신개발 심층시비장치를 이용한 심층시비의 밭작물 재배 효과

홍성창,김민욱,김진호,박성직 한국환경농학회 2023 한국환경농학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Nitrogen fertilizers applied to agricultural lands for crop cultivation can be volatilized as ammonia. The released ammonia can catalyze the formation of ultrafine dust (particulate matter, PM2.5), classified as a short-lived cli-mate change pollutant, in the atmosphere. Currently, one of the prominent methods for fertilizer application in agri-cultural lands is soil surface application, which comprises spraying the fertilizers onto the soil surface, followed by mixing the fertilizers with the soil. Owing to the low nitro-gen absorption rate of crops, when nitrogen fertilizers are applied in this manner, they can be lost from land surfaces through volatilization. Therefore, investigating a new fer-tilization method to reduce ammonia emissions and in-crease the fertilizer utilization efficiency of crops is nece- ssary. In this study, to develop a method for reducing am-monia emissions from nitrogen fertilizers applied to soil surfaces, deep fertilization was conducted using a newly developed deep fertilization device, and ammonia emis-sions from barley, garlic, and onion fields were examined. Conventional fertilization (surface application) and deep fertilization (soil depth of 25 cm) were conducted for analysis. The fertilization rate was 100% of the standard fertilization rate used for barley, and deep fertilization of N, P, and K fertilizers was implemented. Ammonia emis-sions were collected using a wind tunnel chamber, and quantified subsequently susing the indole-phenol blue method. Ammonia emissions released from the basal fer-tilizer application persisted for approximately 58 d, begin-ning from approximately 3 d after fertilization in conven-tional treatments; however, ammonia was not released from deep fertilization. Moreover, barley, garlic, and on-ion yields were higher in the deep fertilization treatment than in the conventional fertilization treatment. In con-clusion, a new fertilization method was identified as an al-ternative to the current approach of spraying fertilizers on the soil surface. This new method, which involves inject-ing nitrogen fertilizers at a soil depth of 25 cm, has the po-tential to reduce ammonia emissions and increase the yields of barley, garlic, and onion.

교육정보공개 정책과정 연구

홍성창 한국교육개발원 2012 한국교육 Vol.39 No.1

This study analyzed structural and functional factors concerning the policy process of education information disclosure by reviewing the change in regulations on student achievement data disclosure. The framework was constructed by combining multiple stream theory, advocacy coalition theory, and policy entrepreneur theory. The study showed that the policy process could be summarized as sets of actions taken by policy entrepreneurs, policy advocacy coalitions, and general participants in the three structures of policy-, problem-, and politics-streams, which were divided into three stages: agenda setting, policy formation and changes, and implementation. In the agenda setting stage, the advocacy coalition group pursuing school accountability continuously urged the government to review their alternatives, competing with the egalitarian coalition group in the subsystem. The policy entrepreneurs played key roles by disseminating their ideas into the different streams. The policy change occurred in a phased manner when the windows were opened in the politics stream. The Education Information Disclosure Act was established during the process of negotiation among political parties, which tried to overcome a long political stalemate, and the policy was actually changed when the newly-inaugurated president announced the disclosure of achievement data by schools. However, the conflicts between the competing coalitions were exposed in the implementation stage, followed by the policy non-compliance of the teachers union and political implementation by the government. 본 연구는 학교별 학생들의 학업성취도를 포함한 교육정보의 공개에 관한 정부의 지침 즉 교육정보공개 정책과정 전반의 기능 및 구조적 요소를 밝히고자 하였다. 다중흐름 이론, 지지연합 이론, 정책선도가 이론 등을 토대로 연구모형을 수립하였다. 분석 결과, 교육정보공개 정책과정은 세 개의 다른 구조(정책, 문제, 정치 흐름)와 정책참여자(정책선도가, 정책연합, 일반참여자)가 상호작용을 거듭하면서 세 개의 정책단계(의제설정, 정책형성 및 변동, 정책집행)를 거쳐 왔다. 의제설정 단계에서 학교교육의 책무성을 요구하는 정책지지연합이 평등주의적 정책연합과 하위체제 내에서 경쟁하면서 교육정보공개의 정부 의제화를 위해 지속적으로 활동하였다. 정책선도가는 자신의 아이디어를 정책, 정치, 문제 등 세 개의 구조에 접목시키면서 정책의 구심적 역할을 담당하였다. 교육정보공개 정책변동은 정치흐름에서 개설된 창구를 통하여 단계적으로 이루어졌다. 정치적 교착상태를 벗어나기 위한 여․야 협상 과정에서 교육정보공개법이 제정되었으며, 새롭게 출범한 정부가 학교별 학력정보 공개 방침을 선언하면서 사실상의 정책변동이 일어났다. 그러나 정책집행 단계에서 경쟁하던 정책연합 간의 갈등이 표면화되어, 정책 불응 등 정치적 게임과 정치적 집행 등의 현상이 일어났다.

'학자적 교원' 모형의 개발과 적용

홍성창 한국교원교육학회 2012 한국교원교육연구 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구는 교원들의 지속적 전문성 신장의 노력을 유도하고, 동시에 교직의 위기를 해결하고 위해 새로운 교원 정책의 일관된 틀을 구안하였다. 학문(scholarship)과 학자(scholar)의 특성, 교직 사회의 구성요소 등을 연계하여 '학자적 교원(teacher as scholar)' 모형을 제시하였다. 이는 학자적 전문성(연구, 통합, 적용, 교육), 교원 발달 단계(준비, 입문, 성장, 안정), 경력경로(교수직, 학교경영직, 장학직), 그리고 평가 및 보상 체계(교원 평가, 성과급제, 근무평정 등) 등 네 가지의 요소로 구성되어 있다. 교원 정책의 일관된 틀은 교원의 전문성 개발과 경력경로 개발을 위한 구조를 수립하는데 도움이 될 것이며, 교원정책의 기획과 개발과정에서도 정책의 목표와 지향점을 보다 체계적으로 마련하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

깊이거름주기에 따른 몇 가지 밭작물 재배의 질소비료 사용량 절감과 수량증가 효과

홍성창,이민지,오병욱,이창묵 한국환경농학회 2025 한국환경농학회지 Vol.44 No.-

Nitrogen fertilizers must be applied repeatedly during crop cultivation. The agricultural sector has set a goal of reducing nitrogen fertilizer usage to 23%, from 2022 to 115kg/ha, 2030. Currently, fertilizer is spread on the farming fields and then mixed with the field soil using rotary operations. Deep fertilization treatment entailed injecting basal fertilizer 25-30cm deep into the soil using a deep fertilization device attached to a tractor. For onions, added fertilization using nitrogen fertilizer was omitted once out of three times, and for wheat, once out of two times. For forage corn, added fertilization was reduced by 50%. After crop cultivation, the yield of the deep fertilization treatment significantly increased by 52% for onion, 26% for wheat, and 29% for forage corn, respectively, compared to the conventional surface fertilization treatment. Therefore, deep fertilization could reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used as fertilization by 22% for onions, 25% for wheat, and 25% for forage corn. It was concluded that deep fertilization of basal fertilizer in cultivating onions, wheat, and forage corn can reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used to increase production. The deep fertilization technology is expected to be a low-carbon agricultural technology.

광촉매산화법을 이용한 침출수 내 난분해성 물질 제거

홍성창,조성필,김영희 대한환경공학회 1999 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.1999 No.8

밭 토양에서 몇가지 질소비료의 암모니아 배출량

홍성창,김민욱,김진호 한국대기환경학회 2023 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

고추밭 고랑 볏짚피복에 의한 양분유출 특성

홍성창,김민경,정구복,소규호 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.1

Excessive application of nutrient supplement on the upland soil may increase the amount of discharge to surrounding water systems. The chemical fertilizer (CF), cow manure compost (CMC), and pig manure compost (PMC) are used as a nutrient supplement for cultivation of red pepper. Rice straws are widely used as a soil covering material in order to reduce weed occurrence, to protect soil moisture, and to supply organic matter in upland soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the furrow covering effect with rice straw on nutrient discharge in upland soil used for red pepper cultivation. The experimental plots of nutrient supplement were consisted of CF, CMC, and PMC and the amount of nutrient application were as recommended amount after soil test for red pepper cultivation. Each nutrient supplement treatment plot has no furrow covering (CFC) as a control and furrow covering with rice straw (FCS), respectively. Furrow covering with rice straw (FCS) of CF treatment and CMC treatment reduced the amount of T-N(total nitrogen) discharge by 1.4 kg ha-1, 2.1 kg ha-1, respectively, compared to control. While the amount of T-P(total phosphorus) discharge of the furrow covering with rice straw of CF, CMC, and PMC increased by 2.1 kg ha-1, 2.1 kg ha-1, and 0.2 kg ha-1, respectively, compared to control. The phosphorus and nitrogen content of straw were 0.4 % and 0.3 % respectively. In addition, in three week the phosphorus was eluted from the straw which soaked in distilled water. Thus, it was assumed that T-P discharging originated from rice straw which applied as a furrow covering material. The furrow covering with rice straw reduced weed occurrence compared to control. But production of fresh red pepper was not influenced significantly by furrow covering with rice straw. In conclusion, excessive furrow covering with rice straw could induce T-P discharge from upland soil used for red pepper cultivation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate amount of rice straw as a furrow covering material. 농경지에 작물재배를 위한 양분재료의 과다한 투여는 주변 수계로의 양분유출을 증가시킬 수 있다. 고추재배시 사용되는 양분재료는 화학비료, 우분퇴비, 돈분퇴비 등이 대표적이다. 볏짚은 벼 재배의 부산물로 밭 농사에서 잡초발생 억제, 토양수분 보존, 유기물 재료로 널리 사용된다. 본 연구는 노지 고추 재배에서 밭 고랑을 볏짚으로 피복할 때 강우로 발생하는 표면 유출수에 의한 양분유출 특성을 파악하기 위해 수행하였다. 시험구는 양분재료를 기준으로 하여 화학비료, 우분퇴비, 돈분퇴비로 구분하였고 양분투입량은 토양검정 시비량에 준하여 처리하였다. 각각의 시험구는 화학비료 또는 우분퇴비, 돈분퇴비를 시용한 후 볏짚으로 덮은 경우(피복 처리구)와 덮지 않은 경우(무피복구)로 구분하였다. 화학비료 처리구와 우분퇴비 처리구의 볏짚 고랑 피복 처리는 무피복구 보다 T-N (총질소)의 유출이 각각 1.4 kg ha-1, 2.1 kg ha-1 감소하였다. 반면에 화학비료 처리구와 우분퇴비 처리구, 돈분퇴비 처리구의 볏짚고랑 피복 처리는 무피복구 보다 T-P (총인)의 유출이 각각 2.1 kg ha-1, 2.1 kg ha-1, 0.2 kg ha-1 증가하였다. 볏짚은 질소 0.4 %, 인산을 0.3 % 함유하고 있고 증류수에 볏짚을 담근 후 3주일 내에 인산 성분이 유출되므로 T-P의 유출은 고랑을 피복한 볏짚에서 기원한 것으로 추정된다. 무피복구에 비하여 고랑 볏짚 피복구는 잡초발생이 줄었다. 그러나 붉은 고추의 수확량은 무피복구와 볏짚피복구 간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로, 고추밭 고랑을 볏짚으로 과다하게 피복하면 T-P의 유출을 유발할 수 있으므로 고랑을 피복하는데 적정한 볏짚량을 산정하기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단되었다.

Furrow Cover Effects of Black Non-woven Fabric on Reduction of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Discharge from Upland Soil Used for Red Pepper Cultivation

홍성창,김민경,정구복,소규호 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.6

Control of surface runoff from upland soil is essential to reduce nonpoint source pollution. The use of non-woven fabric as a soil cover can be helpful to control surface runoff. The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the furrow cover effects of black non-woven fabric on the nutrient discharge from upland soil used for red pepper cultivation. The experimental plots consisted of chemical fertilizer (CF), cow manure compost (CMC), and pig manure compost (PMC) treatment. Each nutrient material treatment plot has control (no furrow cover (NFC)) and black non-woven fabric cover treatment, respectively. The amount of nutrient application was chemical fertilizer of 190-112-149 (N-P2O5-K2O) kg ha-1, cow manure compost of 29.5 ton ha-1, and pig manure compost of 7.9 ton ha-1 as recommended amount after soil test for red pepper cultivation. Compared to control (NFC), furrow cover treatment with black non-woven fabric reduced the amount of T-N discharge by 50% at CF treatment, 36.9% at CMC treatment, and 44.8% at PMC treatment. Furrow cover treatment with black non-woven fabric reduced the amount of T-P discharge by 37.1% at CF treatment, 49.9% at CMC treatment, and 63.4% at PMC treatment compared to control (NFC). The production of red pepper did not show significant difference. There was no weed occurring in furrow cover treatment plots with black non-woven fabric. Results from this study showed that the furrow cover with black non-woven fabric could play a significant role in reduce nutrient discharge from upland soil used for red pepper cultivation.

연구발표논문초록 ( 유동층 ) : 기 - 고 유동층내 압력요동에 관한 연구

홍성창,김동선,최청송 (정),도동섭 (정) ( S . C . Hong,D . S . Kim,C . S . Choi,D . S . Doh ) 한국화학공학회 1988 춘계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

신개발 심층시비장치를 이용한 심층시비가 벼와 콩 수량에 미치는 영향

홍성창,김민욱,김진호 한국환경농학회 2023 한국환경농학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Nitrogen fertilizer is an essential macronutrient that re-quires repeated input for crop cultivation. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers can adversely affect the environ-ment by discharging NH3, NO, and N2O into the air and leaching into surrounding water systems through rainfall runoff. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology that reduces the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used without compromising crop yields. Fertilizer deep placement could be a technology employed to increase the efficiency of ni-trogen fertilizer use. In this study, a deep fertilization de-vice that can be coupled to a tractor and used to inject fer-tilizer into the soil was developed. The deep fertilization device consisted of a tractor attachment part, fertilizer amount control and supply part, and an underground fer-tilizer input part. The fertilization depth was designed to be adjustable from the soil surface down to a depth of 40 cm in the soil. This device injected fertilizer at a speed of 2,000 m2/hr to a depth of 25 to 30 cm through an under-ground fertilizer injection pipe while being attached to and towed by a 62-horsepower agricultural tractor. Furthermore, it had no difficulty in employing various fertil-izers currently utilized in agricultural fields, and it oper-ated well. It could also perform fertilization and plowing work, thereby further simplifying agricultural labor. In this study, a newly developed device was used to inves-tigate the effects of deep fertilizer placement (FDP) com-pared to those with urea surface broadcasting, in terms of rice and soybean grain yields. FDP increased the number of rice grains, resulting in an average improvement of 9% in rice yields across three regions. It also increased the number of soybean pods, resulting in an average increase of 23% in soybean yields across the three regions. The re-sults of this study suggest that the newly developed deep fertilization device can efficiently and rapidly inject fer-tilizer into the soil at depths of 25 to 30 cm. This fertilizer deep placement strategy will be an effective fertilizer ap-plication method used to increase rice and soybean yields, in addition to reducing nitrogen fertilizer use, under con-ventional rice and soybean cultivation conditions.