Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk와 L.obtusifolium S. et Z. 사이에 耐寒性度의 比較

李麗夏,崔圭洪,洪性珏 建國大學校 附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1983 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

本 硏九는 국내에서 住宅地나 道路邊에 생울타리로 많이 쓰이고 있는 쥐똥나무(Ligustrum obtusifolium)와 왕쥐똥나무(L. ovalifolium)간의 耐寒性의 차이를 알기 위하여 陰地 및 陽地에서 자라는 普通枝와 萌芽枝에 대하여 比熱差分析에 의하여 季節的으로 耐寒性을 測定한 결과 그 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 일반적으로 왕쥐똥나무는 쥐똥나무보다 耐寒性이 낮았다. 왕쥐똥나무는 最高耐寒性度, 耐寒性度 發達速度, 그리고 耐寒性 增進에 있어서 短日條件 및 低溫條件에 대한 反應力이 쥐똥나무보다 낮았다. 이와 같은 차이는 왕쥐똥나무가 쥐똥나무보다 그 分布地가 더 좁고, 더 남쪽이며 生長率이 빠르고 生長期間이 더 길며 따라서 組織硬化가 보다 적게 일어나고 있는 사실과 관련이 있었다. 2. 왕쥐똥나무와 쥐똥나무 모두 陽地에서보다 陰地에서 耐寒性 發達速度가 낮았다. 耐寒性 發達에 미치는 그늘의 효과는 第1 段階 耐寒性 發達過程에서보다 第2 段階 發達過程에서, 또 普通枝에서보다 萌芽枝에서 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이와 같은 그늘의 효과는 겨울동안 耐寒性을 發達 또는 維持하는 데 필요한 貯藏養分의 不足에 기인한다고 생각된다. 그늘이 심하게 지는 곳에는 凍害의 우려가 많으므로 이들 樹種을 植栽하지 않는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 3. 陽地에서 자라는 쥐똥나무의 萌芽枝를 제외하고는 모든 경우에 萌芽枝가 普通枝보다 耐寒性이 낮았다. 陰地에서 자라는 왕쥐똥나무의 萌芽枝는 모든 處理 중에서 耐寒性 發達이 가장 느렸고, 반면에 陽地의 쥐똥나무 萌芽枝는 가장 빨리 耐寒性을 發達하였다. 이들 萌芽枝의 耐寒性度는 쥐똥나무類의 생울타리를 剪定할 때 주의깊게 고려되어야 한다. To know the difference in cold hardiness between Ligustrum ovalifolium and L. obtusifolium, which both are popular species for hedge around private home and along public street in Korea, the cold hardiness of the normal and sprout twigs growing in shade and exposed condition was measured seasonally by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The following results were obtained. 1) Generally L. ovalifolium was less cold hardy than L. obtusifolium in most of the time. The maximum hardiness, the rate of the hardiness development and the responsiveness to short day condition and to low air temperature in increasing the hardiness were lower in L. ovalifolium than L. obtusifolium. These differences were related with the facts that L. ovalifolium is less widely, more southernly distributed and growing faster and longer seasonally resulting in less hardened tissue than L. obtusifolium. 2) In both species the cold hardiness was developed more slowly in the shade site than in the exposed. The effect of the shading on the cold hardiness development appeared more distinctively during the second stage of the hardiness development than the first, and in the sprouts than the normal twigs. The shading effect was attributed to the shortage of storage food which is necessary to develop or maintain the hardiness during the winter. Under the shade site, planting these species, especially L. ovalifolium should not be recommended because of the potential freezing injury. 3) In most cases except the sprouts of L. obtusifolium growing in the exposed site, the sprouts usually developed less hardiness than the normal twigs. The sprouts of L. ovalifolium growing under the shade site developed the least hardiness among all treatments. On the other hand, the sprouts of L. obtusifolium growing in the exposed site developed the most hardiness among the treatments. The hardiness of these sprouts should be considered as related with pruning treatments of the hedge.

林分成長量 推定에 對한 考察(其二)

李麗夏 건국대학교 1971 學術誌 Vol.12 No.1

1.This survey was estimated based on the stand table method on 16 years old pitch pine forest. 2.The diameter 9rowth survey was made by the Meyer's Increment Sorer method which was based on the volume formular made on the single tree volume, The formular is V=0.000058Dl.8.H1.1 3.This survey was made based on the 95% reliability surveyed on the 339 trees raised in the 0.33ha of sample plot espicially set up. (1) Linear regression over annual diameter growth for the diameter is as follows ; Y=0.1618+0.0298X (2) 90% of the total trees, in the diameter distribution of 2cm round off, each increased one step in diameter. (3) Stand volume increment percentage shows 16%. (4) The increment of stand volume for 5 years shows 46% of increment rate.

리기다 소나무林의 直徑 連年 成長量 推定에 대한 考察

李麗夏 건국대학교 1970 學術誌 Vol.11 No.1

(1) In this survey, to estimate volume growth of pitch pine(pinus rigida mill) forest, diameter growth was estimated as a preliminary survey. (2) Among sample trees of 223, the number of rejected trees was 12 an approximate 5% of total sample trees. The forest showed uniform growth and rejected trees included insect-damaged trees. (3) Compared with reports made on forest classification basis, pitch pine(pinus rigida mill) a single species showed faster growth. (4) Minimum, average and maxlmum value of D.B.H and mean annual diameter growth. of 16 year old pitch pine forest were as follow. ◁표 삽입 (원문을 참조하세요) (5) The corretation of each factors estimated by 95% of confidence interval is shown in the table of corrlation as bellow. ◁표 삽입(원문을 참조하세요)

林分의 過去 成長量 推定에 關한 硏究

李麗夏 건국대학교 생명과학연구원 1994 생명과학지 Vol.1 No.-

잣나무林에 대한 林分構造를 분석하여 이 林分의 과거 변화되어온 과정을 파악하여 이를 새로운 경영에 반영하기 위하여 林分解析을 실시한 것을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 林分內 標準이 될 수 있는 林分은 標準地로 선정하고 標準地面積은 1,000㎡로 설정했다. 2) 標準地內 林木에 대하여는 每木調査를 실시하여 本數配分表를 작성하고 이에 따른 標準木을 분배 추출하였다. 추출한 標本木數는 다음의 근사식에 의하여 결정했다. N=(2Cv/P)2×(1-p2) 3) 추출된 林木에 대하여는 이를 伐採하여 樹幹析解을 하기 위하여 材長 2m로 절단한 것을 Huber式에 의하여 材積을 계산하고 지상 0.0m부위의 年輪數에 의하여 추정된 林齡은 33년생이었다. 4) 수확표와 비교한 標準地林分의 地位指數는 8이었다. 5) 樹幹析解한 林木의 각 齡級內의 재적은 Xi=a+bYi의 일반식에 의하여 추정했으며 그 抽出率은 현재에서 과거로 소습할수록 낮아지며 材積間의 相關係數는 각 繼時點에서 멀어질수록 적어졌으며 가장 낮은 상관관계는 0.51이였다. 6) 實材積에 대한 Yates의 방법을 응용하여 계산된 材積表材積의 보정은 推定誤差率이 1.8%이고, 推定實在的의 推定誤差는 0.0004㎥였다. 7) 林分材積表 추정은 該當수확표 33齡級 환산한 평균재적은 175.842㎥에 대하여 plot의 ha당 林分材積은 158.394㎥로서 재적비는 90%에 달하고 있다. This study aimed to elucidate the successive change of the preview stand construction of which was made artificially, Since any working data were not recorded. This survey was carried out on the 33 years-old Korean white pine(Pinus koraiensis s. et z), the procedures and results of this stand analysis were as follows; After-timber cruise, in plot of 1,000㎡ in area, sample trees of respective diameter classes were chosen and the number need for stem analysis were determined according to the following formula. N=(2Cv/P)2×(1-p) Where Cv is the coefficient of variation of the present stand. P is the aimed precision. p is a correlation coefficient of successive volume at a time, When above precision is claimed. Trees to be used for stem analysis were sectioned into 2m interval and its volume was calculated by using the Huber's formula, the age of all trees was 33 years-old as a count of the annual rings of the ground level disk. The Value of the forest site index was 8. The Volume estimation of the past stand each age class was made by the formula x1=a+byi and the positive correlation between the estimation rates and the stand ages were observed. The error percentage of calibration between actual volume and volume table was 1.8% and the standard error of the estimated actual volume was 0.0004㎥. The average volume per ha of plot in 33 years of age class is 175.842㎥ and when this figure was compared with 158.394㎥ of the concerned yield table, and average stem volume was 90% of the concerned yield table which means the value of the yield table was larger.

秀型木 各 形質 間의 相關關係에 對한 硏究 : 其一

李麗夏 건국대학교 1966 學術誌 Vol.7 No.1

1.This study was aimed at to survey the correlation of the each growth factors which has an important attribution to Larix Leptolepis Gord belonged in the category of plus trees. 2.The correlation of the each growth factors estimated by 95 per cent of confidence interval is shown in the table of correlation above. 3.The correlation of each growth factors except that of D.B.H and crown diameter has shown a higher correlative degree. 4.According to the above equations, an error of less than 1 per cent can be reduced in the estimation except for the correlation of DBH and crown diameter.

森林의 水源涵養機能과 우리나라 山林의 現況

李麗夏 건국대학교 농과대학 연합학회 1968 건농 Vol.- No.2

比推定에 의한 林分材積 測定에 대한 考察

李麗夏 건국대학교 1972 學術誌 Vol.13 No.1

1.This survey was estimated under the ratio estimate such as single class method, simple random sampling method, compound ratio sampling method, speerate ratio sampling method and average tree method artificial Idlest pitch pine volume. 2.The following results were realized by the ratio estimates. ◁표삽입(원본 p602참조)▷ 3.At the above table simple random sampling method and compound ratio sampling method are the only ones which is included the actual stand volume in the ratio estimated stand volume. 4.It is thought that the sampling was in a such good result was because of stand structual stands were simple forest. 5.The most simple measurement and calculation on the stand volume estimates, in order, would be (1) single class method, (2) simple random sampling method (3) average tree method (4) seperate ratio sampling method and compound ratio sampling method, and at the artificial evenaged forest the method has realized the best results in obtaining good accuracy and the measure stand volume with least time, expenses and labor in considerably.

數個의 土壤因子가 아까시아 나무 生長에 미치는 影響

李麗夏,鄭印九 건국대학교 1968 學術誌 Vol.9 No.1

This survey was made in order to study adaptable soil site for black locust. The relation of the soil characteristics to the growth of black locust in the area was analyzed. (1) Black locust has shown better growth on the site which has deeper effective soil depth, lower compactness and consistency, and more of available phosphate content. The ratio of growth of ground cover vegetation under black locust depended on the site quality. (2) It has shown the trend of better growth on the soil which has better C,E.C., and in the soil class siallitic sail than sandy soil. (3) Summarizing above result, the best suitable site for black locust is where effective soil depth is better than 40 cm, compactness & consistency is less than 2.5, available phosphate in the soil is more than 2.0prm, 20% of humus, C.E.C. of 20mm/100 and the soil class of siallitic soil.

디젤엔진 代替燃料源으로서의 쉬나무의 造林學的인 特性에 關한 硏究

洪性珏,李麗夏,崔圭洪 建國大學校附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1983 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

쉬나무의 種實油는 디젤엔진의 代替燃料源으로서 그 가능성이 높은 것으로 알려지고 있는 바, 쉬나무의 栽培에 필요한 造林學的 特性을 알기 위하여, 本 硏究는 쉬나무의 自然分布地, 種實 및 木材生産性, 實生苗 및 接木苗 生産方法, 耐寒性度의 季節的 變異에 대해 調査하여, 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 推定年齡이 70∼150年生인 쉬나무들이 南部에서 中部에 이르기까지 넓게. 그러나 宮터, 古宮의 庭園, 農村의 마을 주변과 같이 제한된 지역에 自然相으로 分布하거나, 人工的으로 植栽되어 있는 것으로 판명되었다. 또한 쉬나무는 山麓部의 土深이 깊은 砂質壤土 및 植質壤土의 土壤에서 根萌芽에 의한 몇몇 群狀稚樹와 함께 孤立木으로 자라며, 母樹 주위에는 後代 實生稚樹의 發生이 드물었다. 쉬나무 實生稚樹 및 그 自然分布가 制限된 것은 自然狀態에서 多量의 種子가 野生鳥類의 먹이로 소비되어 버리고, 그 發芽率이 낮은 것이 주요 원인으로 생각된다. 2. 孤立木에서 樹冠面積(水平面積)에 대한 種字量을 推定했을 때, 年間 ha當 755 kg의 種字가 生産되고, 이로부터 264 kg의 種實油가 生産된다. 樹齡이 확인된 몇몇 나무의 경우, 20 年生 나무의 胸高直徑은 14 cm, 70 年生은 25∼26 cm였다. 樹高生長은 直徑生長과 상관없이 胸高直經 14∼83 cm의 나무의 경우 그 樹高는 6∼13 cm의 변이가 나타났다. 대부분의 大徑木이 主幹에 심한 心材腐朽를 일으켰는데, 그 原因이 凍害로 인한 것인지 또는 그외 다른 原因에 의한 것인지는 밝혀지지 않았다. 서울지방에 자라는 70 年生 나무에 있어서 主幹에는 心材腐朽가 있었으나, 14 年生 가지에는 心材腐朽가 없는 것으로 미루어 보아 지나간 14년간 材部柔組織에는 凍害가 없었음을 알 수 있었다. 木材는 전체적으로 보아 直線木理이나 觸單面에서는 放射柔組織을 중심으로 交叉木理를 갖고 木組織은 치밀하며, 氣乾比重은 2 年生에서 0.66, 70 年生에서 0.77이었다. 3. 種皮의 wax狀物質을 10% 合成洗劑 溶液으로 제거시킨 결과 發芽率이 10∼15%에서 80∼95%로 증가되었다. 70 年生 나무에서 얻은 接穗을 2 年生 台木에 切接으로 接木시킨 결과는 성공적이었다. 台木이 굵을수록 接穗의 生長이 좋았다. 4. 種字産地別로 幼苗의 耐寒性度에는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같이 耐寒性度의 차이가 적은 것은 이 樹種이 蟲媒花이지만 암꽃과 수꽃의 꽃피는 시기가 다르므로 他家受精이 가능하여 집단간에 遺傳子交換이 될 수 있기 때문인 것으로 解析되었다. 1 年生 苗木은 2 年生 苗木보다 耐寒性度가 더 낮은데 이는 1 年生 苗木의 생장기간이 보다 길기 때문에 材部柔組織의 소수의 細胞가 耐寒性 發達이 늦기 때문에 나타난 것으로 생각되었다. 1 年生 苗木의 凍害防止를 위해서는 겨울동안 땅속에 假植을 하는 것이 가장 좋은 방법이다. To know the silvicultural characteristics of Evodia daniellii, of which the seed oil was known to have the high feasibility of fuel substitution for diesel engine, this study investigated the natural distribution of the tree, the productivity of the seed and wood in the natural condition, the production of the seedlings from the seeds and the grafts, and the seasonal variation in cold hardiness of the seedlings from different provenance. The following results were discussed; 1. It appeared that Evodia daniellii, estimated as old as 70-200 years, are naturally distributed and/or artificially planted widely from the southern part up to the middle part of Korea, but in a limited spot such as the site of an ancient castle, the garden of palace and near rural village, and that the trees are growing as an isolated tree with a few progeny near the mother tree, at the site of good soil depth with sandy loam in the lower part of hillside. The limited natural distribution of this species was attributed to large consumption of the seed by feeding the wild birds and low percent germination in the natural condition. 2. The seed produced annually, as estimated by the amount of seed in an isolated tree per the area projected by the crown, averaged 755kg/ha, resulting in 264kg/ha of the seed oil. In some trees of which the age was able to be identified, the diameter growth at the age of 20 years was 14 cm, and 25 to 26 cm at the age of 70 years. The heigh growth was not consistent with the diameter growth or the age and varied from 6 to 13 meter in the trees of diameter 14 to 83 cm. The main stem of most of large diameter trees showed various heart rot damage of which causes were not clear whether it was brought about by freezing or other incidents. In one 70 years-old tree growing in the northern limit of Korea with serious heart rot in the main stem, the 14 year old branch showed no sign of the heart rot, indicating that there has been no freezing injury on the main branch for 14years. The wood had straight grain over all, otherwise interlocked grain around the ray structure on the tangential section, dense texture, specific gravity (air dried) of 0.66 in two year old stem and of 0.77 in 70 year old stem. 3. Removal of wax like material from the surface of the seed coat with 10% solution of synthetic soap promoted the percent germination from 10-15% to 80-95%. The veneer grafting of the scion from the 70 year old tree to 1 to 2 year old stock was successful. The thicker the stock was used, the better the growth of scion was obtained. 4. There was little difference in cold hardiness among seedlings from different provenance. The little difference could be attributed to the out-breeding mechanism, even though this species is pollinated by insects, in that earlier flowering of the male flower than the female one may allow the gene exchange among the population. One year old seedling was less cold hardy than the two year old one. This might be attributed to the slow development in cold hardiness of the small group of cells in the xylem, which was probably resulted from longer growth period of one year old seedling than the older trees. The cold damage of one year old seedlings could be prevented by transplanting them in the soil temporarily during winter