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Comparison of the Effects of Cell Death between Pulsed and Continuous-wave Proton Beams
정명환,라세진,길재근,최병호,김계령 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.22
Most proton therapy machines are cyclotrons that can produce continuous wave-type proton beams. The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) has been developing a 100-MeV proton linear accelerator since 2002, and recently, we have been trying to design a compact synchrotron as a proton therapy machine. These two kinds of accelerators are pulsed machines that have a high peak current that can deliver higher doses for a few microseconds compared to the cyclotron. To utilize a 100-MeV proton linear accelerator for basic studies of proton therapy, we studied the effect of a pulsed proton beam on biological organisms and compared it to the case of a continuouswave beam. To measure the apoptosis, we used 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and a colony formation assay for lung and prostate cancer cells. As a result, the lung and prostate cancer cell killing effects caused by pulsed and continuous-wave protons were similar for the same absorbed dose levels. In conclusion, the killing effect on the tumor cell of a proton beam is determined by the total absorbed dose, not by dose rate.
ERK/p38 MAPK Inhibition Reduces Radio-resistance to a Pulsed Proton Beam in Breast Cancer Stem Cells
정명환,박정찬 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.8
Recent studies have identified highly tumorigenic cells with stem cell-like characteristics, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) in human cancers. CSCs are resistant to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy owing to their high DNA repair ability and oncogene overexpression. However, the mechanisms regulating CSC radio-resistance, particularly proton beam resistance, remain unclear. We isolated CSCs from the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, which expressed the characteristic breast CSC membrane protein markers CD44+/CD24−/low, and irradiated the CSCs with pulsed proton beams. We confirmed that CSCs were resistant to pulsed proton beams and showed that treatment with p38 and ERK inhibitors reduced CSC radio-resistance. Based on these results, BCSC radio-resistance can be reduced during proton beam therapy by co-treatment with ERK1/2 or p38 inhibitors, a novel approach to breast cancer therapy.
우리나라 녹색기업의 환경회계 도입실태와 환경성과에 관한 조사연구
정명환 한국회계정보학회 2010 회계정보연구 Vol.28 No.3
The purposes of this study are three. First, 2006 Environmental Accounting Guidelines of Korean Government(EAG) is examined and some comments are suggested for the improvement. Second, the implementation state of environmental accounting of Korean green companies is surveyed. Third, whether the introduction of environmental accounting is helpful for the improvement of environmental performance is tested. The results of this study are as followings. Because EAG is established not as accounting standard but as only general guidelines, the contents involve many shortcomings. So continuous reviews and improvements by some organization are required. The implementation state of environmental accounting of Korean green companies are summarized as followings. They are implementing some level of environmental accounting periodically, for example monthly, quarterly, or annually. Environmental accounting is mostly implemented at business site level not at corporate level. And they mostly measure environmental costs and environmental investments but not environmental benefits. They mostly disclose environmental information by the standalone report, that is environmental report or sustainability report. To test the relationship between the environmental accounting implementation level and environmental performance, t-test and regression analysis are done. According to the results, any significant relationship between two is not found. This result implies that currently there is no strong voluntary motivation to introduce environmental accounting in Korean green companies. 본 연구는 환경부의 2006년 환경회계가이드라인의 내용을 검토하여 그 문제점과 개선방안을 제안하고, 환경회계가이드라인을 기준으로 우리나라 녹색기업들의 환경회계를 실행수준을 조사하는 것, 환경회계를 도입하면 환경성과를 높이는 데 도움이 되는지 검토하는 세 가지의 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 환경회계가이드라인은 회계기준으로 제정된 것이 아니라 용어 그대로 일반적 지침으로 발간된 것이어서 미흡한 부분이 많다. 둘째, 우리나라 녹색기업의 환경회계 실행실태를 요약하면, 월별・분기별・연도별 등 정기적으로, 사업장 단위로 환경회계를 수행하고 있으며, 환경원가와 환경투자는 대부분 측정하지만, 환경효익은 별로 측정하지 않고 있다. 환경회계 수행결과는 환경원가 ․ 환경투자 ․ 환경활동을 주요 내용으로 하여 지속가능보고서나 환경보고서의 형태로 공시하고 있다. 셋째, 환경회계 실행수준이 환경성과 개선에 영향이 미친다는 점을 확인할 수 없었다. 이러한 연구결과의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 환경부가 발간하는 환경회계가이드라인은 지속적으로 정교화시켜 나가는 노력이 필요하다. 둘째, 우리나라 녹색기업의 환경회계 도입수준은 만족할만한 수준은 아니지만 어느 정도 도입단계에 있음을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 환경성과에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것이라는 환경회계 도입의 자발적 동기는 약하다. 따라서 환경회계의 도입 확산을 위해서는 다른 제도적 방안의 모색이 필요하다.
정명환,원호근,신민경,오명환,심수진,윤인중,유한상 대한수의학회 2019 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.20 No.2
Among various vaccines against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, subunit vaccines using recombinant proteins of ApxI, ApxII, and ApxIII as vaccine antigens have shown good efficacy in terms of safety and protection. Therefore, subunit vaccines are being applied worldwide and the development of new subunit vaccines is actively being conducted. To evaluate the efficacy of the subunit vaccines, it is important to measure immune responses to each Apx toxin separately. However, the cross-reactivity of antibodies makes it difficult to measure specific immune reactivity to each toxin. In the present study, specific antigen regionsamong the toxins were identified and cloned to solve this problem. The antigenicity of each recombinant protein was demonstrated by Western blot. Using the recombinant proteins, we developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods that can detect specific immune responses to each Apx toxin in laboratory guinea pigs. We suggest that the ELISA method developed in this study can be an important tool in the evaluation of vaccine efficiency and vaccine development.