal CA1 region, and complete blood count changes. Compared to the MCAO control group, the RG group showed a significant decrease in Bax and cytochrome c levels in the hippocampus, and a significant increase in hemoglobin level, hematocrit, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts.

Short Communication : Application of Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) For Decision of Optimal Production Sequence

( Eun Young Jeong ),( Sea Cheon Oh ),( Yeong Koo Yeo ),( Kun Soo Chang ),( Jin Yang Chang ),( Kil Su Kim ) 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.5

In the present study a reliable and structural decision system for production sequence of polymeric products is developed. Minimization of the amount of off-specs are the main objective in the decision of production sequence to maximize profit. Off-specs are generated when the production sequence of polymeric products is changed. The amount of off-specs depends on changes of product grades. In the present study we applied the traveling salesman problem (TSP) to achieve optimal decision of production sequence. To solve the optimal decision problem formulated by TSP, we employed three different approaches such as Branch and Bound (B&B) method. Dynamic Programming (DP) method and Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) method. Production sequences computed based on the actual plant off-spec data were compared with the sequences employed in the actual plant operation. From the comparison the decision method proposed in the present study showed increased profits and reduced off-specs.

췌장가성낭종에 대한 임상적 고찰

서종권,장정환,김성환,김정용,민영돈,김권천,김종안 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.1

For the purpose of finding the changing patterns of the status and management of the patient with pancreatic pseudocyst who were treated in same hospital according to the time sequence, the authors reviewed 29 patients' charts with pancreatic pseudocyst treated at department of Surgery, Chosun University Hospital during 11 years from Jan. 1984 to Dec. 1994 comparing with those of the previous 24 patients treated from Jan. 1974 to Dec. 1983 that was reported at the Journal of Korea Surgical Society, 1985. The following results were obtained: 1. The age and sex distribution were not changed. The male and female ratio was 2.2~2.4:1 and the most prevalent age group was fourth decade and fifth decade. 2. The pancreatitis was the main etiologic disease and it was more frequent than previous report. That can be probably attributed to the increasing of alcohol intake. 3. The pancreatic body was the most affective site. 4. The common symptoms and signs were abdominal pain and tenderness(93.1%), upper abdominal palpable mass(48.3%), and anorexia, nausea and vomiting(44.8%). That was not changed with previous report. 5. The duration of symptoms to diagnosis were usually 3~4 weeks and 5~6 weeks. 6. The most common laboratory finding was amy1asemia(72.4%). 7. The preoperative complications were pleural effusion (48.3%), infected cyst(17.2%) and rupture of cyst(10.3%). 8. We could obtain good outcomes in the 7 patients(25.9%) treated conservatively. The surgical treatment, external drainage, internal drainage and excision, were done in 21 patients according to the patients status. 9. There were total 11 cases(52.4%) postoperative complications in all operation patients. That rate was increased than before. However it does not mean true increase because of poor preoperative condition of the patients. 10. The time interval between diagnosis and operation was 1~3weeks(47.6%) and 3~6weeks(28.6%). The proper operation time should be taken case-byUcase. In conclusion, the last decade has witnessed no additional changes in diagnosing and curing pancreatic pseudocyst other than the following two. The disease is increasingly cause by pancreatitis, Particularly alcoholic pancreatitis and it can be more effectively dealt with by the conservative treatment. Nevertheless much remains to be discussed on the adequate time and therapy in curing pancreatic pseudocyst. What matters here is to develops more specified methods for each patient taking into consideration on the nature of disease.

Biochemical Adaptation of Pinus pumila on Low Temperature in Mt. Seorak, Korea

Kim Chan-Soo,Han Sim-Hee,Lee Wi-Young,Lee Jae-Cheon,Park Young-Ki,Oh Chang-Young 한국자원식물학회 2005 Plant Resources Vol.8 No.3

We tested the hypothesis that alpine plants have special physiological and biochemical mechanisms in addition to their structural adaptation in order to survive under extreme conditions. The photosynthetic organs of Pinus pumila were used to examine the seasonal changes in sugar concentration, antioxidative enzyme, and lipid peroxidation. The concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and reducing sugar were the highest in the leaves in April. But sugar contents in buds and inner barks did not respond sensitively on temperature change. Meanwhile superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity responded sensitively on the change of temperature and SOD in all tissues maintained high activity in April. Meanwhile anthocyanin content increased rapidly in June but the increase of anthocyanin content was not enough to prevent their tissues from the damage by the exposure of high temperature or other stress. In conclusion, under low temperature condition, P. pumila increased the concentration of soluble sugars and SOD activity in their tissues in order to overcome extreme environmental condition. But in summer, these stress defense system against high temperature might be disturbed slightly. This results in the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in three tissues by lipid peroxidation.

외측 미칩 갑상선에서 발생하여 다발성 전이로 발현된 유두상 갑상선암 1예

천남일,이창훈,홍세인,정진욱,윤인석,조동혁,강호철,정동진,정민영 대한내분비학회 2001 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.16 No.4-5

信用카드의 消費 및 通貨效果에 관한 硏究

千昌寧 건국대학교 1998 학술논문집 : 건국대 대학원 Vol.48 No.1

Perhaps the most significant trend in the world of financial serices during the 1980s and 1990s might be the rapid internationalization of credit card. Once a pre-dominantly North American and British phenomenon, plastic card have now become the weapon of choice in the retail banking revolution that has been sweeping the globe. The world card business is dominated by five international brands : VISA, MasterCard, American Express, Diners Club and JCB. Of the five major global players in the card business, four originated and are headquartered in the United States, which is still the world's largest and most mature credit card market. But as growth in the north American card business slows to single-digit levels, Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa regions offer the prospect of continued growth of 20% or more per year. Rep. of Korea is the 2nd largest credit card market in the Asia-Pacific region and has more than 40.3 million cards in circulation at the end of March 1997. Credit card market has been growing rapidly in Korea and this trend seems to sontinue for the time being. But Korean credit card market is characterized by gorvernment regulations that aimed to control directly domestic consumption and money supply as the nation;s trade defict widened and the domestic economy worsened. Irrational use of credit was blamed for high levels of individual spending. The monetary authority has often demanded records of customers' overseas purchases in order to check on the use by citizens of multiple cards to circumvent the spending limit outside the country. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of credit card on consumption and money, which should have been studied thoroughly prior to government regulations. It seems clear that credit card substitutes money to some extent in so far as if functions as a means of payment, but it is not so clear whether credit card always increases consumption and various levels of demand for money. In this paper I assumed it is a matter of empirical test and trued to confirm the effects of credit card on consumption and various levels of demand for money in Korea. This paper consists of largely four parts. The first part, chapter 2, outlines the concepts of credit card and various features of card market in Korea and worldwide. The second part, chapter 3 & 5, summarizes the theoretical and empirical studies on consumption and demand for money with the consumption and monetary effets of credit card is empirically analyzed through multiple time series regressions. Various statistical tests such as unit root test, Granger causality test, Johanses cointegration test, t-test, Durbin-Watson test, F-test had been done. The sample period is 1987.1st quater - 1996. 4th quater. Also chapter 1 outlines the aim and scopes of this study and chapter 7 summarizes the results of this study and some suggestions for future research and policy implications. Thriugh the empirical analysis I have come to the following conclusions. Firstly credit card increases and Granger-causes private consumption empirically in Korea, which supports Hirshman;s surbey. Although this result does not back up the assertion of vredit card industry in Korea, but it can not automatically serve as the rationale of direct government regulations upon credit card industry. Secondly GNP, highly liquid assets, stock holdings together with the amount of credit card use form one and the only stationary linear combination, Granger-cause and have positive correlations with private consumption. Thirdly credit card results in the decrease of the deman for cash. This result is coincident with Fussell, Akhand-Milbourne, Hesterm and Garcia. Tests shw that the credit card usage rate has negative correlations with and Granger-causes the amount of cash held by pribate sector and the amount of bank notes and coins issued by the central bank. But the credit card usage rate doesn't Granger-Cause M2 and M3 Although it has positive correlation with them in a stationary linear combination. Fifthly GNP, credit card usage rate and interest rate form altogether one and the only stationary linear combination with two levels of demand for money i.e. cash held by private sector and the amount of bank notes and coins. Lastly interest rate Granger-causes the credit card usage rate, but doesn''t Granger-causes any level of demand for money although it has positive correlation with five levels of demand for money in a stationary linear combination. It is also arguedin this paper that direct government regulation is not desirable for the sound development of market economy, credit card companies should refrain themselves from excessive competitions and try to work out new indigenous credit examination models and elaborate credit information systems instead, and government must try to provide various incentives including tax-cuts to the credit card users and merchants in the privare sector and lead the various public organizations to use and accept credit cards more widely.

熱處理에 의한 양배추 시들음병 防除

張田益,秦石天,文英仁,姜榮吉 제주대학교 아열대농업연구소 2000 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.17 No.-

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of soil heating treatment for the control of cabbage yellows. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1.The density of Fusarium oxysporum was not changed with time at room temperature while it was not isolated 25 and 5 days after the heating treatment of 35 and 40℃, respectively. However any of it was not detected above 45℃. 2.When cabbage was grown in the soil inoculated with the pathogen after the inoculated soil was incubated for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days at 45℃, Fusarium oxysporum wilt was not observed for cabbage grown in the soil incubated for more than 3 days. 3.Pseudomonas sp. and Bacilus sp. antagonists that show antifungal activity to were Fusarium oxysporum in petri dish assays were isolated. The growth temperature of Bacillus sp. was higher than that of Fusarium oxysporum.

백서 뇌의 정상 노화와 병적 노화 과정의 조직학적 차이 및 약물효과

전진숙,한호성,장희경,길영기,김순옥 대한생물치료정신의학회 1997 생물치료정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

Objectives : Besides of malnutrition and neurotoxic effect of alcohol on the prefrontal cortex or subcortical structures, premature aging may be involved in alcohol-induced cognitive disorders. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of alcohol on short-term memory function and histology, and to identify the drug responses and an association with aging process to understand a biological mechanism underlying alcoholic dementia. Methods: In experiment 1, T-maze tests were done in 5 aged controls and 5 atropine-treated rats. In experiment 2, T-maze tests were repeated on every week for a month in 5 normal adult and 5 ethanol-treated rats. In experiment 3, T-maze tests were repeated on every week for a month in seven groups of 5 ethanol-treated rats injected with normal saline, fluoxetine, bromocriptine, bethacholine, nimodipine, clonidine and ketamine. After completion of behavioral tests rats were sacrificed by the intracardiac perfusion with phosphate buffered 10% formaldehyde solution, and the brain specimen was stained with hematoxylin-eosin to count cells in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results: 1) Cell numbers of hippocampus(CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus) and prefrontal cortex were reduced in ethanol-treated rats(P<0.05) without significant changes on T-maze tests. 2)Cell numbers of hippocampus(CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus) and prefrontal cortex were recovered by bethacholine(P<0.05), while those of hippocampus raised by bromocriptine and clonidine(P<0.05 respectively). There were no significant changes on T-maze tests. 3) Cell numbers of prefrontal cortex in ethanol-treated rats were correlated with those of atropine-treated(r=0.977,P<0.001), and of normal aged(r=0.448, P<0.05) rats. Conclusions : Alcohol-induced memory disorder might be mainly related with cholinergic system as well as adrenergic or dopaminergic ones. Pathological aging process could be involved in a mechanism underlying alcoholic dementia.