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Multi-sensory congruence in vehicle sound quality assessment: effects of vibration and irrelevant emotional primes on affective reactions and evaluations of product sounds
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ATP 의존성 K+ Channel 차단작용이 있는 Glibenclamide 가 개의 신장기능에 미치는 영향
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Pre-processing Tool mit Schnittstellen zur graphischen Darstellung von Zwischenkonvertierungsschritten und Zielformatierung von Emissionsdaten
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의사들의 호스피스 관리에 대한 임상적인 접근
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최석,조경원,류종현,김준수,문현식,김명영,박광철,호광식,장성종,염철호,윤평진,전제열 대한약리학회 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.3
The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells in gastrointestinal tract and generate electrical rhythmicity in gastrointestinal muscles. Therefore, ICC may be modulated by endogenous agents such as neurotransmitter, hormones, and prostaglandins (PGs). In the present study, we investigated the effects of prostaglandins, especially PGE2, on pacemaker currents in cultured ICCs from murine small intestine by using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. ICCs generated spontaneous slow waves under voltage-clamp conditions and showed a mean amplitude of -452±39 pA and frequency of 18±2 cycles/min (n=6). Treatments of the cells with PGE2 (1μM) decreased both the frequency and amplitude of the pacemaker currents and increased the resting currents in the outward direction. PGE2 had only inhibitory effects on pacemaker currents and this inhibitory effect was dose-dependent. For characterization of specific membrane EP receptor subtypes, involved in the effects of PGE2 on pacemaker currents in ICCs, EP receptor agonists were used: Butaprost (1μM), EP2 receptor agonist, reduced the spontaneous inward current frequency and amplitude in cultured ICCs (n=5). However sulprostone (1μM), a mixed EP1 and EP3 agonist, had no effects on the frequency, amplitude and resting currents of pacemaker currents (n=5). SQ-22536 (an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase; 100μM) and ODQ (an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase; 100μM) had no effects on PGE2 actions of pacemaker currents. These observations indicate that PGE2 alter directly the pacemaker currents in ICCs, and that the PGE2 receptor subtypes involved are the EP2 receptor, independent of cyclic AMP- and GMP-dependent pathway.
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늑골-광배근 복합조직이식을 이용한 두부 및 하악재건 치험례
국광식,황 호,허준평,이창주 大韓成形外科學會 1995 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.22 No.4
One stage composite tissue transfer by using microsurgery is one of the challenging event in reconstructive surgeons. Recently we experienced one case of extensive mandible defect which included overlying soft tissue and other case of scalp defect such as cranial bones. This paper includes successful 6 cases of osteomyocutaneous flap(ribs and latissimus dorsimuscle) by using microsurgical technique.
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