http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
최인철 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회 2004 멀티미디어 언어교육 Vol.7 No.2
With the advent of ubiquitous era due to proliferation of network-based teaching and testing, the computerized adaptive language test (CALT) appears to be an inevitable method of language testing in the 21st century. The validation research of CALT is mostly conducted on the basis of the oral proficiency interview (OPI) done by human raters (최인철, 2004). This validation practice utilizing human raters, however, has the inherent problem with the internal validity of research, in that OPI ratings done by human raters tend to have relatively low inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Thus, human ratings in many cases fail to meet the rigorous criteria required by high-stakes language test. Therefore, the automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology-based simulated oral proficiency interview (SOPI) merits our attention as a viable alternative approach to human rater-based OPI. In this respect, this paper attempts to investigate the plausibility and feasibility of implementing ASR-based Oral Test by exploring the relationship between ASR-based Oral Test and native speaker raters, and finally CALT that has been validated by human rater-based OPI. The findings are so revealing that it warrants more large-scale experiment in which more sophisticated ASR-based test employs more valid tasks.
척추마취시 최면제 및 진통제 투여에 따른 저산소증의 발생 빈도에 대한 연구
최인철,조성두,김영생,송남원,하명화 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.39 No.6
Background : The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of hypnotics and analgesics on oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry in surgery patients under spinal anesthesia. Methods: Sixty-five patients classified ASA physical status 1 or 2 scheduled for surgery under spinal anesthesia were studied. These patients were divided into three groups. The 22 subjects of the first group did not receive either midazolam or fentanyl. The 22 subjects of the second group received midazolam. The 21 subjects of the third group received midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1.0㎍/ kg). Oxygen saturation was measured with a pulse oximetry. Measurements were made before spinal anesthesia, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes after starting of spinal anesthesia, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes after the start of the operation or intravenous injectian of drugs. In addition, measurements were made on arrival in the recovery room, and 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes after amval in the recovery room. Results : There were statistically significant differences in oxygen saturation at 5 minutes after the start of the operation or intravenous injection of drugs. The mean oxygen saturation for the first group was 98.2±1.8%, for the second group 97.9±2.6%, and for the third group 92.4±2.8%. Hypoxia cases at 5 minutes after the start of the operation or intravenous injection of a drug occurred in 4.5% of the first group, 9.1% of the second group, and 57.1% of the third group Conclusions: We concluded thsat oxygen saturation monitoring should be done routinely in patients receiving hypnotics and analgesics during spinal anesthesia, and oxygen should be administered to patients who develope hypoxia during spinal anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 39: 792-797
Content Validation of CALT Design Focusing on Content Balancing
최인철 한국응용언어학회 2005 응용 언어학 Vol.21 No.2
Since the advent of the Item Response Theory (IRT), computer adaptive testing based on the IRT has long been explored in psychometrics (Mazzeo & Harvey, 1988; Mead & Drasgow, 1993; Paik, et al, 1998; Russel & Haney, 1997; Sands, Waters, & McBride, 1997; Wainer, et al., 1990; Wainer, et al., 2000). On the other hand, language testers have been hesitant to employ the IRT to develop the computer adaptive language test (CALT), due to the conflict between the IRT's strong assumption of unidimensionality and the inherent nature of multidimensional aspects (e.g., components, topics, skills) of language. In this respect, it is imperative that the developing process of the CALT maximize content validity, reliability, and test fairness by investigating the degree of the content balancing intented to produce well-balanced test input in terms of language components, skills, topics, and task types. The present study attempts to conduct content validation of the CALT by focusing on correlational study of test performance and difficulty indices of test input, and on the content balancing which incorporates corpus linguistic results and distribution of test items in a variety of test design matrices. Overall, the research findings reveal that the CALT algorithm in question produces relatively high correlation between test performance and difficulty of test input, and that the algorithm does meet the rigorous criteria of distributing items appropriately. It is suggested that more constraints are needed to maximize content balancing which will lead to better reliability and content validity.
최인철,김성덕,고홍,김광우,김석곤,민성원,노시운,김계용,정영균 대한마취과학회 1988 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.21 No.6
We experienced one case of anesthesia for liver transplantation in a 14-year-old girl with Wilson's disease. The liver was donated from a patient with a brain tumor who was diagnosed as brain death. We monitored blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, arterial pH, arterial PCO_2, serum potassium, ionized calcium, glucose, and blood coagulation states including platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and coagulation factor assay, We used isoflurane and nitrous oxide as the main inhalation anesthetics. The operation was performed without serious problem. The patient became conscious three hours after the operation.